• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

A 10-day trial was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance and hematological responses of juvenile ship sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris under different salinity levels. A total of 240 fish averaging $6.2{\pm}0.13g$ (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks in groups of 20, and each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of four different salinities at 0, 4, 8 and 12‰. At the end of 10 days of experimental period, plasma protein value of fish exposed to 0‰ and 4‰ salinities was significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 8‰ and 12‰ salinities (P < 0.05). Significantly higher values for plasma cortisol and glucose were obtained in fish exposed to 12‰ salinity compared to the fish exposed to 0‰ and 4‰ salinities (P < 0.05). Plasma potassium and sodium values increased significantly by increment of salinity levels (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that in natural environments, juvenile ship sturgeon, A. nudiventris in migratory populations could be able to migrate and adjust successfully into brackish water with a salinity of up to 8‰ without any short-term hematological stress responses.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2018

Purpose: This study set out to evaluate the compliance to, and efficacy of oral supplementation, using a 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL sip feed, in children with mild to moderate malnutrition. Methods: This was a parallel, randomized, controlled open-label trial in children aged 3 to 6 years with a weight for height Z (WHZ) score <-1 and ${\geq}-3$, who were randomized to receive a total of 600 kcal/day from either a 1.5 kcal/mL or a 1.0 kcal/mL pediatric sip feed for 28 days. Assessments included daily study product intake, body weight, tolerance and dietary intake from solid food. Results: Of 110 children recruited, 98 ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation of age $49{\pm}7months$) completed the study. Both sip feeds were well tolerated, with high compliance ($80{\pm}24%$ and $81{\pm}22%$ of prescribed volume in 1.5 kcal/mL and 1.0 kcal/mL groups respectively, p=0.79). Both study groups gained similar weight during the 28 days intervention period ($0.42{\pm}0.40kg$ in 1.5 kcal/mL group vs. $0.49{\pm}0.49kg$ in 1.0 kcal/mL group, p=0.43). There were no significant differences between the groups in weight gain and in the change in WHZ score over the intervention period. Dietary analysis at the end of the study did not show replacement of solid food by the oral nutritional supplements. Conclusion: In children with mild to moderate malnutrition, both 1.5 kcal/mL and 1 kcal/mL pediatric sip feeds had high compliance and were well tolerated, and were equally effective in promoting weight gain in the 28 days study period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.648-654
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• 2004

This study was carried out to assess whether feeding of alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) affects the nutritional metabolism and growth characteristics of Korean native steers. Ten steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The dietary treatments were AFF (50% commercial beef cattle feed+30% alcohol-fermented soybean curd dregs+20% rice straw) and control (80% commercial beef cattle feed+20% rice straw). The change of serum metabolites and growth characteristics were measured every two months during the whole twelve months experimental period and the relationships between serum metabolites and growth characteristics were simultaneously analyzed. Four hours after feeding AFF, serum alcohol concentration reached its peak with a significantly higher value than that after control feeding (11.9 and 4.9 mg/dl, respectively). Serum glucose and inorganic phosphorus (IP) concentrations (63.1 and 8.4 mg/dl, respectively) of steers fed AFF were higher than those (56.6 and 7.0 mg/dl) fed the control diet. In both treatments, the serum glucose concentration rapidly increased when body weight (BW) of the steer reached about 600kg, while IP concentrations were rapidly diminished at that BW. Lower concentrations of both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol were observed in steers fed AFF up to 450 kg of BW. The IP concentration was correlated with concentrations of BUN, cholesterol and glucose in AFF fed cattle but not in the cattle fed control diets. Average daily gain was higher in steers fed AFF than steers fed control, particularly during the growing stage of cattle. These findings indicated a capability of AFF to improve BW gain of Korean native steers by decreased protein degradation as well as increased fat synthesis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2014

