• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.482-488
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• 2006

목 적 : 신생아의 첫 태변 및 초뇨 배출 시간은 건강 상태의 양호한 정도를 나타내는 표지이다. 첫 태변 배출 시간과 초뇨 배출 시간에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 여러 인자들에 대해 조사하고 이를 비교 평가 분석함으로써 그 임상적 의의를 비교 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 11월부터 2005년 4월까지 본원에서 분만된 재태 연령 34주 이상의 신생아 1,221명을 대상으로 하였다. 모체의 인구학적 변수(모체 연령, 분만력, 분만 방법, 양수의 태변 착색 여부, 그리고 모체 당뇨 여부)와 영아의 변수(성별, Apgar 점수, 재태 연령, 출생 체중, 첫 24시간 동안의 수유 유형, 첫 수유 시 연령, 출생 후 12시간까지 수유 횟수, 퇴원 시 연령, 첫 번째 배뇨 시 연령, 첫 번째 태변 배출 시 연령)에 따른 태변 배출 및 초뇨 배출 시간을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에서, 58.8%가 12시간 이전에, 95.3%가 24시간 이전에, 99.8%가 36시간 이전에 초뇨가 배출되었다. 그리고 68.3%가 12시간 이전에, 95.8%가 24시간 이전에, 98.3%가 36시간 이전에 태변이 배출되었다. 미숙아와 만삭아를 비교하였을 때 초뇨 배출시 연령은 각각 $6.5{\pm}5.8$시간, $12.1{\pm}6.6$시간이었고(P=0.000), 첫 태변 배출시 연령은 각각 $20.7{\pm}13.5$시간, $10.0{\pm}6.3$시간(P=0.000)으로 미숙아의 경우에 초뇨가 더 빨리 배출되고 태변이 더 늦게 배출되는 경향을 나타냈다. 수유를 빨리 시작한 경우에 초뇨나 첫 태변 배출 시간이 통계학적으로 유의하게 더 빨랐다. 출생 후 첫 12시간 동안의 수유 횟수는 초뇨 배출 시간과는 큰 상관이 없었다(P=0.778). 수유 횟수가 많을수록 24시간 이내에 첫 태변을 배출한 영아가 더 많았으며 이는 통계학적으로 유의하였다(P=0.000). 분만 방법(질식 분만, 수술 분만), Apgar 점수, 출산력, 성별, 수유 유형, 모체 당뇨 여부 등은 초뇨 배출 및 첫 태변 배출시 연령과는 통계학적으로 유의성은 없었다. 결 론 : 재태 연령, 출생 체중, 초기 수유 시작 시간이 초뇨 및 첫 태변 배출 시간과 연관성이 있는 것으로 보여지며, 초뇨 및 태변 배출의 지연을 보일 경우 동반되는 이상 증상의 유무에 대한 면밀한 관찰 외에도 상기 요소들에 대한 사항을 고려하여 성급하고 불필요한 임상 검사 및 치료는 피해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common GI condition requiring hospitalization. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using the PillSense system (EnteraSense Ltd.), a novel diagnostic tool designed for the rapid in vivo detection of UGIB, in human volunteers. Methods: In the present study, 10 volunteers swallowed a PillSense capsule, followed by 2 servings of an autologous blood preparation. Participants were monitored for capsule passage, overall tolerability of the procedure, and adverse events. Results: The procedure was completed per the protocol established in the present study in 9/10 cases. In 9 of the subjects, after capsule ingestion, the device indicated the absence of blood with sensor output values of 1. After the ingestion of the first blood mixture, the sensor outputs of all devices increased to a range from 2.8 to 4, indicating that each sensor capsule detected blood. The sensor output remained within that range after the ingestion of the second mixture; however, in one case, the baseline capsule signal was positive, because of a preexisting condition. The passage of the capsule was verified in all patients, and no adverse events were reported. Conclusions: The first trial of the PillSense system in human subjects demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of utilizing this product as a novel, noninvasive, and easy-to-use triage tool for the diagnosis of patients suspected of having UGIB.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.655-672
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• 2005

