• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4812-4818
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• 2010

Neck pain was commonly experienced by both adolescents and adults. The neck disability index(NDI) was the most commonly used self-report measure for evaluating status in neck pain. The objective of this study is to research the prevalence of the NDI in their 20's of college students in department of physical therapy. The data were collected from the NDI questionnaire of college students(males: 229, females: 405) for functional disability measures. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 12.0 program, which was used for descriptive statistics, independent samples test and Pearson correlation analysis. The results were : First, 'headache' item was showed 'the highest prevalence' in second choice demonstrating the neck disability and 'pain intensity' in third choice. Second, female(46.4%) was higher distribution than male(36.3%) on score, percentage and grade of NDI(p<0.05). Third, the NDI grade was investigated that it is composed of 'no disability(63.8%)', 'mild disability(35.4%)', and 'moderate disability(0.9%)' in male and 'no disability(53.6%)', 'mild disability(44.7%)', 'moderate disability(1.5%)' and 'severe disability(0.2%)' in female. Fourth, there was a statically significant relationship between NDI grade and NDI items(p<0.05). These results have specific meaning as future clinical and epidemiological studies. Also, it is needed to education and preparation on prevention and management of neck disability among college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.560-572
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality with regard to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon. The data were collected with a self-reports questionnaire with a total of 190 subjects, comprised with 101 male and 89 female college students. We classified these subjects into three groups using percentile of coffee intake to assess the nutrients intake and dietary quality. The correlations among coffee intake, food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality were evaluated. The average coffee intake of male and female college students were 156.8 mL and 157.4 mL, respectively. The coffee preferences with respect to specialty coffee were caramel macchiato, cafe latte, americano, cafe mocha, and cappucino in male college students, and caramel macchiato, americano, cafe mocha, cafe latte, and cappucino in female college students, in preference order. The coffee intake motivation score of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was higher than that of the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in emotion motivation and utilitarian motivation. The highest scores were 'flavor and aroma' in emotion motivation, and 'prevention of sleepness' in utilitarian motivation. The average food habits score of "I often eat the natural food" was significantly higher in the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between coffee intake and 'I purchase the processed food after examining nutrition labels' of food habits score (r = 0.280; p < 0.01) in female college students. The energy intake of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was significantly higher in that of the moderate 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in male college students (p < 0.05). Therefore, it may be necessary for college students to undergo a well-planned nutrition education regarding proper coffee intake, choice of coffee, energy intake related to coffee intake, and dietary habits.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.351-367
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• 1999

