• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.632-638
• /
• 2005

Membrane fouling index such as Silt Density Index (SDI) and Modified Fouling Index (MFI) is an important parameter in design of the integrated RO/NF membrane processes for drinking water treatment. In this study, the effect of particle, membrane and feed water characteristics on membrane fouling index were investigated systematically. Higher fouling index values were observed when filtering suspensions with smaller particle size and higher feed particle concentration. Larger membrane resistance due to smaller pore size resulted in an increased membrane fouling index. The variations of feed water hardness and TDS concentrations did not show any impact on fouling index, suggesting that there were no significant colloidal interactions among particles and thus the porosity of particle cake layer accumulated on the membrane surface could be assumed to be 0.36 according to random packing density. Based on the experimental observations, fundamental membrane fouling index model was developed using Happel Cell. The effect of primary model parameters including particle size ($a_p$), particle concentration ($C_o$), membrane resistance ($R_m$), were accurately assessed without any fitting parameters, and the prediction of membrane fouling index such as MFI exhibited very good agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2002

Pure tantalum powder has been produced by combining Na as a reducing agent, $K_2TaF_{7}$ as feed material, KCl and KF as a diluent in a stainless steel(SUS) bomb, using the method of metallothermic reduction. The present study investigated the effect of the amount of the diluent and reaction temperature on the characteristics of tantalum powder in the production process. The temperature applied in this study $850^{\circ}C$ and the amount of the additional reductant from +5% of the theoretical amount used for the reduction of the entire $K_2TaF_{7}$. The results showed that as the amount of the diluent increased, the reaction temperature became lower because the diluent prevented a temperature rise. Also, according to the mixture ratio of the feed materials and the diluent changed from 1 : 0.25 to 1 : 2, the particle size decreased from $5\mutextrm{m}$ to $1\mutextrm{m}$ and a particle size distribution which is below 325 mesh in fined powder increases from 71% to 83%. The average size of Tantalum powder, $2-4\mutextrm{m}$, was close to that of the commercial powders($2-5\mutextrm{m}$). Also under this condition, impurities contained in the powder were within the range allowed for the commercial Ta powders.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

A nutrition study on weaned pigs using fermented soybean meal was done to determine the effect on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora. A total of 100 weaning pigs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 8.27 ± 1.10 kg were randomly allotted into 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 6-week feeding trial. There were 10 replicate pens in each treatment with 5 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included: 1) control: Basal diet (CON); 2) fermented soybean meal (FSBM): Basal diet supplemented with 5% fermented soybean meal. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly improved (p < 0.05) with the dietary supplementation of the FSBM compared with the control meal during phase 2. The dietary supplementation with 5% FSBM had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on gain to feed ratio (G : F) during the overall experiment period. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of 5% fermented soybean meal improved the body weight and average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and feed efficiency of the weaning pigs; however, there were no supplementation effects on total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, energy, blood profile and fecal microflora.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.1605-1609
• /
• 2001

A total of 252, 50 week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 7 groups of 3 replicates. Mustard meal (MM) which is a by-product from mustard processing plant, was dried under the sun or in a gas heated pan. It contained on DM basis 30-32% CP, 19-22% EE and 12-13% CF. The meal from either drying method was incorporated into the diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% which was equivalent to the substitution levels for soybean meal at 0, 31, 63 and 94%, respectively. All birds were individually kept in battery cages where feed and water were freely accessed throughout 84 days experimental period. It was found that egg production, feed intake, body weight gain and egg weight significantly decreased with the increased MM level. The inclusion of 20% MM did not show a significant difference in egg production and quality from the control, but produced 6-8% lower egg production. Feed intake was linearly decreased with the MM levels, except the 10% sun dried MM group. Fat deposition of the birds fed MM diets significantly decreased, while kidney weight increased when compared with the control group. However, the weight of thyroid glands and spleen trended to be heavier in the MM groups, but this was not significantly different among dietary treatments. It was concluded, MM from both drying methods could be incorporated in laying hen diets at the level of 10% without any adverse effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.211-213
• /
• 1996

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding early weaning diets based on different vegetable protein sources fed to Afghani lambs. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete formula diets viz., A, B and C were prepared having cottonseed meal, soybean meal and canola meal; respectively as major source of protein. Eighteen 30-35 days old Afghani male lambs were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. Lambs were fed individually twice a day for a period of 60 days. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain was recorded. Results indicated that weight gain was significantly(p<0.05) higher(282 g/lamb/day) in lambs fed diet B as compared to lamvs fed on diets A(231 g/lamb/day) and C(242 g/lamb/day). No significant difference was found in feed intake among the diets. Significant difference(p<0.05) were noticed in feed efficiency in lambs fed on diets A(6.88), B(5.41) and C(6.17).The economic efficiency was observed to be the best on diet B as compared to diets A and C. It was concluded that Afghani lambs(30-35 days) can be reared on early weaning diets and soybean meal was found comparatively better protein source for early weaning diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.237-248
• /
• 1992