Seismic random responses due to the wave passage effect are extensively investigated by using the pseudo excitation method (PEM). Two examples are used. The first is very simple but also very informative, while the second is a realistic suspension bridge. Numerical results show that the seismic responses vary significantly with wave speed, especially for low velocity or large span. Such variations are not monotonic, especially for flexible structures. The contributions of the dynamic and quasi-static components depend heavily on the seismic wave velocity and the natural frequencies of structures. For the lower natural frequency cases, the dynamic component has significant effects on the dynamic responses of the structure, whereas the quasi-static component dominates for higher natural frequencies unless the wave speed is also high. It is concluded that if insufficient data on local seismic wave velocity is available, it is advisable to select several possible velocity values in the seismic analysis and to choose the most conservative of the results thus obtained as the basis for design.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This experimental study was carried out to obtain both low emissions and high thermal efficiency by rapid bulk combustion. Two kinds of experiments were conducted to obtain fundamental data on the operation of a RI engine by a radical ignition method. First, the basic experiments were conducted to confirm rapid bulk combustion by using a radical ignition method in a constant volume chamber (CVC). In this experiment, the combustion velocity was much higher than that of a conventional method. Next, to investigate the desirable condition of engine operation using radical ignition, an applied experiment was conducted in an actual engine based on the basic experiment results obtained from CVC condition. A sub-chamber-type diesel engine was reconstructed using a SPI type engine with controlled injection duration and spark timing, and finally, converted to a RI engine. In this study, the operation characteristics of the RI engine were examined according to the sub-chamber's specifications such as the sub-chamber volume and the diameter and number of passage holes. These experimental results showed that the RI engine operated successfully and was affected by the ratio of the passage hole area to the sub-chamber volume.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2022

Objective : A distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is important. However, delivering a large bore aspiration catheter is difficult to a tortuous or atherosclerotic artery. We report the experience of anchoring with balloon guide catheter (BGC) and stent retriever to facilitate the passage of an aspiration catheter in MT. Methods : When navigating an aspiration catheter failed with a conventional co-axial microcatheter delivery, an anchoring technique was used. Two types of anchoring technique were applied to facilitate distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during MT. First, a passage of aspiration catheter was attempted with a proximal BGC anchoring technique. If this technique also failed, another anchoring technique with distal stent retriever was tried. Consecutive patients who underwent MT with an anchoring technique were identified. Details of procedure, radiologic outcomes, and safety variables were evaluated. Results : A total of 67 patients underwent MT with an anchoring technique. Initial trial of aspiration catheter passage with proximal BGC anchoring technique was successful for 35 patients (52.2%) and the second trial with distal stent retriever anchoring was successful for 32 patients (47.8%). Overall, navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter was successful for all patients (100%) without any procedure related complications. Conclusion : Our study showed the usefulness of anchoring technique with proximal BGC and distal stent retriever during MT, especially in those with an unfavorable anatomical structure. This technique could be an alternative option for delivering an of aspiration catheter to a distal location.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.283-290
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• 2007

Recently, plastic products in air-intake parts of automotive engines have become very popular due to advantages that include reduced weight, constricted cost, and lower intake air temperature. However, flow-induced noise in air-intake parts becomes a more serious problem for plastic intake-manifolds than for conventional aluminum-made manifolds. This is due to the fact that plastic manifolds transmit more noise owing to their lower material density. Internal aerodynamic noise from an Idle Speed control Actuator (ISA) is qualitatively analyzed by using a scaling law, which is expressed with some flow parameters such as pressure drop, maximum flow velocity, and turbulence kinetic energy. First, basic flow characteristics through ISA passage are identified with the flow predictions obtained by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. Then, the effects on ISA passage noise of each design factors including the duct turning shape and vane geometries are assessed. Based on these results, the preliminary low noise design for the ISA passage are proposed. The current method for the prediction of internal aerodynamic noise consists of the steady CFD and the scaling laws for the noise prediction. This combination is most cost-effective, compared with other methods, and therefore is believed to be suited for the preliminary design tool in the industrial field.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

