• Mycobiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2014

During a search for neuraminidase inhibitors derived from medicinal fungi, we found that the fermentation broth of Phellinus linteus exhibited potent neuraminidase inhibitory activity. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, two active compounds were purified from the ethyl acetate-soluble portion of the fermentation broth of P. linteus. These structures were identified as inotilone (1) and 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (2) by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited H1N1 neuraminidase activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 29.1 and 125.6 $125.6{\mu}M$, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. They also exhibited an antiviral effect in a viral cytopathic effect reduction assay using MDCK cells. These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 from the culture broth of P. linteus would be good candidates for the prevention and therapeutic strategies towards viral infections.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

In order to increase the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM) as an animal feed, Bacillus subtilis TP6, a previously isolated strain from an Indonesian traditional fermented soybean food, Tempeh, was used as a starter organism for solid-state fermentation. In the pre-treated SBM with water content of 60% (v/w), B. subtilis TP6 was grown to a maximum viable cell number of $3.5{\times}10^9CFU/g$. Compared to control, crude protein in Bacillus fermented SBM was increased by 16%, while raffinose, stachyose, and trypsin inhibitors were reduced by 31, 37, and 90%, respectively. The Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that proteins in the fermented SBM were remarkably hydrolyzed into smaller molecular masses, resulting in a decrease in large sized proteins. Our data suggested that B. subtilis fermentation could increase the nutritive value of SBM through reduction of anti-nutritive factors and improvement of protein quality by hydrolysis of soy protein. In addition, B. subtilis TP6 produced a functional ingredient, poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid which has various health benefits.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1983

한국산(韓國産) 대두(大豆) 4품종(品種)을 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1일(日)에서 7일(日)까지 자연발효(自然醱酵)시키며, 영양가와 효소활성의 변화 및 수분활성도(水分活性度)를 조사하고 식미검사(食味檢査)를 하였다. 대두(大豆)의 자연발효 중 pH는 6.48에서 3.93으로 떨어졌고, 적정산도는 0.3%에서 1.94%로 증가하였다. 또는 riboflavin, relative nutritive value, available lysine 함량(含量)은 각각 98에서 $309.4{\mu}g/$/100g D. B, 78.66에서 94.59%, 6.56에서 7.38mg/gN으로 상당한 증가를 나타내었다. 프로테아제(protease) 역가(力價)는 $2{\sim}3$일(日) 후 급격한 증가를 보였으며 리파아제(lipase) 역가도 거의 직선적으로 증가하였는데 반(反)하여 trypsin inhibitor와 리폭시게나아제(lipoxygenase)의 역가는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 현저하게 감소하였다. 발효대두의 등온흡습곡선(等溫吸濕曲線)을 실험에 의해 구하였고 발효에 의한 단백질 분해정도가 증가함에 따라 수분흡수능(水分吸收能)이 증가하였다. 발효대두를 이용하여 제조한 과자류 및 국수류의 식미검사 결과 성적이 양호하였으나 신맛의 개선이 요구되었고 5조의 농촌형식품(農村型食品)은 농민들의 좋은 반응을 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 1995

Extent of reduction in protein digestibility by Godulbaegi(lxeris sonchifolia H.) kimchi powder appeared to be related to the kimchi weight-to-protein weight ratio, the kind of protein sources, part of plants and fementation period. In vitro digestibilities of protein were significantly(p<0.05) reduced as the freeze dried kimchi powder weight-to-protein ration increased from 0.5 : 1.0 to 1.0 : 1.0 for all Godulbaegi samples and protein sources. Overall digestibility of protein sources in the presence of kimchi powder, the reduction ranked in the following order : soybean>casein>beef>squid. Lower(p<0.005) reduction occurred for each protein source when raw plant was exchanged for kimchi products. Some greater reduction of digestibility was noted in young plants and leaf samples than ripe or root samples. Trypsin inhibitor, which expressed as soybena trypsin inhibitor, was inversely related(r=0.8437) to in vitro protein digestibility of casein in the presence of Godulbaegi kimchi powder. More than three times of total polyphenols contained in leaves than in roots. Young leaves had 30% more total polyphenols(37.64mg/g sample) than that in ripe ones. Soaking in 5% NaCl solution for 24 hrs was markedly reduced in total polyphenols as 73% for leaves and 33% for roots. Remarkable reduction in total polyphenols was not checked during fermentation followed after soaking. Trypsin inhibitor content correlated well(r=0.8873) with total polyphenols in all of Godulbaegi samples.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.603-620
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• 2022