This study aims to study the discourses influencing high school students' concept and attitude toward mathematics, and to examine how gender differences concerning mathematical aptitude are created. This study is based on the results of previous two studies which suggested that mathematical competence differs not only according to gender, region and school year, but also even within the same gender. For this study, 12 students ranking in the top 10% at two co-ed high schools were interviewed to find out 1) what discourses are related to gender and mathematics, 2) in what way these discourses are formulated and gain currency, and 3) how they have affected students in general. Common notions concerning mathematics may be summed up as follows: 1) Most of the students believe that gender difference in mathematical aptitude results because biologically men tend to be strong in mathematics and analytical skills while women tend to have better linguistic ability. This concept can help male students' studying to have a greater learning toward mathematics. 2) A large number of the students believe that male students' studying method is based on comprehension whereas female students' method is based on retention, and hence the former group tends to be better at applying their learning than the latter group. This notion seres to encourage male students and discourage female students from tackling difficult mathematical problems. 3) Many students believe that, although female students may surpass their male counterparts in middle school or the first year of high school, they will eventually fall behind by the 3rd year. Despite research which shows that these common beliefs are not grounded in scientific proof, high-school girls, who may be strong in mathematics, lose self-confidence and feel a sense of crisis. The mechanisms which produce and reinforce such concepts as those mentioned above can be summarized as follows: 1) Regarding the choice of majors and future career paths, parents show different attitudes toward sons and daughters, and this tends to influence high-school girls and hinders them from entering mathematics-related fields. 2) Teachers with value systems based on stereo-typed gender roles affect students a great deal, and give different advice according to gender of their students, for selecting their major fields - for instance, whether to study the natural sciences as opposed to humanities. 3) This study indicates that peer-group behavior, of either support or exclusion, also reinforces the process of internalizing notions of gender difference related to mathematical aptitude. 4) The gender-based notion that men are naturally more inclined to have better mathematical ability has caused male students to choose the natural science subjects and female students to turn to the humanities. The discourses discussed above, propagated in schools and homes, and in the mass media, are continually reinforced along with general gender inequalities in the society at large.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.341-354
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the food behaviors and food preferences of teenagers by regional groups. The subjects were composed of 365 third grade students in middle schools from urban, rural and fishing areas in Kyungpook province. The data was collected by using a survey questionnaire. The results of the study are summarized as follows: Eating habits of 21-47% of the subjects, according to the regions, were poor and female students in large city showed the best eating habits while female students in fishing village showed the poorest eating habits. Out of the three regional groups studied, the subjects from the fishing villages had the highest rates of skipping meals and eating between meals. Out of all the people investigated, thirty to forty percent had unbalanced diets, the highest percentage coming from the urban areas and the lowest from the fishing villages. All together an allergic reaction to food was the highest in the fishing villages' subjects and female students were more sensitive compared to the male students. Students from the urban area had higher frequency of symptoms of lactose intolerance. Upon the investigation of the subjects 'food preferences, they preferred boiled rice to any other rice as a staple food. Cha jang myun was the most preferred out of all noodles and breads. It was found that teenagers preferred one course meal such as fried rice to a rice-centered regular meal. Out of all various meat soups, beef soup and beef-rib soup were preferred the most. As for subsidiary foods the most preferred were soybean paste stew and cuttlefish stew which they ate daily. There was a very high preference for fried foods, the most favored being pork cutlet followed by fried vegetables, sweet potatoes, and minced meat. The most preferred cooked vegetables were bean sprouts and seasoned cucumber. Seasoned cubed radish roots were the most preferred kind of kimchi. For desserts there was a very high preference for the following fruits: apples, plums, strawberries, and oranges. For beverages the most popular choice were chocolate drinks followed by orange juice, apple juice, milk and tomato juice. According to these investigations, most teenagers liked daily foods which they are used to. The study showed that on the whole the teenagers had poor eating habits. A problem that needs immediate attention is that female students and students from the fishing villages have a high rate of skipping meals. It is expected that the results of this food preference test of teenagers could be useful in the meal planning of middle school lunch programs in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.5-42
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• 2016

This study investigates why some female workers come to decide to leave work after their taking parental leave and subsequently classifies their resignation backgrounds into four ideal types. The current debates on parental leave have mostly focused on clarifying the factors that influence on workers' usage of parental leave. But given that the final goal of parental leave is to help workers return to work after temporary rest for parenting, it is very important to inquire why some workers fail in reverting to their companies after parental leave. Based on in-depth interviews with 8 female workers who leave work after parental leave, this study analyses and compares their previous work-family conditions, reasons for taking parental leave and withdrawing from work, and behavioral patterns after resignation. This article then typifies four ideal types of resignation backgrounds (i.e. penalty by company, evasion from work, decision by family, choice for family). At the conclusion, this paper suggests policy alternatives to diminish female workers' resignation after parental leave and to heighten their work-family balance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.595-606
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• 2020

To find out the a Study on experiential consumption and development of the customized cosmetics on female university students in their 20s, this study conducted sampling using probability sampling from cosmetics major students in S City from September 1 to October 30, 2020. In this study, a study model was designed for a total of 30 people and studied as an Experience-Consume Experimentation. First, the result of the pre-purchase survey revealed that skincare cosmetics had the highest percentage for being selected by 30 people for "the preferred cosmetic type per the perception regarding customized cosmetics." Second, the result of the pre-purchase survey revealed that 11 people answered skincare cosmetics, 1 person answered shade cosmetics, and 2 people answered fragrance products (perfume, diffusers, etc.) for "the experience type for customized cosmetics." Third, the result of the post-purchase survey revealed that 29 people are willing to recommend the products, while 1 person is not. For the appropriateness of the price, 23 people answered yes; 7 people answered no. for the characteristics of the experience, 24 people (80%) answered that they selected ingredients according to their skin type; 9 people answered that the price is cheap considering they received 1:1 consultation; 18 people answered that they made a choice per their preferences (skin type) rather than per brands; 3 people answered that their self-esteem is stronger as if they received personal care. Therefore, customized cosmetics are expected to increase the attractiveness and purchase rate of female students in their twenties given that 'Human Touch,' genetic analysis, and 'hyper-customization technology,' which requires new development of customized cosmetics experience consumption for female college students in their 20s.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.247-257
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• 2022

