• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1653-1658
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to examine calpain activity and meat tenderness by three different feeding patterns in Korean native cattle (KNC). Total forty-five animals were assigned each fifteen in long term restriction feeding (LTFR), long-term restriction feeding and hormone treatment (LTFR-tH), and short term non-restriction feeding (STFNR), respectively. Concentrate was restricted based on body weight in exp 1 and 2. However, it was fed ad libitum in exp. 3. Hormonal implantation was made with $M-PO^{TM}$ for bulls and with $F-TO^{TM}$ for heifers at 18, 20, 22 months of age in exp. 2. Animals were purchased (3-5 month old) from local cattle market and managed in two local farms and university research unit at three different years. Animals were slaughtered at 24 months for long-term trial and at 18 month for short term-trial. Loin and tender loin muscle was used for calpain activity and meat quality. Calpain proteolytic system was not changed by treatment. However, calpastatin activity was low in short-term trial. The calpain and calpastatin activity is reciprocal relationship, therefore, the high calpain activity may effect on quality grade. The shear force value was decreased as the processing of aging after postmortem. On the other hand, the cooking loss was significantly higher in short-term than in long-term trial, and then gradually decreased by the aging. Hormone implants to increase meat yield influenced to calpastatin activity more powerfully than calpain activity to meat tenderness. In meat color-a*, there was not significant difference in loin. Meat color-b* was decreased as postmortem aging time increased in tenderloin. Western blots were done to learn whether these proteins are degraded during postmortem storage and whether this degradation temporally parallels the decrease of shear force value. Vinculin was detected at 0 day and 1 day and degraded after 3 day. In conclusion, Calpain activity was affected slightly on meat tenderness. But meat tenderness was influenced by calpastatin, more effectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.107-108
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• 2006

This paper shows the design optimization of the paper feeding mechanism under dynamic behavior by using commercial codes of RecurDyn/MTT2D and RecurDyn/AutoDesign which are developed by functionBay, Inc. A virtual mockup for dynamics analysis of the paper feeding mechanism is build on RecurDyn/MTT2D and is simulated. Flexible paper is represented as a series of rigid bars connected by revolute joints and rotational spring dampers. Paper is fed by a contact and friction mechanism on rollers or guides. The slip of the paper and nip force of rollers are measured to estimate the system performance. After a simulation, these performances are automatically send to RecurDyn/AutoDesign which is a sequential approximate optimization tool based on the response surface modeling. RecurDyn/AutoDesign makes the approximate objective function and computes the optimized design points of the design variables and gives them to analysis tool. And then the simulation is repeated with the updated design variables. These processes are repeated until finding a tolerable design optimization. In this paper, a paper feeding mechanism is introduced and it is optimized with the proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2017

Background: This study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (MH) consisted of 55% orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), 35% tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (Trifolium pratense) to Hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (TH) and local rice straw (RS). Results: Although no significant effects were found on animal performance and carcass yield grade, the carcasses of MH group had higher marbling score and quality grade than those of RS and TH group (P < 0.05). Therefore, higher fat content (P < 0.001), lower shear force and hardness value in the beef of MH group than that of other groups were observed. Furthermore, the beef of MH group had higher CIE $a^*$ value (redness) than that of other groups and feeding MH to Hanwoo steers lowered n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ratio in beef. Conclusions: Mixed hay provided benefits on meat quality and could be used for Hanwoo fattening program.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various cutting condition on the cutting resistance and surface roughness of material in turning operation using a coated carbide tool. The workpiece materials were the carbon steel SM20C and SM45C The results of this study are summarized as follows: The cutting force decreases as the feedee amount and the cutting depth decrease and the cutting speed increases. In order to obtain a proper surface roughness to each material it is desirable to set the feeding amount as 0.059mm.rev, the cutting depth as 0.4mm and the cutting speed as 270m/min for SM20C, while setting the feeding as 0.059mm/rev the cutting depth as 0.6mm and the cutting speed as 270m/min for SM45C.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.99-104
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• 2004

Micro/meso cutting is getting more important in the fields of precision machining technology. A micro-turning lathe is one of parts to consist the Micro Factory. It accepts stepwise motion actuators that are used for feeding system instead of the conventional mechanism. It is consisted of two Piezoelectric ceramics; one is for feeding the slider, and the other is for clamping the slider in the guide way of the body. The linearity and positional accuracy of the actuators are good enough for high precision motion. The spindle unit is operated with DC motor on the top of the slider. The motion is communicated with miniaturized linear encoder attached on each side of axis. A mono crystal diamond tool is used for cutting tool. This micro-lathe has been made a machining experiment to see the characteristics of micro-machining.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.36-40
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• 2003

