• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Application of urea may increase $CO_2$ emission from soils due both to $CO_2$ generation from urea hydrolysis and fertilizer-induced decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing urea application on $CO_2$ emission from soil and mineralization kinetics of indigenous SOC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Emission of $CO_2$ from a soil amended with four different rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 mg N/kg soil) of urea was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment for 110 days. Cumulative $CO_2$ emission ($C_{cum}$) was linearly increased with urea application rate due primarily to the contribution of urea-C through hydrolysis to total $CO_2$ emission. First-order kinetics parameters ($C_0$, mineralizable SOC pool size; k, mineralization rate) became greater with increasing urea application rate; $C_0$ increased from 665.1 to 780.3 mg C/kg and k from 0.024 to 0.069 $day^{-1}$, determinately showing fertilizer-induced SOC mineralization. The relationship of $C_0$ (non-linear) and k (linear) with urea-N application rate revealed different responses of $C_0$ and k to increasing rate of fertilizer N. CONCLUSION(s): The relationship of mineralizable SOC pool size and mineralization rate with urea-N application rate suggested that increasing N fertilization may accelerate decomposition of readily decomposable SOC; however, it may not always stimulate decomposition of non-readily decomposable SOC that is protected from microbial decomposition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The veterinary antibiotics treated to livestock have a potential risk to reach to soil and water environment, and eventually be taken up by plants. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of zeolite and shell meal fertilizer amendment on antibiotic uptake by plant when veterinary antibiotics in chicken manure compost were applied to agricultural land. Model antibiotics used in the study were chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and sulfamethazine (SMT). Chlortetracycline level in lettuce was decreased to less than $0.08ug\;kg^{-1}$ by application of zeolite as compared with about $0.26ug\;kg^{-1}$ for control without amendment on 33 days after transplanting. Tylosin was not detected for all the treatment. Sulfamethazine levels in lettuce ranged from 11 to $19{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ on a fresh weight basis and gradually decreased with time. Zeolite application decreased the SMT levels in lettuce by greater extent than shell meal fertilizer amendments. Results from the 61-d greenhouse experiment imply that application of zeolite at a rate of $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ or shell meal fertilizer at a rate of $2.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ can reduce CTC and SMT concentration in lettuce cultivated in soil fertilized with antibiotic-contaminated chicken manure compost.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권Spc호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2009

은나노입자는 살균 효과 때문에 농업현장에서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 은나노입자가 토질에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 많은 정보가 없다. 그러므로 비료가 처리 되었을 때 특히 토양에 은나노입자를 처리한 효과에 대한 검증이 반드시 필요하다. 가리계 비료를 모의 실험하기 위해서 토양에 염화가리를 은나노입자와 함께 처리하였다. 은과 염소의 농도는 처리 후 78 내지 84% 그리고 kg 당 3.4 mg 정도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 은나노입자와 염화가리를 혼합하였을 때 미생물의 숫자가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 비료시용은 토양에서 은나노입자의 살생물 효과에 영향을 미친다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1963

1. 본시험은 심경, 밀식, 다시의 3요인으로 된 36조합중 최고의 증수를 기할 수 있는 합리적인 조합을 발견하려는데 목적이 있다. 2. 수량구성요소인 평당수수와 평당입수의 비교에서는 표준시비구에서 심경 15cm 400주구, 2배시비구에서 30cm 300주구가, 그리고 3배시비구에서는 30cm 300주구와 45cm 400주구가 큰 값을 보였다. 3. 현미중에서 볼 때 각요인별 분산비는 시비량, 경운심도, 평당수수의 순이고 모두 유의성을 보였다. 요인상호간 교호작용에서는 심도x비료, 심도x밀도, 비료x밀도의 순이었으며 모두 유의성을 나타냈다. 3요인으로 된 36조합중 30cm의 심경작토에 200∼300주의 밀식을 하고 2배의 시비를 한 구가 최고의 수량을 보임으로써 적합조합으로 인정되었다. 4. 본시험은 충북청주에 위치한 식양토의 포장에서 행하여진 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 1982

1974년(年)부터 1981년(年)까지의 연초경작지별(煙草耕作地別) 각종(各種) 비료시험성적(肥料試驗成績)을 수집(蒐集), 정리(整理)하여 비옥도(肥沃度)가 상이(相異)한 경작지토양(耕作地土壤)에서의 무비구 수량별(收量別) 표준시비량(標準施肥量)(10-15-20, 125kg/10a) 시비시(施肥時)의 잎담배 수량(收量) 및 품질(品質)과의 관계를 검토(檢討)하였다. 무비구 수량(收量)이 높은 (비옥도(肥沃度)가 높은) 토양(土壤)일수록 수량(收量)은 대수곡선적인 증가를 보이나 품질(品質)은 저하(低下)하는 유의성(有意性)있는 상관을 보였다. 표준시비량(標準施肥量)이 적용(適用)되는 적정비옥도(適正肥沃度)는 무비구 수량(收量)이 81kg/10a되는 비옥도(肥沃度)를 갖는 토양(土壤)이며, 무비구 수량(收量)이 이보다 많은 경작지(耕作地)에서는 현시비추천량(現施肥推薦量)이 적량인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 무비구 수량(收量)을 기준(基準)으로 적정시비량(適正施肥量)을 추정(推定)할 수 있을 것으로 기대(期待)되며, 더 나아가서 무비구 수량(收量)을 지배(支配)하는 환경요인(環境要因) 및 토양이화학적(土壤理化學的) 요인(要因)이 밝혀지면 이 인자(因子)로써 적정시비량(適正施肥量)을 추천(推薦)할 수 있는 평가방법이 구명(究明)될 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2015

