• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effets of chitosan and beef tallow at different level on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Dietary fot level was 20% and 40%, and chitosan was given at levels of 0%, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. Chitosan supplement tended to decrease the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio tended to increase with 5% chitosan supplementation. LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride tended to decrease with chitosan supplementation. Lipid concentration of liver and epididymal fat pad(EEP) tended to decrease with medium dietary fat and chitosan treatment. fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride exhibited a tendency to increase with high fat levels and chitosan. Length of small intestine and gastrointestinal transit time were not affected by dietary fit levels or chitosan supplements. Therefore, it could be suggested that chitosan supplement had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1112-1120, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 2015

Estrogen deficiency is associated with increased body weight and fat mass, resulting in obesity-associated complications such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extracts (BRE) on body weight and fat mass in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized (or sham-operated) rats were randomly blocked into three groups (n=8~10 per group): sham operated group (S), ovariectomized control group (OVX), and ovariectomized group with BRE 30 mg/kg B.W. (BRE). High fat diet (fat calories 45%) was fed to all experimental rats for 12 weeks. Final body weight, weight gain, and body fat weight showed significant increases in the OVX group, whereas they were reduced by BRE supplementation. Serum TAG, T-chol level, and adipocyte size were not significantly different among the three groups. However, ovariectomy-induced hepatic steatosis was improved in BRE-treated group. Moreover, in the BRE group, serum leptin levels was significantly lower and fecal total lipid concentrations was significantly higher compared to the OVX group. The gathered data suggest that BRE is a potentially useful ingredient to protect against estrogen deficiency-related obesity and its related diseases.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.883-895
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a fatty acid-balanced oil, instead of soybean oil, on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes, milk composition in lactating sows, and fecal microbial composition in piglets. Methods: Twenty-four sows (Landrace×Yorkshire, mean parity 4.96) were randomly allotted to two treatments with twelve pens per treatment and one sow per pen based on their backfat thickness and parity. The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation, lasting for 28 days. The control group (CG) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2% soybean oil and the experimental group (EG) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fatty acid-balanced oil. Results: The fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy in sows. The lower (p<0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels of sows were observed in the EG on day 21 of lactation. Dietary supplementation with the fatty acid-balanced oil decreased the fat content, increased the immunoglobulin G level, and changed (p<0.05) some fatty acid content in milk. Moreover, the fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation changed (p<0.05) the fecal microbial composition of piglets, where the average relative abundance of Spirochaetota was decreased (p<0.05) by 0.55% at the phylum level, and the average relative abundance of some potentially pathogenic fecal microorganism was decreased (p<0.05) at the species level. Conclusion: The fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, changed the serum biochemical indices and milk composition of sows, and ameliorated the fecal microbial composition of piglets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.429-434
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• 2011

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of brown rice (BR) on food intake, digestion, energy value, and fecal characteristics. Three replacement levels which BR replaced 0, 15 and 30% of wheat flour were tested. Six female Miniature Schnauzer (8~9 month age, initial mean body weight 5.0 ${\pm}$ 0.3 kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, acid hydrolyzed fat and gross energy except CP increased linearly (P<0.01), and observed digestible energy and metabolizable energy values also increased linearly (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) with increasing BR replacement level. Wet and dry fecal output decreased linearly (P<0.001, P=0.004) with increasing BR inclusion to the diets and BR 30% treatment reduced wet fecal output up to 21% of that of control. Quadratic (P<0.01) effects was observed in fecal score for dog fed BR and fecal ammonia concentration tended to increase linearly (P=0.07) in response to increasing BR replacement level. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease in shortchain fatty acid concentration (P=0.001). This study clearly demonstrates that BR improves nutrients digestibility and fecal characteristics of dog.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.614-621
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• 1997

