• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2020

Development of lightweight implant plates are important to reduce the stress shielding effect for a prosthesis of femur bone fractures. Stainless steel (SS-316L) is a widely used material for making implants. Stress shielding effect and other issues arise due to the difference in mechanical properties of stainless steel when compared with bone. To overcome these issues, composite materials seem to be a better alternative solution. The comparison is made between two biocompatible composite materials, namely Ti-hydroxyapatite and Ti-polypropylene. "Titanium (Ti)" is fiber material while "hydroxyapatite" and "polypropylene" are matrix materials. These two composites have Young's modulus closer to the bone than stainless steel. Besides the variety of bones, present paper constrained to femur bone analysis only. Being heaviest and longest, the femur is the most likely to fail among all bone failures in human. Modelling of the femur bone, screws, implant and assembly was carried out using CATIA and static analysis was carried out using ANSYS. The femur bone assembly was analyzed for forces during daily activities. Ti-hydroxyapatite and Ti-polypropylene composite implants induced more stress in composite implant plate, results less stress induced in bone leading to a reduction in shielding effect than stainless steel implant plate thus ensuring safety and quick healing for the patient.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

There were some controversies about direct cause of hip fracture. We attempted to look at 40 osteoporotic proximal femur fractures in women over 50 years between March in 1999 and Febuary in 2000. The bone density of the fracture group and the healthy 85 control group was measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The result was compared using age matched paired T test. The results were as follows ; 1. The femoral neck fractures were 14 cases and the trochanteric fractures were 26 cases. Mean age at a fracture was 67.1 years in neck fracture group and 76.5 years in trochanteric fracture. 2. In the control group, the bone density of both side of the proximal femur was measured and it showed statistically no difference between both sides in same person. 3. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral fracture group comparing with the control group. 4. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group, but there was no statistical difference in lumbar spine comparing with the control group. 5. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group. We concluded that the bone mineral densities(BMD) of proximal femur and lumbar spine had decreased in hip fractures but that the bone mineral density and T-score % of the proximal femur were statistically lower than that of the lumbar spine. We suggest that measuring the bone mineral density of the proximal femur may reflect the weakness of the proximal femur more precisely than measuring the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2008

Purpose: Heterotopic ossification in pressure sore patients is reported to rarely develop, but once it occurs, it frequently causes joint stiffness and mobilization restriction. The aim of this article is to report our experience of atypical bone growing at femur neck fracture site with chronic, extensive pressure sore in patient with paraplegia secondary to spinal injury. Methods: A 28-year-old male patient presented with atypical bone growth at femur neck fracture site with pressure sore. He had undergone atypical growth bone removal and separation of united iliac bone and femur, and then pressure sore was covered by advanced rotation flap. Results: The patient mobilized hip joint and rode in a wheelchair. Complications such as dehiscence, infection, hematoma and flap necrosis did not occur. Conclusion: We experienced successful correction of atypical bone growth removal and recovery of pressure sore. We report our experience of atypical bone growth of fracture site and the related literature was reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different patterns of bone loss between the lumbar spine and the femur after ovariectomy in rats. Methods : Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a sham operation (the sham group) or bilateral ovariectomy (the ovariectomized group). Four and eight weeks after operation, six rats from each of the two groups were euthanized. Serum biochemical markers of bone turnover including osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are sensitive biochemical markers of bone formation, and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX), which is a sensitive biochemical marker of bone resorption, were analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebrae and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : Ovariectomized rats were found to have higher osteocalcin, ALP and CTX levels than sham controls. Additionally, 8 weeks after ovariectomy in the OVX group, serum levels of osteocalcin, ALP and CTX were significantly higher than those of 4 weeks after ovariectomy. Bone loss after ovariectomy was more extensive in the 4th lumbar spine compared to the femur. Bone loss in the 4th lumbar spine was mainly caused by trabecular thinning, but in the femur, it was mainly caused by trabecular elimination. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates different patterns of bone loss between the 4th lumbar spine and the femur in ovariectomized rats. Therefore, when considering animal models of osteoporosis, it is important that bone sites should be taken into account.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2001

