• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.165-183
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• 2005

Total fertility rate in South Korea is the lowest in the world. A fertility rate below replacement fertility level will result in serious social problems in the long term. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study a general understanding about the low fertility rate phenomenon and to investigate the effectiveness of fertility policies in order to ameliorate the resulting social problems due to the low fertility rate. This research was a descriptive examination into the low fertility rate phenomenon and an investigation of the needs for fertility potties and their effectiveness. The study subjects were consisted of 769 unmarried people aged from 18 to 40 years old. Data were collected from June to August 2004 and were analyzed by frequencies, mean, and standard deviation. The following results were revealed. First, unmarried people in general had positive perspectives about getting marriaged, giving birth, and being a parent. In addition, the primary cause of low fertility rate was economical difficulties for raising a child. Third, unmarried people thought that the low fertility rate phenomenon resoled in both positive and negative changes in a society. Fourth, policies for economical supports for raising children, establishing social atmosphere for gender equality, and trustful public educational systems were the political alternatives that people really wanted for having a child in the future. Effective alternatives for policies and strategies to address the low fertility rate problems are suggested in the discussion section.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 1986

This study was designed to make a comparative analysis of fertility control policies in developing countries selected from Asia and Latin America. Considering the size and the density of population, the history of the fertility control policy, and the availability of references, eight countries were chosen among Asian developing countries that have adopted the fertility control as an official policy. All of nine countries in Latin America that have adopted family planning as an official policy were included in this study. An attempt was made to formulate an analytical framework to be used for a comparative analysis of fertility control policies. It can be represented by a continuum which consists of individual approaches and structural approaches to fertility control at both extremes. It represents fairly well the controversies between those who advocate family planning and those who advocate measures beyond family planning, but assumes that the two sides of the controversy form a continuum of approaches to fertility control. Various fertility control policies of each country were placed along this continuum and analyzed. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: (a) Those countries that have higher population pressure in terms of either the size of population or the population density tend to adopt fertility control policies earlier in time. (b) Those countries that have higher population pressure in terms of either the size of population or the population density tend to adopt more comprehensive measures along the continuum of fertility control policies. (c) Those countries that adopted more comprehensive measures along the continuum seem to have succeeded in reducing their level of fertility more effectively. (d) Developing countries in Asia tend to adopt more comprehensive measures to control fertility than those in Latin American countries. (e) The reduction of fertility in developing countries seems to be associated with both the fertility control policies and the level of socioeconomic development.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2012

본 연구는 그 동안 한국에서 시행되고 있는 저출산 관련 주요 정책의 효과성에 대한 분석을 시도하고자 한다. 이를 위해 저출산 관련 시책에 대한 인지도와 경험도를 검토하였으며, 이러한 인지도와 경험도가 자녀의 출산계획에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 현존 자녀수를 고려하지 않을 경우 경제적 지원 정책과 양성평등 문화조성에 대한 인지도는 출산계획의 가능성을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 현존 자녀수별로 분석할 경우 다르게 나타난다. 즉 무자녀 기혼여성들의 경우 저출산 관련 대책들에 따른 자녀출산계획의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타난다. 1자녀 기혼여성의 저출산 관련 지원정책에 대한 인지도가 추가출산계획에 미치는 영향도 모두 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타난다. 2자녀 여성의 경우에도, 저출산 정책에 대한 인지도가 추가출산계획에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 저출산 정책의 이용도의 경우에도 동일한 패턴으로 나타난다. 즉 현존 자녀수를 고려하지 않을 경우 경제적 지원, 일 가정 양립 지원, 양성평등 문화조성 등은 출산계획에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난다, 그러나 현존 자녀수별로 분석을 진행할 경우 이러한 변수들의 통계적인 유의성은 사라져 저출산 정책의 이용경험은 모두 출산계획에 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 저출산 정책을 수리할 때 자녀수에 대한 고려가 필수적임을 보여주는 것이다. 이와 함께 저출산 관련 지원정책의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나기 위해서는 보다 실질적이고 체계적인 저출산 대책이 지속적으로 추진되어야 한다는 점을 반영한 것으로 보인다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2009

The Korean Government has recently prepared the comprehensive five-year basic plan (2006-2010) to deal with low fertility and population ageing. The basic plan aims at recovering the fertility rate to the appropriate level and improving the social and economic systems in preparation for the aged society. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of fertility policies on childbirth by birth order. The data came from 1,729 adults who gave birth to babies in 2007 and 991 adults as the control group. The serial logistic regression analyses revealed that establishing the health and nutrition system for maternity and children, and expanding of tax and social insurance benefit were effective policy measures to increase childbirths of first children, while the policy measures establishing the health and nutrition system for maternity and children, supporting for daycare and pre-school education, and work-life balance were effective to childbirths of second or third children in 2007. However, the policies of supporting for costs of test-tube baby and expanding childcare infra didn't have any significant influences on childbirths in 2007. The implications of study results were discussed.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2024

본 연구는 육아 인력 비용이 출산율에 미치는 영향을 국가별로 비교 분석하였다. 북유럽 국가들의 사례에서는 포괄적인 육아 지원 정책과 육아 인력 비용 지원이 출산율에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 동아시아 국가들에서는 높은 육아 부담과 경제적 압박이 출산율 저하의 주요 원인으로 작용하였다. 개발도상국의 경우, 육아 지원 정책의 효과가 사회경제적 맥락에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 육아 인력 비용이 출산율에 미치는 영향이 국가별로 다양한 양상을 보이며, 효과적인 육아 지원 정책을 위해서는 각국의 상황에 맞는 맞춤형 접근이 필요함을 시사한다. 향후 육아에 대한 사회적 투자 확대와 함께 돌봄의 가치를 존중하는 문화 확산이 요구된다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

