• Language and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1.1-20
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• 2000

This paper deals with the aspects of meaning of verbal humor that are responsible for eliciting laughs. It is generally accepted that the perception of incongruity is involved in the experience of humor, but few clear definitions or explanations have been given of the nature of this incongruity. Among the few, Curc (1995, 1997, 1998), for example, tries to analyze verbal humor, specifically the relation between a stimulus and the hearer's interpretation of it, in line with the principle of relevance (Spreber and Wilson 1986, 1995). However, as he admits, his account covers only a limited amount of cases. This paper will delve into the meaning of humor with extensive data and present a set of individual mechanisms involved in humor. It will also propose a new conceptual theory of humor that persuasively accounts for the mechanisms of humor as a whole.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2001

The major objective of this study is provide to basic data for developing of new chicken products. The findings from this study are as follow. Eating times of chicken is increased in comparison with National Livestock Cooperative Federation(NLCF) & Korea Chicken Council(KCC)s survey results. Consumers are frequently having fried chicken and this results are no difference in KCCs survey results. In eating place of chicken, consumers are mostly preferred to have chicken at home. In the use of chicken consumption, the ratio of replacing meal is high and this is no difference in previous study. However there are a few differences in consumption behavior by age and gender.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2001

An inverse heat conduction problem(IHCP) arises when unknown heat fluxes and whole temperature field are to be found with temperature measurements of a few points. In this paper, observers are proposed as solution algorithm for the IHCP. A 1-dimensional heat transfer problem is modeled with modal analysis and state space equations. Position of the heat source is estimated through test heat inputs and the autocorrelation among a few of temperature data. The modified Bass-Gura method is used to design a state observer to estimate the intensity of heat source and the whole temperature field of a 1-dimensional body. To verify the reliability of this estimator, analytic solutions obtained from the proposed method are compared.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper aims to review cold chain management, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, to explore the cold chain process of delivering temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products, and to identify areas for further development. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper, based on literature review and corporate analysis, reviews the development and status of the cold supply chain system, including its important role in the pharmaceutical industry. Results - Logistics in this field requires more stages than are typically needed. Due to the unique characteristics of the market, few companies can provide the services; currently, only few global companies with large networks and high technologies can afford to do so. Expanding pharmaceutical markets to meet global demand will require cold chain development, especially in "pharmerging" markets. Conclusions - Cold chain is a highly sensitive market in terms of products being carried within the chain that itself is a complex system. However, at the same time, it is a niche market with new opportunities. Hence, a sound cold chain infrastructure is needed to satisfy companies, governments, and customers for both commercial and public reasons.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1987

In clinical applications of hyperthermia, temperatures can be measured at only a few locations, whereas accurate temperature profiles need to be known for efficient therapy. For doing this, bio-heat transfer equation was modified into 1 dimensional 2 boundary value problem for simplicity and the efficiency of time, and solved by Galerkin's method. The results were then applied to annular array transducer for both the calculation of its axial temperature distribution and the estimation of temperature profiles from a few measured temperature data.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

The circumstances surrounding world ports have changed rapidly and port competition to attract cargoes has been increasing fiercely. Specifically, deploying large container vessels resulted fewer port visits and strategic alliance among liner shipping companies. Recently, many studies have worked for improving port competitiveness. However, these studies were limited to evaluation of only port competitiveness and few studies suggested strategies for reinforcing port competitiveness. Although implications of these previous studies are practically available to build policies for port, there have been very few academic studies such as identifying port competitiveness and port selection with related attributes for reasonable evaluation and analysis. Therefore, this study aims to classify the existing studies, which dealt with port selection problem, based on basic structure that was suggested by Murphy (1992). Furthermore, the conceptual definition will be carried out by comparison analysis in terms of time of study, type of data and methodology and decision factor of each study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.565-570
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• 1998

Recently a few MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage ($\mu$ SMES) devices become commerci-ally available as one of the energy storage devices for uniterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. For such a ($\mu$ SMES) devics, a few kA class superconducting cables with high current density, high stability and excellent pulse characteristics are required. To acquire data for the superconduction cables related to design and fabrication of a 0.7 MJ $\mu$ SMES device, we tested critical currents and quench characteristics for several winding tensions and various remping rates especially. It is shown from the results that winding tensions have much influence on quench currents of the $\mu$ SMES devices.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 2017

In this work, we present a facile one-pot synthesis of a multilayer-structured platy alumina/few-layer graphene nanocomposite by planetary milling and hot pressing. The sintered composites have electrical conductivity exhibiting percolation behavior (threshold ~ 0.75 vol.%), which is much lower than graphene oxide/ceramic composites (> 3.0 vol.%). The conductivity data are well-described by the percolation theory, and the fitted exponent values are estimated to be 1.65 and 0.93 for t and q, respectively. The t and q values show conduction mechanisms intermediate between 2D- and 3D, which originates from quantum tunneling between nearest neighbored graphenes.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.107-122
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• 1997

According as the aging procese have been high, last stage patient become more important. Therefore, todays hospice ward of hospital is glandized, specified too. However, its study is few performed in domestic and its architectural planning data is few obtained. Therefore, this study aims to represent the standard of the architectural planning of the hospice ward in hospital. As its method, the present conditions, the interview with staffs, space programs of 4 hospice ward were investigated and analyzed, add to 2 free standing hospice were selected, theirs architectural space programing were studied.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

State highway agencies (SHAs) typically apply a competitive procurement procedure to select contractors for their design-bid-build projects. Since the level of competition affects construction bid prices and project outcomes, the Federal Highway Agency (FHWA) suggests SHAs seek ways to improve competition among contractors continuously. However, they rarely conduct an empirical assessment of the current competition level necessary to identify room for improvement. Besides the number of bidders on a project, other factors such as winning or losing rates among the contractors in previous projects can also indicate the degree of competition; only a few contractors may have won the majority of the projects in a specific region. However, few studies have investigated such factors. This paper proposes a network analysis-based approach to evaluating contractor competition levels of highway projects using historical bid tabulation data. The proposed method provides insights into overall competition levels, the determination of competitive contractors, and winning rate distribution among contractors.