• Computers and Concrete
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Experimentally predicting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete (for a mix design) is a time-consuming and laborious process. The present study aims to propose surrogate models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning techniques, which can predict the CS of concrete containing nano-silica. Content of cement, aggregates, nano-silica and its fineness, water-binder ratio, and the days at which strength has to be predicted are the input variables. The efficiency of the models is compared in terms of Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Variance Account For (VAF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and RMSE to observation's standard deviation ratio (RSR). It has been observed that the SVM outperforms GPR in predicting the CS of the concrete containing nano-silica.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.183-199
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• 2017

This paper reports an experimental study into the rheological behaviour of Smart Dynamic Concrete (SDC). The investigation is aimed at quantifying the effect of the varying amount of mineral admixtures on the rheology, setting time and compressive strength of SDC containing natural sand and crushed sand. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in conjunction with the mineral admixtures was used in different replacement ratio keeping the mix paste volume (35%) and water binder ratio (0.4) constant at controlled laboratory atmospheric temperature ($33^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$). The results show that the properties and amount of fine aggregate have a strong influence on the admixture demand for similar initial workability, i.e., flow. The large amounts of fines and lower value of fineness modulus (FM) of natural sand primarily increases the yield stress of the SDC. The mineral admixtures at various replacement ratios strongly contribute to the yield stress and plastic viscosity of SDC due to inter particle friction and cohesion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.385-390
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• 1997

In the mixing proportion of high flowing concrete we have to use quantity of power such as cement and superplasticizer, and increase the proportion of fine aggregate more than that of plain concrete to increase flowability and segregation resistance. Therefore, the fresh state of high flowing concrete is largely affected by superplasticizer and change of grade the percentage of surface water. This study aims at development of self-filling up high flowing concrete without compaction, in case of using the fine aggregate of standard grade range, by examination on the influence of fresh state of high flowing concrete, and by understanding influence on various fluidity such as flowability, reinforcement passibility, fillingability, segregation resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2015

As the result of uniaxial compression strength test on the CLMS mixing BFS and SS with BFS 4000, it required to determine the desired strength through increasing unit quantity of cement in mixing process because of dramatic strength deterioration of strength according to increasing replacing rate. In this study's result, regardless of differences in fine aggregates used, in order to get uniaxial compression strength in the scope exceeding criteria of minimum strength for applying to the field, the most reasonable combination was to mix replacing BFS with fineness of 6000 in 30%. For the CLMS mixing BFS and SS, in order to improve flow ability by securing quantity of minimum unit and to repress bleeding rate with securing uniaxial compress strength considering the field applicability, regardless of differences in fine aggregates used, to mix BFS over 6000 in 30% was most effective.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2003

Development of the construction industry generally exhausts natural aggregate. Hence it is problem to the lack of supply and quality deterioration, so the resource saving and protection of environment is made an effort through recycling by-product. This study presents that fundamental properties of concrete which used cooper slag as alternate sand of low fineness modulus and plan of cooper slag as concrete aggregate. Testing factors are concrete's slump, air contents, unit weight and compressive strength. The results of this study are as follows; (1) Concrete slump is generally satisfied with the condition but is inferior to the others in substitution rates 30%. Also air contents are 3.1-4.1% and go up according to increase substitution rate. (2) Unit weight increase in 1.1% as the mixing ratio of cooper slag argument 10%. (3) compressive strength of cooper slag concrete is similar to plain and especially higher 11-15% in W/C 45%, 50%. So it seems that aggregate mixed cooper slag is suitable to low water-cement ratio mixture.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

Porous Concrete usually contains large amount of voids(about 10∼20%) after compaction so that it has relatively high permeability. It has been introduced in domestic since early 1980's but it has problems such as lack of optimized mixture, low strength and durability, and other defects, etc. The purpose of this study is to manufacture high-performance porous concrete using polymer to enhance the mechanical properties. The results of this study are as follows; the compressive strength range 12 92∼207kgf/㎠, the tensile strength range is 14∼28kgf/㎠, the bending stength range is 42∼73kgf/㎠, and the coefficient permeability range is 5.77×10-2∼6.79×10-1cm/sec. To develope high-performance porous concrete. further studies are needed on optimum mixture of fineness modulus and admixture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.393-394
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• 2009

Recently, various researchers have studied alkali-activated concrete that do cementless as the binder. This study analyzed the effect on alkali-activated mortar by fineness of blast slag as the binder with no use of cement, by observing workability and compressive strength.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.677-680
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• 2008

The surface of particles was energetically modified by inter-grinding OPC and BFS in vibration mill for improvement of the early strength and low-heat evolution of concretes. BFS was pre-grinding in ball-mill to 2535(BS2) and 3245 $cm^2/g$(BS3), in blaine surface area. The inter-grinding time in vibration mill was changed from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. And Mixing ration of BFS to OPC was changed in 60, 70, 80%. After inter-grinding, the change of specific surface area, particle size distribution, hydration heat of cement and compressive strength of mortar were measured. As the result of comparison test with LHC, it was found that the mixture and inter-grinding time satisfying the value of over 100% of compressive strength for 7 days and under 170J/g of heat of hydration for 72 hours. and it was confirmed that the possibility of low heat slag cement utilizing blast furnace slag(BS2, BS3) with the low fineness in high volumes.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.400-408
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• 2003

Chloride ion inside concrete destroys the so-called passive film surrounding reinforcing bars inside concrete so that the so-called salt attack accelerates corrosion which is the most critical factor for durability as well as structural safety of reinforced concrete structures. Recently, as a solution of the salt attack, the ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBFS) have been used as binder or blended cement more extensively. In this paper, characteristics of chloride ion diffusion for the GGBFS concrete, which is known to possess better resistance to damage due to the chloride ion penetration than ordinary portland cement(OPC) concrete possesses, are analyzed and a chloride ion diffusion model for the GGBFS concrete is proposed by modifying an existing diffusion model for the OPC concrete. The proposed model is verified by comparing diffusion analysis results using the model accelerated chloride penetration test results for concrete specimens as well as field test results for an RC bridge pier. Then, an optimal resistance condition to chloride penetration for the GGBFS concrete is obtained according to degrees of fineness and replacement ratios of the GGBFS concrete. The result shows that the GGBFS concrete has better resistance to chloride ion penetration than OPC concrete has and the resistance is more affected by the replacement ratio than the degree of fineness of the GGBFS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

This study carried out a Mock-up test to apply Low-heat Cement (CF) that is adjusted to a fineness of $3,000\;{\pm}\;200\;cm^2/g$ by substituting Coarse particle Cement (CC) and fly ash with ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), then applied it on-site. The result of the test is as follows. The Mock-up test showed that the amount of admixture in CF increased SP agent and AE agent slightly more compared to OPC, while temperature history showed that the highest temperature of CF was around $6{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower than that of OPC. Compressive strength in CF was low compared to that of OPC, but the strength width became narrow at the age of 28 days, which is not considered to be significant. In on-site application, slump, air content and chloride content all satisfied the target values, while the temperature history showed that the highest temperature in the center by each cast was about $34^{\circ}C$ in the first cast, $42^{\circ}C$ in the second cast, and $39^{\circ}C$ in the third cast. Compressive strength of specimen for strut management showed low value compared to standard curing, but its strength was reduced at the age of 28 days.