• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2013

The cities of Joseon dynasty had weak structure against fire. Fires have resulted in damage on property and life. But they gave a chance to development various policies, planning tools, techniques and facilities for minimizing the damages of fire. This study aims to understand the progression of fire control policy in Joseon dynasty. Fire control policies can be divided into four categories ; fire prevention, prohibition of fire spreading, fire extinguishing and rescue system. The progression of fire control policies can be divided into three steps. In the first step, from Taejong to Moonjong, various policy, such as regal & administrative system, planning tools, fire control works & appliances have been built and executed. In the second step, from Danjong to Hyunjong, fire control work have taken the central place of fire control policy. In the third step, from Sookjong to Sunjong, development of fire control appliances have taken the central place of fire control policy.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.616-622
• /
• 2000

This paper concerns the application of smoke and fire spread to road tunnel fire problems. When a road tunnel is on fire. a fire protection system of road tunnel have to offer an adequate escape space to human. Therefore, this study carried out a simulation for predicting a spreading path of smoke and fire. The evolution of the flow field is simulated with the low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm based on the finite volume method.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2008

As the representative medical scholar at the time of Geumwon(金元) Dynasty, Idongwon(李東垣) deepened and developed the meaning of the diseases on internal injuries. He also proposed the primordial Gi[原氣] and Eum-Fire[陰火] theory in the physiology and pathology. Idongwon(李東垣) defined the pathological metabolism of internal injuries as the hyperactivity against Eum-Fire[陰火] due to the lack of primordial Gi[原氣不足], and he suggested the deficiency of Gi[氣虛] in the Spleen and Stomach and the surge of seven modes of emotion as the causes of the Eum-Fire[陰火] hyperactivity. Additionally, he established the therapy principles of eliminating Heat with Sweet and Warm drug[溫熱藥] and raising yang and spreading fire[升陽散火] based upon the above mentioned pathological metabolism. The Eum-Fire[陰火] that was suggested by Idongwon(李東垣) indicates the Heat syndrome[熱證] developed by internal causes[內因], and the principle reason is the consumption of the Spleen and Stomach Therefore, it is important to recuperate the function of Spleen and Stomach in treating the disease symptoms caused by Eum-Fire[陰火], and the therapies of eliminating Heat with Sweet and Warm drug [溫熱藥] and raising yang and spreading fire[升陽散火] are the corresponding ones. However, since vital Essence could be lacked due to the consumption of Spleen and Stomach, the therapy of replenishing Eum has to be considered. Additionally, the damp removal therapeutic method also has to be considered since Damp could be stagnated by the loss of function in Spleen and Stomach. In other way, Eum-Fire[陰火] developed by the consumption of Spleen and Stomach is somewhat similar aspect to the premier Fire[相火] that is developed by the lack of Eum[陰虛]. But complications could be developed if therapies of enriching the Eum[滋陰] to suppress Fire and replenishing Eum[補陰] are mainly used to control the symptoms developed by the lack of Eum[陰虛]. Namely, the drugs used to replenish Eum[補陰] mostly have the heavy and turbid properties, which contrarily have the possibility to debilitate the functions of Spleen and Stomach by causing Dampness within a body. So, care must be made in their use.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03b
• /
• pp.358-361
• /
• 2008

A study is made of thermal plume flow model for the development of helicopter simulator over the forest fire. For numerical analysis, the Boussinesq fluid approximation and line fire model, which is assumed by the shape of forest fire spreading, are adopted. Comparing 3-D full numerical solutions with 2-D similarity solution, it has been built a new model that is capable of temperature prediction along the symmetric vertical axis in both cases of laminar and turbulent flows.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.204-208
• /
• 2008

Casualties Damage from Smoke is very serious consequence. Especially, Damage from smoke in in the Subway Station is the terrible result. Smoke from the fire in the Subway Station that evacuation route on the path and the sight of refugees caused by serious traffic problems. Accordingly, A study on Smoke barriers of smoke systems take into considerations relate to effects depending on wind velocity speed of the piston effect come into the retarding effect of smoke control in smoke barriers. As a result of modeling, According to increasing of Velocity in the platform which installed smoke barriers were been on the increase spreading quantity of smoke in the right direction of upstairs however, In contrast spreading quantity of smoke in the left direction on the upstairs were been on the decrease.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2015