In order to discuss the availability of aerostatic guideways driven by the coreless linear motor to ultra precision machine tools, a prototype of guideway is designed and tested in this research. A coreless linear DC motor with the continuous force of 156N and a laser scale with the resolution of $0.01\mu\textrm{m}$ are used as the feeding system. The experiments are performed on the static stiffness, motion accuracy, positioning accuracy, microstep response and variation of velocity. The guideway also has $0.21\mu\textrm{m}$ of positioning error and $0.09\mu\textrm{m}$ of repeatability, and it shows the stable response against the $0.01\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution step command. The velocity variation of feeding system is less than 0.6%. From these results, it is confirmed that the aerostatic guideway driven by the coreless linear motion is very useful for the ultra precision machine tools.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.326-333
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• 2004

This paper presents the structural characteristics analysis of a high-speed horizontal machining center with spindle speed of 50, 000rpm and feedrate of 120m/min. The spindle system is designed based on the built-in motor, angular contact ceramic ball bearings, oil-air lubrication and oil-jacket cooling method. The X-axis and Y-axis feeding systems are composed of the linear motor and linear motion guides, and the Z-axis feeding system is composed of the servo-motor, ball screw and linear motion guide. The structural analysis model of the high-speed horizontal machining center is constructed by the finite element method, and the validity of structural design is estimated based on the structural deformation of the high-speed horizontal machining center and spindle nose caused by the gravity and inertia forces.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.54-55
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• 2001

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding values of red pepper seed (Exp. 1) and to investigate its dietary supplementation on layer performances (Exp. 2). The values of TME, TMEn and average TAAA determined by force-feeding 14 roosters (Hy-line) were 2.83 kcal/g, 2.94 kcal/g and 82.72%, respectively. a total of 200 layers (ISA-brown) was divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates of 10 birds per replicate, and fed the experimental diets containing different level of red pepper seed (0, 3, 5, 10%). There were no differences in performances of laying hens among treatments. Liver lipids in all groups containing red pepper seed were significantly reduced as compared to those of control (P＜0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

본 연구는 배합사료의 급여방법(군사, 개체별 배합 사료 자동급이) 및 출하월령(생후 26 및 28개월)이 거세한우의 발육, 사료섭취량 및 도체특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험구는 생후 26개월령 출하 군사구(G26), 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구(I26), 생후 28개월령 출하 군사구(G28), 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구(I28)의 4처리로 하여 각 처리당 7~8두씩 총 31두를 완전 임의배치하였다. 비육후기 배합사료 급여수준은 군사구(G26 및 G28)는 자유채식, 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구는 개체별로 체중의 1.7%이었다. 비육전기 일당증체량은 군사구들(G26 및 G28)에 비해 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구들(I26 및 I28)에서 많았으나(p<0.05), 비육후기 일당증체량은 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구들에 비해 군사구들에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 비육전기 배합사료 섭취량은 군사구들에 비해 개체별 배합사료 자동급이구들에서 많았지만, 비육후기에는 개체별 배합사료 자동급이 구들에 비해 군사구들에서 많은 경향이었다. 배합사료 급여방법 및 출하월령이 거세한우의 도체특성, 육량등급 및 육질등급에 미치는 영향은 적었다. 배최장근의 전단력 및 연도는 26개월 출하 시험구들에 비해 28개월 시험구들에서 높았다(p<0.05). 배최장근의 가열감량, 보수력, 풍미, 수분, 단백질 및 지방 함량에 대한 사료급여 방법 및 출하월령의 영향은 없었다. 따라서 비육후기 개체별 배합사료의 제한급여가 거세한우의 도체특성에 미치는 영향은 적지만, 출하체중 저하로 농가소득을 감소시킬 수 있으므로 거세한우를 대상으로 개체별 자동급이기를 이용시 개체특성(등지방두께, 근내지방도 등)을 고려한 개체별 배합사료 급여수준 설정이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2008

The storage of rice polishing (RP) with and without addition of antioxidant for sixteen weeks and its effect on rancidity and metabolizable energy values during the summer season was determined. Fifteen Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of approximately uniform age and weight were procured and kept in metabolic cages under standard feeding and management practices. Five force feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, fresh RP with 0 weeks of storage (diet 1 and 2) was used followed by four feeding trials with 4 (diet 3, 4), 8 (diet 5, 6), 12 (diet 7, 8), and 16 (diet 9, 10) weeks of storage of RP. The same birds were used in all trails. The birds were fasted for a period of 21 h, followed by force feeding of 20 g of RP with and without antioxidant for all storage periods. The control/fasting group was also maintained to measure endogenous fecal losses. Excreta were collected after 48 h for the determination of AME and TME values of RP. Along with the biological trials, laboratory assay of the RP stored with and without antioxidant was conducted to measure the extent of rancidity in terms of Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). The TBA values were affected (p<0.05) by storage period and the values increased when the storage period increased from 4 to 16 weeks. However, the TBA values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when RP was stored after addition of antioxidant when compared with the values obtained from RP stored without antioxidant (diet 3 vs. 4, 5 vs. 6, 7 vs. 8, and 9 vs. 10). The AME MJ/kg and TME MJ/kg values of RP were neither affected by increase in storage period nor addition of antioxidant. The findings of this study revealed that there was no effect of rancidity and storage time on the nutritive value, AME or TME of RP in poultry. However, TBA values were increased with the increase in storage period.