• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2009

셀레늄은 필수미네랄로 항산화작용 등의 체내 주요 작용을 수행한다고 알려져 있다. 만성질환 등의 예방과 치료 등의 바람직한 효능을 기대하여 섭취가 늘고 있어서 주목을 받고 있다. 셀레늄은 암의 억제나 혈중포도당조절 및 지방억제 등의 목적으로도 이용되고 있다. 이러한 다양한 연구에도 불구하고 지방세포를 이용한 지방세포분화나 지방세포사멸 촉진에 미치는 영향은 아직 연구되어 있지 않다. 셀레늄의 지방세포조절을 통한 분자기전에 대한 연구는 늘어가고 있는 비만이나 비만관련대사질환의 조절에 학문적 근거를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 셀레늄이 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)를 중심으로 지방 미분화세포인 3T3-L1 지방세포의 분화억제 및 분화된 세포의 사멸작용의 기전을 밝히고자 하였다. AMPK는 세포 내 에너지상태의 센서로 작용하는데 실제적으로 운동의 지방대사 촉진기능이 이 단백질에 기인한다는 사실이 밝혀지면서 각광을 받고 있다. 또한 시상하부에서 AMPK는 호르몬이나 영양소 등의 생리적인 인자들을 통합하고 식욕이나 신체에너지 대사를 총괄하는 물질로 대두되고 있다. 셀레늄을 지방세포의 분화과정에 처리하였을 때에 현저한 지방세포로의 분화가 억제되었고 이미 다 분화된 성숙된 지방세포에 처리하였을 때는 세포사멸(apoptosis)을 유도하는 것을 발견하였으며 이와 동시에 AMPK의 활성화 촉진 및 AMPK의 지질인 acetyl-CoA carboxylase의 $serine^{79}$를 인산화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 셀레늄의 지방세포분화 억제 능력은 AMPK의 활성화 합성물질인 AICAR나 포도의 폴리페놀인 레스베라트롤의 능력과 같은 정도의 억제능을 보여주었다. 또한 AMPK의 항 지방축적작용에서의 필수성을 알아보기 위하여 지방세포에 AMPK 활성화 물질인 AICAR와 억제물질인 Compound C를 사용하여 AMPK활성화를 측정하여 본 결과 지방세포분화와 지방축적의 억제과정에 있어서 AMPK가 필수적임을 밝혀내었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.192-194
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• 2003

가정분만으로 태어난 후 생후 6일된 신생아에서 전신성 강직-간대 경련이 발생하여 내원한 환아에서, 병력과 진찰 소견상 신생아 파상풍으로 진단하여 근이완제 및 인공환기요법으로 치료한 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bangkibokryeong-tang (BBT, Fangjifuling-tang) on blood glucose and body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups- normal diet-fed control (ND), high-fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+BBT 75, HFD+BBT 150, and HFD+olistat as a positive drug control group. Markers of obesity, such as body weight, organ weight, diet efficiency, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid content, leptin, adiponectin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood glucose, and insulin, were measured. Furthermore, results of the oral glucose tolerance test and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity were examined in obese mice. Results Mice treated with BBT demonstrate lower body and organ weight, and reduced weight gain and food efficiency than that in the HFD-only control group. In addition, BBT decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and the levels of enzymes such as GOT, GPT, and LDH in the serum. Furthermore, the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and leptin were decreased in the serum but the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin were increased in the BBT-treated group compared with the control group. The BBT-treated group also demonstrated decreased blood glucose and insulin concentrations induced by feeding on a high-fat diet and improved glucose tolerance. Conclusions Based on the results above, BBT may reduce body fat and hyperglycemia in HFD-induced obesity. This suggests that BBT may be clinically useful in the treatment of obesity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The inhibitory effect of polyphenol extracts (Seapolynol$^{TM}$, SPN) of the marine brown algae Ecklonia cava and dieckol, a major component of SPN, on hyperlipidemia was investigated in ICR mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for five weeks. For analysis of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of SPN and dieckol, these two agents were given orally on a daily basis to HFD-fed mice for four weeks, starting one week after the beginning of HFD feeding. Groups administered with SPN as well as dieckol showed lower body weight gains than the HFD only group. Administration of SPN and dieckol also resulted in a significant reduction of the level of total cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the serum of HFD-fed mice. In Oil Red O staining using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, it was shown that both SPN and dieckol markedly inhibited lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, SPN and dieckol (50 ${\mu}g$/mL) significantly inhibited 3-hydroxyl-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that polyphenols of Ecklonia cava (SPN) and dieckol reduce body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, and that their hypolipidemic effect is related to the inhibition of adipogenesis of adipocytes and HMGCoA reductase activity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1998