Human activities have caused an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in climate change that affects many factors of human life including its effect on water and food quality in certain areas with implications for human health. CH₄ and N₂O are known as potent non-CO₂ GHGs. The livestock industry contributes to direct emissions of CH₄ (38.24%) and N₂O (6.70%) through enteric fermentation and manure treatment, as well as indirect N₂O emissions via NH₃ volatilization. NH₃ is also a secondary precursor of particulate matter. Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue, including dietary management, manure treatment, and the possibility of inhibitor usage. Inhibitors, including urease and nitrification inhibitors, are widely used in agricultural fields. The use of urease and nitrification inhibitors is known to be effective in reducing nitrogen loss from agricultural soil in the form of NH₃ and N₂O and can further reduce CH₄ as a side effect. However, the effectiveness of inhibitors in livestock manure systems has not yet been explored. This review discusses the potential of inhibitor usage, specifically of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, dicyandiamide, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, to reduce emissions from livestock manure. This review focuses on the application of inhibitors to manure, as well as the association of these inhibitors with health, toxicity, and economic benefits.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 탄소원 및 질소원의 이용 패턴과 mycophenolic acid의 생성 패턴을 확인하기 위하여 먼저 5 L 발효조에서 mycophenolic acid 발효의 경시적 변화를 조사하였다. 그 다음에는 여러 가지 탄소원들이 세포 생장과 mycophenolic acid 생산에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 과당이 mycophenolic acid 발효에 가장 좋은 탄소원이었지만, 값이 고가인 단점이 있어서, 과당을 지니고 있는 설탕이 주성분인 당밀을 탄소원으로 사용한 결과 mycophenolic acid의 산업적 생산에 가장 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 당밀을 첨가한 실험구는 포도당을 탄소원으로 사용한 대조구에 비하여 발효 생산성이 2배 이상 증가하였다. 양호한 세포 생장과 높은 mycophenolic acid 생산을 얻기 위하여 다양한 무기질소원과 유기질소원에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 무기질소원들 가운데 요소는 암모늄 형태의 질소원을 천천히 공급함으로써 생장과 mycophenolic acid 생산을 저해하는 배양액의 급격한 pH 하락을 일으키지 않았다. 요소를 첨가한 실험구는 질산암모늄을 첨가한 대조구보다 발효 생산성이 3.6배 증가하였다. 카제인, 펩톤, casamino acid 같은 우유 단백질 유래 유기질소원들은 대조구에 비하여 mycophenolic acid 발효 생산성을 최고 3.4배까지 증진시켰다. 카제인의 가수분해물인 펩톤과 casamino acid는 mycophenolic acid 발효 생산성뿐만 아니라 세포 생장도 촉진하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2015

꾸지뽕 열매의 부가가치를 증대하기 위해 꾸지뽕 발효식초를 제조하고 그의 발효조건을 확립하였다. 전통발효식품으로부터 초산내성, 초산 고생산능, ethanol 내성 및 아황산 내성이 우수한 49종의 초산 균주를 분리하였고, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열의 해독 결과, Acetobacter indonesiensis, A. cerevisiae, A. orientalis, A. tropicalis, A. fabarum, A. pasteurianus 및 A. syzygii으로 동정되었다. 이들 중 GRAS 균주인 A. pasteurianus SCMA5와 SCMA6를 발효 균주로 최종 선정하였다. 최적 발효는 꾸지뽕 열매 함량이 40%(v/v)인 즙액과 5%(v/v) ethanol을 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 발효가 가장 적절하였다. 관능평가 결과, SCMA06 균주를 적용한 발효액의 선호도가 SCMA05 균주를 적용한 발효액보다 높았다. SCMA06 균주를 사용한 발효식초에서 항산화 능력을 측정하는 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성의 경우 대조구에 비해 $53.02{\pm}0.78%$이상 높게 나타났고, 항당뇨 능력을 측정하는 AGI활성은 발효 72시간에 $91.40{\pm}2.43%$ 저해능을 보여 시판중인 acarbose보다 활성이 높았다. 이번 연구는 꾸지뽕 열매를 활용한 발효식초 제조를 위한 산업화 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