This study explored the effect of calcium levels and/or ovariectomy on bone composition and its related factors using the female Sprague-Dawley rats which achieved peak bone mass in normal(0.5%) calcium intake during growth period. The rats were randomly divided into six groups and fed 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5% calcium diets for 8 weeks after ovariectomized and sham operation. The results indicated that body weight gain was higher in ovariectomized groups than sham groups, regardless of dietary calcium levels and food intakes. Serum Ca and P concentrations were normal level regardless of dietary calcium levels and operation. Estrogen concentration was decreased in ovariectomized rat groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline were increased in ovariectomized groups. When rats were fed normal Ca diet during growing period, weight, length and breaking force of femur were not significantly different in all groups but increased the same level. Generally, lipid contents in lumbar and femur were lower in low calcium groups and this effect was more pronounced in femur. In case of femur, the significant decrease in Ca contents of bone was observed in a relatively short period of feeding low Ca diet, even though it appeared th desirable peak bone mass had achieved through the growing period by supplementing the adequate amount of calcium. The marked decrease of estrogen levels after ovariectomy did not seem to influence greatly bone parameters measured except bone wet weight. Therefore, this study indicated that lower intake of Ca might be more important determinating factor against osteoporosis than postmenopausal state stimulated by ovariectomy in female rats. With normal or high intake of Ca it appears possible to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal period, and this might apply only in case of achieving peak bone mass in the growing with the adequate intake of calcium. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 532∼540, 2001)

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the systemic osteoporosis on radiographic density of alveolar bone and cortical thickness of mandible. Materials and Methods: The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and T scores of lumbar, femur were obtained respectively. Radiographic densities of alveolar bones and panorama mandibular index (PMI, represents as cortical thickness) were analysed statistically according to age and T score variables. Results: The radiographic density of alveolar bone of maxillary molar showed significant difference by age and femur T group. That of mandibular molar showed significant difference between femur T group. Panorama mandibular index showed significant difference between age groups. Conclusion: The radiographic density of alvealar bones was more dependent on age and femur T than lumbar T. Cortical thickness of mandible was correlated with increasing age.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1991

The relationships between nutrients intake, physical activity and bone mineral density were investigated in 19 elderly men aged 71-80 years. A trained nutritionist interviewed usual dietary intake and daily activity with a questionnaire, and bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and three regions of the proximal femur (femur neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter) with a Luna DP3 dual photon absorptiometry. The correlations between dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and trochanteric region were significant at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level respectively. the significant correlations were also found between vitamin A(P<0.005), riboflavin(P<0.01), and ascorbic acid(P<0.05) intake and bone mineral density at these sites. Higher physical activity was associated with greater bone mineral density of four sites, but this was not significant. But there were significant relationships between total energy expenditure and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine(P<0.01), femur neck (P<0.05) and Ward's triangle(P<0.05). In this study the results revealed that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and trochanteric region were associated with dietary calcium intake. And bone mineral density of the femur neck and Ward's triangle were related to physical activity but not to nutrients intake. In conclusion, dietary calcium intake seems to be a important factor for greater bone mineral density. Further evidence will be needed that physical activity protects against bone fracture and osteoporosis in the edlerly.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2005

Background: The most frequent fracture seen at the emergency department (ED) in the elderly is a femur fracture whereas they do not know the degree of osteoporosis. We analyzed the degree of osteoporosis in patients with femur fractures and compared patients with only femur fractures (FX) to patients with femur and vertebral fractures (VX) by examining the clinical features, the bone mineral density (BMD), and biochemical markers. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2004, we enrolled prospectively 30 femur fracture patients who visited the ED. The bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine and the femur were examined. Total calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and serum C-terminal telopeptide (s-CTx) were measured. The patients with femur fractures were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of vertebral fracture. Results: All BMDs of the FX group showed osteoporosis. The s-CTx levels were higher than normal. The patients in the FX with VX were older than those in the FX only group, and had lower BMDs. There were no significant differences in markers between the subgroups, but the incidence of trochanteric fractures was higher in FX with VX group than in the FX only group. Conclusion: Femur fractures in the elderly were associated with osteoporosis. In our study, despite a considerable difference in BMD between patients with femur fractures and those with femur fractures combined with vertebral fractures, there was no difference in biochemical markers on bone formation nor in the those of bone resorption. We will further investigate the biochemical markers and BMD in the population of osteoporotic fractures. So those indicators should be helpful for planning treatment and for prevention of FX in the elderly.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.350-361
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the level of bone mineral densities of the femur neck and to identify factors affecting bone mineral density of the femur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Participants were 121 PD patients visiting the outpatient clinic of D University Hospital in B City. Bone mineral density was measured at the femur neck by using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The serum vitamin D level, the amounts of milk intake, caffeine intake, cigaret smoking, and alcohol consumption, and the number of steps taken daily were measured. Past and present disease history, the medication history, and duration of the disease were also collected. The level of disability was obtained by neurologists using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results: Among PD patients, 57% had osteopenia and 15.7% had osteoporosis. The bone mineral density of the femur was associated with weight, serum vitamin D level, age, and working status. Conclusion: The identification of weight and serum vitamin D level as important predictive factors emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition for PD patients.