Ten feeding trials were conducted to determine and to make the guideline for the optimum feeding rates in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed extruded pellets at various growth stages at the optimum rearing water temperature. The entire trials were grouped into four growth stages, namely the first stage of juvenile (5 and 9 g), the second stage of juvenile (20, 30, 40 and 50 g), growing (240 and 317 g) and sub-adult (384 and 525 g) stages with 2, 4, 2 and 2 feeding trials, respectively. In the first and second experiments, results indicated that the optimum feeding rates for the first stage of juvenile olive flounder weighing 5 and 9 g could be >5.17 but <5.52% and >4.44 but <4.64% body weight (BW)/day, respectively. In the third, fourth, fifth and sixth experiments, results suggested that the optimum feeding rates for the second stage of juvenile olive flounder weighing 20, 30, 40 and 50 g could be >3.47 but <3.50, >2.85 but <3.53, >2.58 but <3.04 and >2.36 but <2.50% BW/day, respectively. In the seventh and eighth experiments, results showed the optimum feeding rates for growing olive flounder weighing 240 and 317 g to be >1.03 but <1.25 and >0.85 but <1.0 % BW/day, respectively. In the ninth and tenth experiments, the optimum feeding rates in sub-adult olive flounder weighing 384 and 525 g were shown to be >0.69 but <0.7 and >0.55 but <0.8% BW/day, respectively. We will compare these results with the previous studies done by other research groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary threonine requirement by measuring the plasma free threonine and ammonia concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after dorsal aorta cannulation. A total of 70 fish (average initial weight $506{\pm}8.2g$) were randomly distributed into each of the 14 net cages (5 fish/cage). After 48 hours (h) of feed deprivation, each group was intubated at 1% body weight with one of the seven L-amino acid based diets containing graded levels of threonine (0.42%, 0.72%, 0.92%, 1.12%, 1.32%, 1.52%, or 1.82% of diet, dry matter basis). Blood samples were taken at 0, 5, and 24 h after intubation. Post-prandial plasma free threonine concentrations (PPthr) of fish 5 h after intubation with diets containing 1.32% or more threonine were significantly higher than those of fish intubated with diets containing 1.12% or less threonine (p<0.05). Post-absorptive free threonine concentrations (PAthr) after 24 h of intubation of the fish with diets containing 0.92% or more threonine were significantly higher than those of fish intubated with diets containing 0.72% or less threonine. Post-prandial plasma ammonia concentrations (PPA, 5 h after intubation) were not significantly different among fish intubated with diets containing 1.12% or less threonine, except the PPA of fish intubated with diet containing 0.42% threonine. Broken-line model analyses of PPthr, PAthr, and PPA indicated that the dietary threonine requirement of rainbow trout should be between 0.95% (2.71) and 1.07% (3.06) of diet (% of dietary protein on a dry matter basis).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2015

Purpose: The research presented in this paper applied the chemometric analysis to the near-infrared spectral data from line-scanned hyperspectral images of beef and fish meals in animal feeds. The chemometric statistical models were developed to distinguish beef meals from fish ones. Methods: The meal samples of 40 fish meals and 15 beef meals were line-scanned to obtain hyperspectral images. The spectral data were retrieved from each of 3600 pixels in the Region of Interest (ROI) of every sample image. The wavebands spanning 969 nm to 1551 nm (across 176 spectral bands) were selected for chemometric analysis. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the principal component analysis (PCA) methods of the chemometric analysis were applied to the model development. The purpose of the models was to correctly classify as many beef pixels as possible while misclassified fish pixels in an acceptable amount. Results: The results showed that the success classification rates were 97.9% for beef samples and 99.4% for fish samples by the PLSR model, and 85.1% for beef samples and 88.2% for fish samples by the PCA model. Conclusion: The chemometric analysis-based PLSR and PCA models for the hyperspectral image analysis could differentiate beef meals from fish ones in animal feeds.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-143
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• 2005

The preventive effects of calcium gluconate injection and administration of anion feed on occurrence rates of the abomasal displacement and retained placenta were examined from 86 pregnant cows reared in Paju and Goyang cities in Gyunggi Province. The cows were divided into 3 groups: control (30 heads), experimental group I (28 heads) and experimental group II (28 heads), respectively. The control cows were not treated at all. The cows in experimental group I were intravenously injected with calcium gluconate(CMPK, Am. Tech. Canada, 10 g/head). The cows in experimental group II were given with the anion feed (Goyang TMR, Korea, 9 kg/head/day). The occurrence rates of the abomasal displacement in experimental groups were lower than that of control group and experimental group revealed the lowest prevalence rate, however, significance was not detected. The occurrence rate of retained placenta in experimental groups revealed lower prevalence than that of control group and experiment group II showed the lowest prevalence rate(p<0.01). Considering the above findings collectively, it was thought that administration of anion feeds was affective for prevention of the bovine retained placenta during drying milk period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.643-646
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• 2006

Because of potential health hazards of aflatoxins for humans, the present study was conducted to monitor aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ in livestock feeds. A total of 249 samples of feeds collected in Korea were analyzed by DC-ELISA for qualitative analysis of $AFB_1$. Then, 27 samples that were verified to contain $AFB_1$ by DC-ELISA were quantitated by HPLC/FLD. HPLC/FLD analysis revealed that only one sample collected from a farm contained 11 ppb of $AFB_1$, whereas the other samples collected from feed companies did not contain $AFB_1$. The presence of $AFB_1$ was further confirmed by LC/MS analysis. TLC analysis indicated that the result of the DC-ELISA was most likely due to possible contamination of other mycotoxins rather than $AFB_1$. In conclusion, HPLC/FLD analysis following DC-ELISA is necessary for rapid and accurate detection of $AFB_1$.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2004