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the continuous production and environmental conservation in arable soils. In particular, the decomposition of organic matter in soil might promote soil organic matter and fertility due to the mineralization of N. In this study, to evaluate the effect of organic matter amendment on the C mineralization and N dynamic, $CO_2-C$ flux, extractable N and $N_2O$ emission were determined using closed chamber for 4 weeks at 10, 15, $20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature after the mixture of $2Mgha^{-1}$ rice straw compost and rye in sandy loam and clay loam. Regardless of soil texture, decomposition rates of rice straw compost and rye at $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature ranged from 0.9 to 3.8% and 8.8 to 20.3%, respectively. Rye application in soil increased $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ content as well as the $N_2O$ emission compared to the rice straw compost. After incubation for 4 weeks, total C content in two soils was higher in rice straw compost than in rye application. In conclusion, application of rice straw compost and rye to soil was able to improve the soil organic matter and fertility. However, organic matter including the recalcitrant compounds like rice straw compost would be effective on the management of soil organic matter and the reduction of greenhouse gases in soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

An accurate analysis of nutrient balance in different cropping systems is necessary for improving soil fertilities, causing higher crop yields and quality. This study was carried out to investigate the nutrient balance, changes in soil properties, and their effects on crop yield in long-term field cultivation under mono- and rotation-cropping systems (MCS and RCS, respectively). The analytical results of the soil properties showed that the application of mineral fertilizers alone in the MCS leads the reduction of soil CEC, exchangeable Ca, and microbial biomass C and N. Compared with the MCS of soybean, the RCS of soybean and barley significantly improved the soil properties, which increased crop yield. It might be due to the barley residue added to the RCS soil. Mean nutrient balances for 4 years were -55.9 kg N, +34.7 kg $P_2O_5$, and -0.3 kg $K_2O$ $ha^{-1}$ for the MCS and +19.7 kg N, +107.4 kg $P_2O_5$, and -48.6 kg $K_2O$ $ha^{-1}$ for the RCS, respectively. These nutrient imbalances mean that conventional fertilizer recommendations were inadequate for maintaining soil nutrient balance. From these results, we can conclude that the crop rotation may change comprehensive physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. These changes could affect the nutrient balance and then the crop yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2015

Our government has performed to support the nation-wide application of customized fertilizer based on soil-testing results and crop nutrient balance in order to promote the environment-friendly agriculture and to respond the global environment guide-line since 2010. This study was performed at the selected local paddy fields (Hwaseong-si, Uiseong-gun and Miryang-si) with different soil chemical properties in 2012. The contents of amino acids measured showed an increasing trend with fertilization, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid followed by aspartic acid, leucine and alanine. However, valine, isoleusine, tyrosine and lysine were not significantly affected by fertilization. The significant differences in grain N, expressed as a crude protein, and amino acids dose was observed between experimental sites (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.01 to 0.001) and interaction of both factors (p<0.01 to 0.001). In our experiment the following order of carbon skeleton backbones to produce amino acids was observed irrespective of experiment sites and fertilization: ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate > oxalate > pyruvate > 3-phosphoglycerate > phosphoenolpyruvate. In conclusion, customized fertilizer had no difference in amino acids compared to the conventional-NPK practice which was higher than in no fertilization, and also the normal paddy represented slightly higher amino acids compared to the reclaimed. Further study based on the present results is required to investigate what is main factor to amino acids between genetic and environmental factors.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 1984

비료자원(肥料資源)으로서 기대(期待) 되는 맥주(麥酒) 부숙오니(腐熟汚泥)의 시용(施用) 효과(效果) 및 시용량(施用量)에 대(對)하여 평택식양토(平澤埴壤土)에 서광(曙光)벼를 공시(供試)한 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로부터 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 부숙오니(腐熟汚泥)는 질소비료(窒素肥料)의 공급원(共給源)으로서 유효(有效)하다. 2. 부숙오니(腐熟汚泥)는 화학비료(化學肥料)와 병용(倂用)할 때 더 효과적(效果的)이며 화학비료(化學肥料) ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$)7.5-10-10kg/10a를 사용(使用)하였을 때는 10a당(當) 오니(汚泥) 450kg, 화학비료(化學肥料) 15-10-10kg/10a를 사용(使用)하였을 때는 오니(汚泥) 약(約)350kg 시용(施用)에서 최고(最高) 수량(收量)을 생산(生産)하였다 3. 화학비료(化學肥料)와 오니(汚泥)의 병용량(倂用量)이 증가(增加)하면 분얼(分蘖)이나 수수(穗數) 및 벼(식물성(植物性))의 질소함량(窒素含量)이 증가(增加)하지만 등숙율(登熟率)이 저하(低下)되어 수량(收量)이 감소(減少)된다. 4. 화학비료(化學肥料) 7.5-10-10kg/10a와 15-10-10kg/10a의 질소이용율(窒素利用率)은 각각(各各) 25, 18%이었으며 오니(汚泥)를 화학비료(化學肥料)와 병용(倂用)했을때 오니질소(汚泥窒素)의 최대이용율(最大利用率)도 약(約) 18%이었다. 오니(汚泥)를 단용(單用)하였을 때의 질소(窒素)의 이용율(利用率)은 오니(汚泥)의 시용량(施用量)이 증가(增加) 할수록 높아서 16%까지 올라 갔다.