• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-104
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• 2010

Recently, ubiquitous sensor network (USN) has been applied to many areas including environment monitoring. A few studies applied the USN to disaster prevention and emergency management, in particular, aiming to conserve cultural heritage. USN is an useful technology to do online real-time monitoring for the purpose of early detection of the fire which is a critical cause of damage and destruction of cultural heritages. It is necessary to online monitor the cultural heritages that human has a difficulty to access or their external appearance and beauty are important, by using the USN. However, there exists false warning from USN-based monitoring systems without human intervention. In this paper, we presented an alternative to resolve the problem by applying ontology. Our intelligent fire early detection systems for conserving cultural heritages are based on ontology and inference rules, and tested under laboratory environments.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose the construction of an IOT that monitors foresters' physical abnormalities in real time, performs emergency measures, and provides alarms for natural disasters or heatstroke such as a nearby forest fire or landslide. Nodes provided to foresters include 6-axis sensors, temperature sensors, GPS, and LoRa, and transmit the measured data to the network server through the gateway using LoRa communication. The network server uses 6-axis sensor data to determine whether or not a forester has any signs of abnormal body, and performs emergency measures by tracking GPS location. After analyzing the temperature data, it provides an alarm when there is a possibility of heat stroke or when a forest fire or landslide occurs in the vicinity. In this paper, it was confirmed that the real-time detection of physical abnormalities of foresters and the establishment of disaster early warning IOT is possible by analyzing the data obtained by constructing a node and a gateway and constructing a network server.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2017

In this paper, we present Emergency exit signs are installed to provide escape routes or ways in buildings like shopping malls, hospitals, industry, and government complex, etc. and various other places for safety purpose to aid people to escape easily during emergency situations. In case of an emergency situation like smoke, fire, bad lightings and crowded stamped condition at emergency situations, it's difficult for people to recognize the emergency exit signs and emergency doors to exit from the emergency building areas. This paper propose an automatic emergency exit sing recognition to find exit direction using a smart device. The proposed approach aims to develop an computer vision based smart phone application to detect emergency exit signs using the smart device camera and guide the direction to escape in the visible and audible output format. In this research, a CAMShift object tracking approach is used to detect the emergency exit sign and the direction information extracted using template matching method. The direction information of the exit sign is stored in a text format and then using text-to-speech the text synthesized to audible acoustic signal. The synthesized acoustic signal render on smart device speaker as an escape guide information to the user. This research result is analyzed and concluded from the views of visual elements selecting, EXIT appearance design and EXIT's placement in the building, which is very valuable and can be commonly referred in wayfinder system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

This paper proposes an effective, four-stage smoke detection method based on video that provides emergency response in the event of unexpected hazards in early fire-alarming systems. In the first phase, an approximate median method is used to segment moving regions in the present frame of video. In the second phase, a color segmentation of smoke is performed to select candidate smoke regions from these moving regions. In the third phase, a feature extraction algorithm is used to extract five feature parameters of smoke by analyzing characteristics of the candidate smoke regions such as area randomness and motion of smoke. In the fourth phase, extracted five parameters of smoke are used as an input for a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm to identify whether the candidate smoke regions are smoke or non-smoke. Experimental results indicate that the proposed four-stage smoke detection method outperforms other algorithms in terms of smoke detection, providing a low false alarm rate and high reliability in open and large spaces.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

A public address (PA) system installed in a building is a system that delivers alerts, announcements, instructions, etc. in an emergency or disaster situation. As for the products used in PA systems, with the development of information and communication technology, PA products with various functions have been introduced to the market. PA systems recently launched in the market may be connected through a single network to enable efficient management and operation, or use voice recognition technology to deliver quick information in case of an emergency. In addition, a system capable of locating a user inside a building using a location-based service and guiding or responding to a safe area in the event of an emergency is being launched on the market. However, the new PA systems currently on the market add some functions to the existing PA system configuration to make system operation more convenient, but they do not change the complex PA system configuration to reduce facility costs, maintenance, and management costs. In this paper, we propose a novel PA system configuration for buildings using audio networks and control hierarchy over peer-to-peer (Anchor) technology based on audio over IP (AoIP), which simplifies the complex PA system configuration and enables convenient operation and management. As a result of the study, through the emergency signal processing algorithm, fire broadcasting was made possible according to the detection of the existence of a fire signal in the Anchor system. In addition, the control device of the PA system was replaced with software to reduce the equipment installation cost, and the PA system configuration was simplified. In the future, it is expected that the PA system using Anchor technology will become the standard for PA facilities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.134-139
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• 2010

According to the "Yearbook of disaster response, fire safety and fire statistics (NEMA: National Emergency Management Agency)", approximately 34% of all fire is interior fire such as hotel, restaurant and residence and more than 53% of which is occurring in the kitchen. The evaluation of fire extinguishing system in the kitchen is performed in accordance with the "Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Standard (KOFEIS 0101-1)" which is using one environmental condition. However, only using one environmental condition is not enough to evaluate the performance of the automatic fire extinguisher in kitchen fire. So the study of fire detecting characteristic about various environmental condition needs. In this study, the numerical analysis is carried out about detecting time characteristic for various range's surrounding environment. As a result, it showed up to 100 s difference in the detection time depending on the position of the range. And detecting time also showed difference for on-off hood operation. From this results, it can be verify and improve the evaluation standard for the fire extinguishing system in kitchen fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

In Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) disaster, integrated and optimized equipment package including stretcher, isolation unit, patient monitoring and treatment equipment is essential to achieve proper treatment and prevent secondary contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and ease of use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package for disaster medical response. This study was a randomized crossover study using a manikin simulation for emergency medical technitian (EMT). All participants used the existing devices and prototype of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package alternately. Efficiency was measured by time from vital sign change to detection or treatment application. Ease was use was measured by questionnaires for each patient monitor, stretcher care and isolation unit. 12 EMTs were enrolled. hypoxia-detection time of integrated equipment group was significantly shorter than existing equipment group (4.9 s (3.8-3.9) vs 3.5 s (2.5-3.9), p < 0.05). There was decreasing tendency of ECG change detection and facial mask oxygen supply but no statistical significance was observed. Overall satisfaction of patient monitoring device in integrated equipment group was significantly higher than existing devices (4(3.5-5) vs 3(3-3), p < 0.05). The use of integrated CBRN disaster equipment package shortened the hypoxia detection time and improved usability of vital sign monitor compared to existing devices.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

The dimensioning accidental loads have been selected through suitable quantitative risk assessment and generally utilized important factors for offshore facility design. The fire hazard can be quantified with dimensioning fire loads. The main purposes of fire protection are to maintain the functionality of safety systems within evacuation period and to prevent the escalation from initial fire to uncontrolled catastrophic fire. This paper introduces the applications and the design methods of active and passive fire protections as representative measures of fire protection of offshore facilities. The passive fire protection requires the high initial installation cost and much difficulty on the operation of facilities and their maintenance. The oil major clients have asked the design contractors of offshore facilities to optimize the amount of passive fire protection with relevant engineering technology recently.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.181-187
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• 2006

This paper is proposed to a solar cell power system used in fire emergency equipment. Also it is designed with a high efficiency power converter in order to increase efficiency of power system. The controlling switches used in DC-DC booster chopper and DC-AC inverter are operated with soft switching, which is applied to resonant circuit method to reduce switching loss. The result is that the system gets to high efficiency. In this paper, A detection circuit of maximum power point of solar cell is described in this paper. And the performance evaluations for the photovoltaic power system of high efficiency are examined by the analysis of a new tracking controller with a maximum power $P_{max}$ detection of solar cell.