본 연구는 자원화시설 중에서 공공자원화시설을 대상으로하여 시설의 설치에 있어서 일반항목으로 분류되는 설치현황, 운영현황을 파악하여 문제점을 제시하고, 개선방안을 도출하기 위하여 수행되었다. 현재 설치되어 있는 시설은 퇴비화>사료화>혐기성>하수병합>퇴비사료병합으로서 사료화보다 퇴비화가 많은 것은 초기에 사료화방법으로 설계했으나, 수요처의 미확보로 퇴비화의 시설로 전환한 것 때문으로 추측되었다. 아직까지 사료관리법 및 비료관리법에 의하여 생산업등록을 하지 않은 곳이 다수 있었으며, 음식물쓰레기 자원화시설이 각종 기초시설과 같은 입지를 사용하면서도 침출수 및 악취, 에너지 측면에서 연계처리를 하는 곳이 적었다. 현재 설치되어 있는 일부의 자원화시설은 7년이 경과, 노후되어 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 시설을 운전하는 전문인력 부족 등으로 인하여 년간 300일 이상의 정상운전 이루지지 않고 있는 시설이 많은 것으로부터 주기적인 소수선, 대수선 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 음식물쓰레기 처리는 전체 처리시설에서 계획량 대비 약 87%의 반입율을 보여주고 있어 계획처리용량의 처리를 위한 대책마련이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 자원화시설의 설치비용을 조사한 결과, 50톤 미만에서 1억을 상회하는 곳이 다수 관찰되었으며, 50톤 이상에서 낮은 설치비용을 보였다. 전체적으로 적게는 1-2천만원, 높게는 2억원/톤까지 조사되어 시설기준의 정비와 함께 자원화시설의 설치비용에 대한 산출기준의 마련이 시급한 것으로 판단된다. 운영비가 시설의 규모 및 처리방법에 따라서 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 운영비의 합리화를 위한 노력이 필요하며, 시설의 설치와 운영에서 경제성을 확보할 수 있는 적정 처리 규모의 계획이 중요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2004

본 연구는 셀레늄강화버섯생산 후 대량으로 폐기되는 버섯 폐배지를 가축사료로 이용하기 위해 발효사료를 제조하고, 발효 기간동안 발효미생물에 의한 무기셀레늄을 유기셀레늄으로의 전환을 강화하기 위해 발효사료 내 존재하는 유기셀레늄 비율을 조사하였다. 발효사료의 처리구는 일반버섯 폐배지와 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지를 조합하여 발효사료 내 셈레늄농도가 0.06, 0.54, 1.26 및 1.86ppm이었다. 그리고 발효기에서 48시간 동안 발효시켰으며, 발효시간(0, 12, 24, 48시간)에 따른 pH, 유기셀레늄 비율, 유기설레늄 함량 및 무기셀레늄 함량을 조사하였다. 발효사료 내 셀레늄함량이 증가함에 따라 0시간의 pH는 일반버섯 폐배지로만 구성된 0.06ppm의 4.63보다 유의하게 직선적으로 증가하였고, 1.86ppm에서 가장 높은 값(6.35)을 나타내었다(p<0.0001). 발효 12시간 이후에는 대조군에 비하여 셀레늄강화 버섯 폐배지를 함유하는 처리군에서 pH가 유의하게 감소하였으나, 처리군들 간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셈레늄 농도별 발효사료의 무기셈레늄, 유기셈레늄 함량 및 유기셈레늄 비율은 처리구간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 발효시간에 따른 처리군의 유기셀레늄 비율은 0.54ppm에서 발효 24시간까지 유의하게 증가하였고, 1.26ppm에서는 발효 12시간이후에는 유의한 증가가 나타나지 않았으며, 1.86ppm에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 일반 페배지로만 구성된 0.06ppm의 발효사료에서는 무기셀레늄이 검출되지 않았고, 셀레늄강화버섯 폐배지를 함유하는 발효사료(0.54ppm, 1.26ppm, 1.86ppm)는 발효 48시간에 약 70%의 유기셀레늄을 함유하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 발효사료를 통한 유기셀레늄의 강화는 발효종료 후 폐배지 내 유기셀레늄 비율이 약 70%로 높게 나타나 반추가축에 대한 셀레늄사료자원으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다.