To develop policies regarding fertility and pregnancy that will be effective in preventing further declines in fertility rates in the context present-day Korea, current policies in Japan were analyzed and compared with those now being implemented in Korea. This study was structured to involve (a) comparison of maternal health projects in Korea and Japan, and (b) comparison of infertility support policies based in regional cities in Korea and Japan. Korea's Health Plan 2030 emphasizes strengthening healthcare for high-risk pregnant women, expanding investments to benefit vulnerable groups, and establishing a support system for infertile couples. In Japan, government programs involving treatment targeting infertility specifically were implemented nationwide in 2006. Wide dissemination of accurate knowledge related to pregnancy is emphasized. Also, counseling centers specializing in infertility were established by 67 local governments. We have confirmed that Korean policies include decentralization, while Japan is implementing the central government's infertility policy uniformly in all regions. Japan also adjusted its policy out of concern that problems related to infertility and childbirth will worsen due to the social disaster of COVID-19. The results indicate that providing additional support for psychological counseling may be preferable to increasing the number of in-vitro fertilization procedures. The physical burden on women may be minimized by benchmarking policies in Japan. Step-by-step application of these procedures should be systematically supported to achieve the best results.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

The fertility rate of Korea has rapidly decreased to the lowest in the World. The fertility rate below replacement fertility level might result in many social problems. First, this study investigated the cause of low fertility rate. Second, the theories of the relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were reviewed. The previous studies suggested that the fertility rate was not always related to women's employment negatively and there was mediating factors between them. Third, the various factors that mediated the negative relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were described in personal, family and social levels. Finally, this study suggested the policies and strategies to solve the low fertility rate problem in Korea.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine how married women with a child perceived the low-fertility issue in order to increase the success of policy decisions for increasing the fertility rate and to present alternatives. The study subjects were 327 married women with a child who resided in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. After the survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows. First, the married women who already had one child found it ideal to have two children. In fact, however, 36.4% had determined not to have another child, and only one parent wanted to have a second child in 26.9%. Second, they took a dismal view of the government's fertility encouragement policies, and they considered it necessary for the government to pursue a more down-to-earth measure. Third, economic aid for child rearing and education was identified as the most critical way to boost the childbirth rate. In conclusion, current national policies aimed at increasing the low-fertility rate are redundant if they are only designed to publicize government action. Actions need to be taken to assist married women in taking better advantage of the existing policies.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine support policies regarding work and family reconciliation, to suggest plans to improve workplace policies, and to suggest directions for further studies. This study looks at OECD's work-life reconciliation policies as well as family friendly workplace policies in Korea to find a way to enhance business' receptiveness and implementation of the policies. By examining women's labor conditions, this study finds that family friendly workplace policies are necessarily imminent in our society of low fertility and ageing. Along with the evaluation of benefit level and the effectiveness of current policies, this study uses data from interviews with working mothers who have had the experience of family friendly benefits. The results of the analyses suggest that the government should focus on improving the workplace environment in companies that do not show bias against the use of family friendly policies. In order to farm more successful policies, future studies are needed to analyze the changes of fertility, working conditions, support programs, and benefits.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.337-361
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• 2005

본 논문은 OECD 주요 선진국의 출산율 및 가족복지정책의 변화와 특성을 검토해 보고, 가족복지 유형별 출산율을 비교 분석해 본 후, 한국의 가족복지정책 마련에 도움이 될 수 있는 시사점을 탐색해 보았다. OECD 주요 선진국의 출산율은 1970년대에 인구대체수준 이하로 떨어졌으며, 그 이후에도 완만하게 출산율이 감소했으나, 1990년대에는 출산율이 낮아지는 국가들과 높아지는 국가들로 나누어진다. 이러한 출산율 변화 차이는 1970년대 이후 각국이 채택 추진한 가족복지정책과 상당한 관계를 갖고 있음을 암시해 주고 있다. 주요 선진국들은 1970년대 이후 출산율 감소에 관심을 갖고 인구관련 문제를 종합적으로 다루기 위해 범정부차원의 인구관련기관을 설립했으며, 가족복지 지원수준을 높여왔다. 그러나 각국의 가족복지 지원수준과 지원형태(노동중심 또는 양육중심)는 해당국가의 정치적 이념, 문화 역사적 배경, 경제환경 등에 따라 다르게 발전되어 왔다. OECD 주요 국가들의 가족복지정책을 유사한 특성을 가진 국가군으로 유형화하여 유형별 출산율을 비교해 본 결과, 가족복지 지원수준이 높을수록, 양육중심에 비해 노동중심 지원수준 비중이 높을수록 출산율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유형별 출산율 변화를 비교해 본 결과에서도 가족복지 지원수준이 높을수록, 양육중심에 비해 노동중심 지원수준 비중이 높을수록 출산율이 증가하거나 출산율 감소가 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 선진국의 출산율과 가족복지정책 분석을 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점으로는, 첫째 출산율 및 인구관련 문제를 체계적으로 연구하여 종합적인 대안을 제공해 줄 수 있는 범정부차원의 인구관련기관을 설립할 필요가 있으며, 둘째 가족수당 신설, 출산휴가와 육아휴직의 기간 연장 및 육아휴직급여의 상향조정, 공보육시설 확대 등 가족지원체계를 확대해야 하고, 셋째 양육중심(가족수당 등) 지원수준 보다 노동중심(아동보육시설, 출산휴가 등) 지원수준에 비중을 많이 둘 필요가 있고, 넷째 사회구성원, 특히 청년층에게 자녀를 기르는 것이 어렵지 않으며 행복을 가져다준다는 희망을 갖도록 하는 사회환경을 조성할 필요가 있다.