Multi-layered material (sandwich panel) consists of double-sided steel plate which is incombustible material or similar material and core material which is not incombustible material. In case of sandwich panel which uses combustible material as insulation, flames spread inside the steel plate at the time of fire so that it is difficult to extinguish fire from the outside and flames spread rapidly and may cause the building to collapse. The current Building Act requires the sandwich panel to secure fire-retardant performance according to the purpose and size of building. In this study, the fire spreading prevention structure applied to partial exterior walls was applied to multi-layered material and its effect was measured through full scale fire test and the possibility to secure fire safety of buildings by applying the fire spreading prevention structure to multi-layered material in future was presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.333-334
• /
• 2006

Extinguishing a fire at an early stage is most important to prevent spreading of a fire in Unmanned Engine Room. The most proper fire extinguish system was analyzed after examining the Automatic spread Extinguish System, which is mostly installed in Unmanned Engine Room, reproduced in the condition of real Unmanned Engine Room.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2019

Recently, due to the efforts to mitigate traffic congestion and expansion of space efficiency, the construction of underground roads has been increased in big-scale cities. Since tunnels in the city have a higher chance for a fire leading to a great tragedy during a severe traffic jam than mountain tunnels, it is highly likely that it will be constructed as a tunnel, having a small cross section, for small vehicles. However, if they are constructed as such small-vehicle tunnels, it would be possible to reduce the design fire intensity while the concentration of harmful gases would increase due to a reduction in the small cross sectional area, led by a decrease in the tunnel height. In this study, behaviors of fire smoke by the installation interval and format of large-scale exhaust-gas ports were examined and compared in the analysis of temperatures and CO concentrations of a tunnel and its results were as the following. Although there were no significant differences in the smoke spreading distance between installation intervals, but in this study, 100 m was found to be the most effective installation interval. The smoke exhaustion performance was found to be excellent in the order of $4m{\times}3m$, $6m{\times}2m$, and $3m{\times}2m$ (2 lane) of the smoke spreading distance. Although there was no significant difference in the smoke spreading distance between formats of large-scale exhaust-gas ports, it was found that the smoke spreading distance was larger than other cases when it was $3m{\times}2m$ in the fire growing process. The analysis of smoke spreading distances by the aspect ratio showed that a smoke spreading distance was shorted when its the smoke spreading distance was found to be shorter when its traverse distance was relatively longer than its longitudinal distance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2014

Understanding the forest fire patterns is necessary to comprehend the stability of the forest ecosystems. Thus, researchers have suggested the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread dynamics, which enables us to predict the forest damage in the scenarios that are difficult to be experimentally tested in laboratory scale. However, many of the models have the limitation that many of them did not consider the complicated environmental factors, such as fuel types, wind, and moisture. In this study, we suggested a simple model with the factors, especially, the geomorphological structure of the forest and two types of fuel. The two fuels correspond to susceptible tree and resistant tree with different probabilities of transferring fire. The trees were randomly distributed in simulation space at densities ranging from 0.5 (low) to 1.0 (high). The susceptible tree had higher value of the probability than the resistant tree. Based on the number of burnt trees, we then carried out the sensitivity analysis to quantify how the forest fire patterns are affected by the structure and tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.280-283
• /
• 2003

A purpose of our research is an acquisition of cooperative behaviors in inhomogeneous multi-agent system. In this research, we used the fire panic problem as an experiment environment. In Fire panic problem a fire exists in the environment, and follows in each steps of agent's behavior, and this fire spreads within the constant law. The purpose of the agent is to reach the goal established without touching the fire, which exists in the environment. The fire heat up by a few steps, which exists in the environment. The fire has unsureness to the agent. The agent has to avoid a fire, which is spreading in environment. The acquisition of the behavior to reach it to the goal is required. In this paper, we observe how agents escape from the fire cooperating with other agents. For this problem, we propose a unique CMAC based Q-learning system for inhomogeneous multi-agent system.