The effect of 16 different dietary rations, computed by the combinations of 13, 16, 19 or 22% CP and 2600, 2800, 3000 or 3100 kcal ME/kg, on growth performances and carcass yield of Starcross layers were assessed in two similar experiments. In both experiments, the body weight, eviscerated carcass yield, edible carcass yield, length of digestive tract and shank length increased but the feed intake decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CP and ME levels. The liver and gizzard weights as percentages of live weight tended to be increased with the increase of dietary CP and ME levels. The carcass dry matter, crude protein, fat, ash and energy content were not influenced by the dietary CP and ME levels. Dietary CP levels had positive correlations with all the parameters (except feed and energy intake and carcass dry matter). However, the dietary ME levels were positively correlated with all the parameters (except feed and energy intake; carcass dry matter and ash) in both experiments. The higher values were noted for all the parameters (except gizzard and carcass fat percentages) studied in Experiment 1 compared to those observed in Experiment 2.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.311-315
• /
• 2011

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary starch level and kind on the growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight: 1.5 g) were fed iso-nitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.8 kcal/g diet) diets containing 15-25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch and 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch. Survival was not affected by dietary starch level and kind. The weight gain of fish fed the diet containing 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diets containing 15% and 25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch levels. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the diets containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with increasing ${\alpha}$-potato starch. The daily feed intake of fish fed the diet containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and proximate composition of the whole body were not affected by the dietary starch level and kind. These results indicate that up to 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch could be incorporated into the juvenile flounder diet for optimum growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.434-440
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of modified glucomannan ($Mycosorb^{TM}$) on the antioxidant profile of egg yolk and tissues of newly hatched quail after aurofusarin inclusion in the maternal diet. Fifty-four 45 day-old Japanese quail were divided into three groups and were fed a corn-soya diet balanced in all nutrients ad libitum. The diet of the experimental quail was supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of Fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin or with aurofusarin plus $Mycosorb^{TM}$ at 1 g/kg feed. Eggs obtained after 8 weeks of feeding were analysed and incubated in standard conditions of $37.5^{\circ}C$/55% RH. Samples of quail tissues were collected from newly hatched quail. The main carotenoids, retinol, retinyl esters and malondialdehyde were analysed by HPLC-based methods. Inclusion of aurofusarin in the maternal diet was associated with decreased carotenoid and vitamin A concentrations in egg yolk and liver of newly-hatched quail. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation in quail tissues was enhanced. Inclusion of modified glucomannan ($Mycosorb^{TM}$) in the toxin-contaminated diet provided a significant protective effect against changes in antioxidant composition in the egg yolk and liver. It is suggested that a combination of mycotoxin adsorbents and natural antioxidants could be the next step in counteracting mycotoxins in animal feed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 2022

The food source of white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis is important to economical performance. The P. brevitarsis larva were feed by mulberry and oak fermented sawdust. The effect of additional additives, Korean black raspberry (called bokbunja) marc and blueberry marc to fermented sawdust feed on the development and oviposition characteristics were investigated. The development periods of P. brevitarsis was decreased from 165.7 d to 40.0 d (mulberry sawdust) and 169.3 d to 39.0 d (oak sawdust), but the survival rate of larva was not affected by the addition of Korean black raspberry marc to fermented sawdust. However, blueberry marc addition to the fermented sawdust did not significant effect on the development period and survival rate of P. brevitarsis. The percentage of larva weight over 2.5 g was tend to increase by addition of Korean black raspberry marc and/or blueberry marc. The number of oviposition was also tend to increase by adding additional feed to sawdust but there was no significant different.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.641-645
• /
• 1996

Ball screws are used in the feeding system for transmission of driving force. The friction effect between bed and table, which can affect in accuracyin one dimension feeding and describe the dynamic feeding error, could be simplified as a specific model through experiments. The experiments for dynamic feeding errors were performed om tje NC lathe eith a ball screw. The errors in feeding were measured with respect to the variances of feed, spindle speed and motor current for feeding. A rotary encoder and a current sensor were installed with NC lathe.