Severe loss or hydrogen occurred in most anaerobic hydrogen fermentation reactors. Several selected methods were applied to suppress the consumption of hydrogen and increase the potential of production. As the first trial, pH shock was applied. The pH of reactor was dropped nearly to 3.0 by stopping alkalinity supply and on]y feeding glucose (5 g/L-d). As the pH was increase to $4.8{\pm}0.2,$ the degradation pathway was derived to solventogenesis resulting in disappearance of hydrogen in the headspace. In the aspect of bacterial community, methanogens weren't detected after 22 and 35 day, respectively. Even though, however, there was no methanogenic bacterium detected with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) method, hydrogen loss still occurred in the reactor showing a continuous increase of acetate when the pH was increased to $5.5{\pm}0.2$. This result was suggesting the possibility of the survival of spore fanning acetogenic bacteria enduring the severely acidic pH. As an alternative and additive method, nitrate was added in a batch experiment. It resulted in the increase of maximum hydrogen fraction from 29 (blank) to 61 % $(500\;mg\;NO_3/L)$. However, unfortunately, the loss of hydrogen occurred right after the depletion of nitrate by denitrification. In order to prevent the loss entangled with acetate formation, $CO_2$ scavenging in the headspace was applied to the hydrogen fermentation with heat-treated sludge since it was the primer of acetogenesis. As the $CO_2$ scavenging was applied, the maximum fraction of hydrogen was enhanced from 68 % to 87 %. And the loss of hydrogen could be protected effectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

새우에 일정량의 식염, 아질산염, 질산염 및 아스코르브산을 첨가하여 숙성시키면서, NA생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. pH는 담금직후 8.1에서 숙성 110일 후 6.5로 산성화되었다. TMAO 질소는 숙성중 감소한 반면, TMA 및 DMA질소는 증가하였다. 아질산염 첨가구는 숙성중 NDMA함량이 증가하였고, 아스코르브 산첨가구는 NDMA생성이 억제되었다. 모델계실험 결과, 새우젓의 니트로소화 최적 pH는 3.5이었고, 아스코르브산은 NDMA생성을 크게 억제시킨 반면 thiocyanate는 촉진시켰다. 본 실험 결과, 새우젓 자체에는 NDMA가 거의 검출되지 않았으나, 질산염이나 아질산염의 함량이 많은 물질과 함께 섭취된다면 위내에서 NDMA가 생성될 가능성이 충분한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.606-613
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• 1997

멸치에 일정량의 식염, 아질산염, 질산염 및 아스코르브산을 첨가하여 숙성시키면서, NA생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. pH는 담금직 후 7.1에서 숙성 110일 후 5.5로 산성화되었다. TMAO 질소는 숙성 중 감소한 반면, TMA 및 DMA질소는 증가하였다. 아질산염 첨가구는 숙성 중 NDMA 함랑이 증가하였고, 아스코르브산 첨가구는 NDMA 생성이 억제되었다. 모델계 실험 결과, 멸치젓의 니트로소화 최적 pH는 3.8이었고, 아스코르브산은 NDMA생성을 크게 억제시킨 반면 thiocyanate는 촉진시켰다. 본 실험 결 과, 멸치젓 자체에는 NDMA가 거의 검출되지 않았으나, 질산염이나 아질산염의 함량이 많은 물질과 함께 섭취된다면 위내에서 NDMA가 생성될 가능성이 충분한 것으로 판단되었다.