The present study investigates the effects of various rib arrangements and rotating on heat/mass transfer in the cooling passage of gas turbine blades. The cooling passage has very complex flow structure, because of the rib turbulator and rotating effect. Experiments and numerical calculation are conducted to investigate the complex flow structures and heat transfer characteristics; the numerical computation is performed using a commercial code, FLUENT ver.5, to calculate the flow structures and the experiments are conducted to measure heat/mass transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sublimation technique. For the rotating duct tests, the test duct, which is the cross section of is $20mm\times40mm$ (the hydraulic diameter, $D_h$, of 26.7 mm, has two-pass with $180^{\circ}$ turning and the rectangular ribs on the wall. The rib angle of attack is $70^{\circ}$ and the maximum radius of rotation is $21.63D_h$. The partition wall has 10 mm thickness, which is 0.5 times to the channel width, and the distance between the tip of the partition wall and the outer wall of the turning region is 26.7 mm $(1D_h)$. The turning effect of duct flow makes the very complex flow structure including Dean type vortex and high turbulence, so that the heat/mass transfer increases in the turning region and at the entrance of the second pass. The Coriolis effect deflects the flow to the trailing surface, resulting in enhancement of the heat/mass transfer on the trailing surface and reduction on the leading surface in the first pass. However, the opposite phenomena are observed in the second pass. The each rib arrangement makes different secondary flow patterns. The complex heat/mass transfer characteristics are observed by the combined effects of the rib arrangements, duct rotation and flow turning.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.683-692
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• 2007

Recently, plastic products in air-intake parts of automotive engines have become very popular due to advantages that include reduced weight, constricted cost, and lower intake air temperature. However, flow-induced noise in air-intake parts becomes a more serious problem for plastic intake-manifolds than for conventional aluminum-made manifolds. This is due to the fact that plastic manifolds transmit more noise owing to their lower material density. Internal aerodynamic noise from an idle speed control actuator(ISA) is qualitatively analyzed by using a scaling law, which is expressed with some flow parameters such as pressure drop, maximum flow velocity, and turbulence kinetic energy. First, basic flow characteristics through ISA passage are identified with the flow predictions obtained by applying computational fluid dynamics techniques. Then, the effects on ISA passage noise of each design factors including the duct turning shape and vane geometries are assessed. Based on these results, the preliminary low noise design for the ISA passage are proposed. The current method for the prediction of internal aerodynamic noise consists of the steady CFD and the scaling laws for the noise prediction. This combination is most cost-effective, compared with other methods, and therefore is believed to be suited for the preliminary design tool in the industrial field.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1976년도 제10차 학술대회연제 순서 및 초록
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1976

식도 및 기도이물은 연령, 성별, 민족에 관계없이 가끔 발생하는 이비인후과 질환으로 주위환경과 생활양식에 따라 중류나 발생기전이 다를 수 있다. 대부분의 경우 내시경적 방법으로 용이하게 제거할 수 있지만 경우에 따라 수술을 요하는 경우도 있고 사망례도 있다. 저자들은 1972년 1원 1일부터 1976년 3월 31일까지 4년 3개월 동안 한강성심법원 이비인후과에 내원했던 식도 및 기도이물 환자 205례에 대한 통계적 고찰을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 총 205례중 식도이물이 200례(97.6%로 대부분이고 기도이물은 5례이었다. 2) 종류 식도에서는 주화가 가장 많았고 (90%), 기도에서는 콩, 땅콩, 빨래집개, 플라스틱조각, 옥수수알 등이 있었다. 3) 이물의 부위는 식도의 제 1 협착부가 가장 많았다. (96.5%). 4) 남녀 발생빈도를 비교해보면 식도에서 1.4 : 1, 기도에서 3:2로 큰차이는 없었다. 5) 개재시간은 식도이물에서 3일 이내에 87%가 내원했고 기도이물에서는 1일 이내에 모두 내원했다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2021

우선 핼리 작품에 나타난 감옥, (독)방, 도관(통로) 등의 전형성에 대한 사회적 의미를 살펴보았다. 핼리 작품에 드러난 감옥과 (독)방은 억압된 구조적 틀이지만 전자는 자유와 탈주가 배태되어 있다는 것, 후자는 긍정적인 매개성을 지닌 공간으로 상호 조절과 접속을 가능케 할 수 있다는 것, 도관은 유동적이면서 외부와의 접속과 소통을 통해 새로운 것을 생성할 수 있다는 잠재성을 가지고 있다는 것으로 해석되었다. 다음으로 핼리 작품에 드러난 전형성의 의미와 질 들뢰즈와 페릭스 가타리가 사회 정의로 제시한 선분 개념이 상호 맥을 같이 한다는 측면에서 비교·분석해보았다. 이를 통해 핼리의 감옥은 들뢰즈와 가타리의 견고한 선, (독)방은 유연한 선, 도관(통로)은 탈주선과 연결될 수 있다는 결론을 얻게 되었다.