This study was conducted with female college students in their 20s living in Henan Province, China, who had experience with TikTok. The relationship between TikToker's fashion and consumers' empathy, favorability, and purchase intent is verified. The questionnaires were administered for 10 days from February 1 to February 10, 2022. A total of 316 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, and statistical processing of the collected data was performed using SPSS 26.0 for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, Chinese female college consumers' empathy for women's TikToker fashion positively influenced favorability and purchase intention. Second, Chinese female college consumers' favorability of women's TikToker fashion positively influenced purchase intentions. Based on the results of this study, the following insights can be proposed. When promoting TikTok marketing, attention should be paid to the choice of TikToker. If choose the right TikToker, you can not only increase the favorability of TikToker fashion products but also increase the purchase intention of TikToker fashion. Choosing TikToker with charm, rich emotion, and beautiful appearance help product sales.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.303-329
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• 2011

In Korea, recent women's educational standard is more higher than any other period but rate of using human resources is the lowest level among the OECD nations. As the reason of this phenomenon, the career choice attract attention. Traditionally, job is classified female-dominated job from male-dominated job, and most women still avoid male-dominated job. If this unequal concentrated phenomenon is relieved, diversity using of human resource will be available. For the purpose, this study try to determine the experience structure and the career decision-making process of the female undergraduate who want the male-dominated job through the qualitative study method, and to determine factors that work negative or positive on the process to use for the career consult. Grounded theory based data analyses resulted in 61 concepts, 27 sub-categories, and 12 categories from the recorded data of 8 female undergraduates who want the male-dominated job. The core category was "For the special life, keeping challenging with the will". A paradigm model consist of the casual condition, central phenomenon, contextual condition, intervening condition, actions/reactions and the result was proposed. And the participants went through five stages with time in their career decision-making process: the stage of awareness about the trait and aspiration, the stage of internal determination, the stage of support and accept, the stage of challenge and overcome, and the stage of affirmation and confidence. Implications of the findings and suggestions for the future research are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.227-236
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• 2012

This study aims to examine what influence a career exploration group counselling program has on career decision-making self-efficacy and career maturity of female college students. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the career exploration group counselling program had statistically significant influence on goal choice, job information and future plan which are sub-variables of career decision-making self-efficacy while it had no significant influence on problem solving. Also the program had a statistically significant influence on decision, independency, and involvement which are sub-variables of career maturity while it had no significant influence on compromise. Such results show that the career exploration group counselling program had a significant influence on career decision-making self-efficacy and career maturity of the subjects. Therefore, it is suggested that the career exploration group counselling program should be properly developed and provided so that students can choose career which fit for their aptitude and ability. Further, courses for career exploration group counselling program should be provided at universities to help them with career.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the customers' perception on nutrition information provided on a family restaurant menu, to examine customers' intention to use the nutrition information when eating out if nutrition information would be provided, and to identify what kinds of nutrient information the customers want. A total of 265 respondents were answered. Female was sixty-six percents, and eighty-four percent of the respondents was less than thirty-five years old. The patrons' perception about nutrition information on the menu showed the level of 2.5 points out of 5 points, which pointed out that family restaurant patrons were not satisfied with receiving nutritional information related to the menu. The customers perceived that restaurants had responsibilities for providing nutritional information about menu items. Sixty-six percent of respondents showed a positive intention to the question item about how much the customer would use nutritional information provided on the menu. The customers, who were female (p<0.05), who had a good health status, who showed higher interest on weight control (p<0.01), and who were health-oriented (p<0.01), showed the higher intention to use nutritional information. Nutrient information in which the customers were interested strongly was a fat content, followed by cholesterol content and calorie information. According to the trends of eating out, preferring family restaurants, and increasing interests in a healthful menu, nutrition information demand in restaurant operations would be increased rapidly in the near future. Providing nutrition information at the point of menu choice might result in the improvement of customers' nutritional and health status by encouraging proper dietary habits of patrons as well as providing nutritional education. Therefore, it is recommended that government and restaurant firms should recognize the importance of nutrition information and make strategic plans for the future.