글루타치온 생산에 필요한 ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase와 glutathione synthetase 효소의 활성을 위한 ATP 재생산계에 대하여 연구하였다. 글루타치온 합성용 효소를 생산하는 E. coli TG1/pDR7${\alpha}$의 최적 배양하였으며 이때 글루타치온의 생산농도는31 mg/g wet cell이었다. 빵효모를 이용한 글루타치온의 생산수율은 acetate kinase보다 낮았으나, 경제성의 면에서는 더 우수할 것으로 판단된다. ATP 재생산계로 빵효모가 Saccharomyces cerevrsiae ATCC24858보다 더 우수함을 보였다. ATP농도 5mM에서 cysteine에 대한 글루타치온의 생산 수율은 36%이었다. Cysteine의 소모에 의한 글루타치온 생산 제약을 피하기 위하여 cysteine을 반응 2시간에 추가 공급함으로써 글루타치온 생산수율을 1.91배 증가시켰다. 다양한 기질 추가 실험 결과에 의해 빵효모에 의한 ATP재생산계가 유효하고, 14mM이상의 글루타치온 농도에서는 산물저해 현상이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2000

Experiments initiated 30 years ago to obtain selectable markers have led to a series of studies of Trp biosynthesis and anthranilate synthase (AS) the control enzyme using largely plant tissue cultures since they have experimental properties that can be readily exploited. Enzymological and compound feeding studies provided evidence that AS is the control point in the Trp biosynthesis branch and that altering the AS feedback control by the selection of mutants resistant to the Trp analog 5-methyl-tryptophan (5MT) can lead to the overproduction of this important amino acid. Plants regenerated from these Trp overproducing lines of most species also had high free Trp levels but Nicotiana tabaum (tobacco) plants expressed the feedback altered AS only in cultured cells and not in the regenerated plants. further tests by transient and stable expression of the cloned promoter for the naturally occurring tobacco feedback-insensitive AS, denoted ASA2, confirmed the tissue culture specific nature of the expression control. The 5MT caused by the expression of a feedback-insensitive AS from tobacco has been used to select protoplast fusion hybrids with several species since the resistance is expressed dominantly. Recently the ASA2 gene has been used successfully as a selectable marker to select transformed Astragalus sinicus and Glycine max hairy roots induced by Agrobactetium rhizogenes. These results show that the ASA2y-subunit can interact with the y-subunit of another species to form active feedback-insensitive enzyme that may be useful for selecting transformed cells. Plastid DNA transformation of tobacco has also effectively expressed ASA2 in the compartment in which Trp biosynthesis is localized in the cell.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2011

This work was performed to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract (AEx) from acorn (Quercus acutissima CARR.) against allergic mediated responses in asthma model cells and mice. The AEx inhibited antigen-stimulated cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and AEx also inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation against IgE-mediated allergic response in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. The ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were orally administered with AEx (100 or 300 mg/kg) and authentic tannic acid (75 mg/kg) every day for 15 days. Increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production by OVA-sensitization/challenge was significantly reduced by administration of AEx. The serum triglyceride levels of asthma mice were significantly reduced after feeding for 15 days with tannic acid or AEx. The mice fed with tannic acid or AEx also exhibited a significant reduction in body weights compared to those of asthma control group. The AEx increased the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA expression in the asthma model mice and showed DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that AEx protects against IgEmediated allergic and OVA-induced asthmatic responses via direct and indirect antioxidant activities. Reduced triglyceride and body weights may provide additional protective benefits of AEx on allergic asthma.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.352-356
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• 1997

식물배양세포계에서 유용 phytoalexin의 생산여부를 검토하기 위하여 페튜니아 배양세포주에 5종의 naphthoquinone류 화합물을 첨가하였을 때 유도되는 항미생물활성을 조사하였다. 처리한 naphthoquinone류 화합물 중 토양 방선균으로부터 페튜니아 세포생장억제물질로 분리한 2,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(5'-hydroxyhexyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-OH NQ)이 48시간 이내에 90% 이상 효율적으로 배양세포내로 흡수되었다. 3-OH NQ를 처리한 페튜니아 캘러스 추출물은 Aspergillus candidus의 포자발아를 강하게 억제하였다$(MIC:\;32\;{\mu}g/ml)$. 3-OH NQ를 처리한 페튜니아 배양세포로부터 2종의 항미생물 활성물질 4,2',4',${\beta}$-tetrahydroxychalcone과 4',7-dihydroxyflavone을 분리하였다. 주로 유도되는 phytoalexin인 4,2',4',${\beta}$-tetrahydroxychalcone은 A. candidus의 포자발아를 강하게 억제하였다$(MIC:\;16\;{\mu}g/ml)$.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.614-618
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• 1992

Brevibacterium CH1의 회분배양 결과 최적의 초기 포도당 농도는 $20g/{\ell}$이었고, 균체의 최대 성장속도는 $0.21h^{-1}$이었다. pH 를 조절하여 줌으로써 균체농도와 효소의 비활성이 각각 20, 30 정도 증가하였다. 따라서 pH 조절은 균체농도 및 효소생성에 상당한 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. M3 배지를 연속적으로 공급하면서 유가식 회분배양 한 결과 88시간 배양 후 균체농도는 $68g/{\ell}$로 고농도 배양이 되었으며, 비활성은 6.1units/mg으로 유지되었다. 효소의 총활성은 배양시간에 따라 증가하여 80시간 배양 후 최대 414.8 units/$m{\ell}$ 이었으며, 회분배양에 비해 4.4배 증가하였다. 이 경우에 Yx/s(cell growth yield)는 0.68g cells/g glucose consumed이었다.