The experiments were performed to investigate the effects of protein and protein hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rat model induced by feeding fat-enriched diet. In Except 1 male rats were fed four semi-purified high fat and cholesterol diets that contained different nitrogen source, casein(C), casein hydrolysate(CH), corn gluten(G) and corn gluten hydrolysate(GH), for 6 weeks. In Expt. 2 rats were fed high fat and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed the four kinds of above experimental diets for 4 weeks consecutively. The contents of total lipid , cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver and feces were determined. Serum lipid concentrations of CH, G and GH were significantly lower than that of C. Serum cholesterol concentrations of hydrolysate groups(CH and GH) were significantly lower than those of intact protein groups(C and G). Serum HDL -cholesterol concentration tended to increase by hydrolysate intake. The total lipid, cholesterol contents in liver showed similarity results as above. Fecal lipid excretions of CH, G, and GH groups were significantly higher than that of C group. These results indicate that hypolipidemic and /or hypocholesterolemic effect of corn gluten or protein hydrolysates were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat and cholesterol diet or after inducing hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.330-336
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of a green seaweed Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) on the serum, liver tissue, and fecal cholesterol levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (four weeks old) were given on of three diets for four weeks: basal, high cholesterol, and CFE, The total serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels in the CFE group were significantly decreased compared to those in the cholesterol group. The CFE group showed increased amounts of feces, total fecal bile acid and dietary fiber as compared to basal and cholesterol group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fat droplets in the livers of the rats in the cholesterol group; however, a decreased number of droplets was observed in the rats fed the CFE diet. Our results suggest that CFE supplementation may improve lipid metabolism, by controling serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels, and by increasing the total amounts of bile acid, dietary fiber and cholesterol excretion in feces.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are prevalent in the human colon and represent up to 90% of all bacteria in fecal samples of breast-fed infants, and 3~5% of adult fecal microbiota. Bifidobacteria produce organic acids, thus reducing the colon pH to a level inhibitory for pathogenic bacteria. They can also detoxify a number of toxic compounds and adhere to the colon mucosa, thus preventing the adherence of pathogens and induction of colon cancer. Recently, we identified a novel Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strain, KACC 91563, in a fecal sample of a Korean neonate, and demonstrated its functional properties. We showed that B. longum KACC 91563 alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression and produces antioxidative and antihypertensive peptides by casein hydrolysis. Dairy products are considered as an ideal food system for the delivery of probiotic cultures to the human gastrointestinal tract. Cheese affords protection to probiotic microbes during gastric transit due to its relatively high pH, more solid consistency, higher fat content, and higher buffering capacity. Incorporation of B. longum KACC 91563 into cheese making is currently under study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.423-437
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• 1989

A 4-week energy balance study was conducted to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) of 16 college age men and women, 20 to 26 year of age, by measurement of energy intakes and changes in body energy(BE) content(intake/balance technique), keeping their normal living pattern and maintenance body weight. Energy intake was measured by bomb calorimetry and estimated by food table. Fecal energy loss was calculated from nitrogen excreted. Fat mass was determined from body density estimated from skinfold tickness. 1) Gross energy (GE) intakes calculated from food table was not only 13.4% lower than those of bomb calorimetry but also lower 4 and 5% than metabolizable energy(ME) intakes for the male and female subjects, respectively. 2) Fecal energy loss was 7.2% and 6.9% proportion of the gross energy intake for the male and female subjects, respectively. 3) Mean daily metabolizable energy intakes estimated by subtract fecal and urinary energy loss was 2467kcal for the male subjects and 1897kcal for the female subjects. 4) Total body energy change estimated from body composition change over 31 days was decreased 7672kcal for the male subjects and 2689kcal for the female subjects. 5) Mean daily energy expenditure was 2714kcal (45kcal/kg of body weight) for the male subjects and 1984kcal(40kcal/kg of body weight) for the female subjects. 6) The estimated energy expenditure of college-age subjects in this study provide evidence to support the Recommended Dietary Allowances for energy of Korean normal adult.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-213
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated protein from white rice on lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing either casein or isolated rice protein for 4 weeks. Compared with rats fed a HCD with casein, the total cholesterol (TC) level in the plasma was significantly reduced in the rats fed rice protein. However, no significant differences were observed in the triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels among the experimental groups. Hepatic total lipids and TC levels were significantly decreased by supplementation with rice protein. In addition, rice protein significantly increased the levels of TC and bile acids in the feces. These results suggest that rice protein may improve HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia by enhancing fecal excretion of cholesterol.