• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.611-626
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• 2023

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica (SE) infections in pigs are major source associated with enteric disease such as post weaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus in weaned piglets challenged with pathogen bacteria. In Experiment.1 90 weaned piglets with initial body weights of 8.53 ± 0.34 kg were assigned to 15 treatments for 2 weeks. The experiments were conducted two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with E. coli and SE, respectively and five levels of probiotics (Control, Lactobacillus plantarum [LA], Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 [38W], Pediococcus acidilactici K [PK], Lactobacillus reuteri PF30 [PF30]). In Experiment.2 a total of 30 weaned pigs (initial body weight of 9.84 ± 0.85 kg) were used in 4 weeks experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 groups in a randomized complete way with 2 pens per group and 3 pigs per pen. Supplementation of LA and 38W improved (p < 0.05) growth performance, intestinal pathogen bacteria count, fecal noxious odor and diarrhea incidence. In conclusion, supplementation of 38W strains isolated from white kimchi can act as probiotics by inhibiting E. coli and SE.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.65.1-65.11
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• 2024

Importance: Recent developments in genetic analytical techniques have enabled the comprehensive analysis of gastrointestinal symbiotic bacteria as a screening tool for animal health conditions, especially the endangered gibbons at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC). Objective: High-throughput sequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the baseline gut bacterial composition and identify potential pathogenic bacteria among three endangered gibbons housed in the NWRC. Methods: Feces were collected from 14 individuals (Hylobates lar, n = 9; Hylobates agilis, n = 4; and Symphalangus syndactylus, n = 1) from March to November 2022. Amplicon sequencing were conducted by targeting V3-V4 region. Results: The fecal microbial community of the study gibbons was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (phylum level), Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae/Muribaculaceae (family level), and Prevotella (and its subgroups) (genera level). This trend suggests that the microbial community composition of the study gibbons differed insignificantly from previously reported conspecific or closely related gibbon species. Conclusions and Relevance: This study showed no serious health problems that require immediate attention. However, relatively low alpha diversity and few potential bacteria related to gastrointestinal diseases and streptococcal infections were detected. Information on microbial composition is essential as a guideline to sustain a healthy gut condition of captive gibbons in NWRC, especially before releasing this primate back into the wild or semi-wild environment. Further enhanced husbandry environments in the NWRC are expected through continuous health monitoring and increase diversity of the gut microbiota through diet diversification.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2010

Bifidobacteria comprises up to 25% of the cultivable fecal bacteria in adults and 80% in infants. Many in vivo and clinical research results supporting its efficacy in the prevention and improvement of gastrointestinal health have been accumulated. As a consequence, expert committee WHO/FAO expert committee recommended Bifidobacterium as representative probiotics together with Lactobacillus acidophilus. In this review, research trends in bifidobacteria concerning the classification and identification of the genus Bifidobacterium, modulation of intestinal microflora, improvement of constipation, prevention of diarrhea, alleviation of atopy and allergy, barrier function through antimicrobial activity andimmune enhancement of the host will be introduced. Several gene expression systems based on bifidobacterial plasmids have been developed and successfully used to express several heterologous genes including anticancer proteins in Bifidogacterium. In animal test, bifidobacteria was proven to be a promising candidate for safe gene delivery system which can specifically colonize in the solid tumor.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2004

Twelve strains of Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated from the feces of healthy Korean 20∼30 years. The identification of genera from isolates were performed by the microscopic observation and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) activity which is the key enzyme to distinguish the Bifidobacterium spp. from other anaerobic bacteria. To determine the antibacterial resistance patterns, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics (including anti-tuberculosis agents) was determined. Five of the isolate!, showed the high degree of resistance to vancomycin. To investigate the genetic diversity between isolates and type strain of Bifidobacterium spp. from KCTC, we peformed the RAPD-fingerprinting. Using a total set of four primers, it is possible to distinguish the isolates and Bifidobacterium spp. from KCTC. Thus, Bifidobacterium strains isolated from our samples may be a new species or strains of Bifidobacteriurn genera, and have the potential as a probiotics.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.605-609
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• 2007

The effects of lactic acid fermented yam yogurt (Yam/YG) on colon mucosal tissue were investigated in a loperamide-induced constipation rat models. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks with 3 types of diets (normal, supplemented with lactic acid bacteria, and supplemented with Yam/YG), and were then administered loperamide intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days. Administration of loperamide decreased fecal excretion and the moisture content of feces with increasing of numbers of pellets in the colon. On the histopathologic findings from hematoxylin and eosin (H& E) and alcian blue stainings, supplementation with Yam/YG resulted in the recovery of depleted goblet cells and mucin, and increased the numbers of Ki-67 positive cells, indicating restoration of colonic mucosa through cell proliferation and crypt regeneration against damages observed in crypt epithelial cells of loperamide-induced rats. These results indicate that Yam/YG improves evacuation and mucus production in the gastrointestinal tracts of constipated-induced rats.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.205.1-205.1
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• 2003

Bifidobacterium spp. is nonpathogenic. Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, which inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Bifidobacterium spp. plays important roles in human health. However. the influence of exogenous factors on species composition of fecal bifidobacteria is still unclear. In this study, we wished to determine whether presentation of exogenous OVA (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) could be enhanced by the culture supernatant of ten Bifidobacterium spp. (omitted)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.981-986
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• 1996

김치는 한국인의 대표적인 발효식품으로서 정장 작용이 있다고 여겨져 왔다. 그러나 이를 입증하는 객관적인 자료가 미비한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 김치의 섭취가 인체의 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인체 실험대상자는 10명으로 실험기간중의 이들의 식이는 생균제, 항생제, 유산균 발효 제품을 제외한 자유식을 섭취하게 하였다. 실험 기간은 10주로 2주 간격으로 김치 비섭취 및 섭치 기간을 반복했으며 섭취 기간 중에는 매일 200 g의 김치를 섭취하게 하였다. 각 기간별로 분변의 장내 미생물 균총 분포도(Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens), 변의 pH, 수분 함량 및 $\beta-glucosidase$, $\beta-glucuronidase$ 등의 효소활성도를 조사하였다. 조사 결과 김치의 섭취 기간 중 김치에 존재하는 젖산균인 Lactobacillus와 Leuconostoc의 수가 장내에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05) 그 외 조사된 다른 균총수의 변화는 유의적이지 않았다. 장내 유해효소로 알려진 $\beta-glucosidase$와 $\beta-glucuronidase$의 수준은 김치 섭취시에 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 보통의 조리조건과 위생적 조리조건에서 김밥을 조리하였을 때에, 각 조리조건하에서의 식자재(원재료),조리자의 손, 조리환경(조리기구 및 조리실),그리고 완성된 김밥의 미생물 품질을 살펴보고 이를 토대로 김밥조리과정 중의 중요관리점(CCPs)을 관찰하였다. 김밥과 그 원재료,조리자의 손, 그리고 조리기구(칼, 도마 및 김발)의 표준평판균, 대장균군, 분변성대장균군, 대장균, 황색포도상구균, 살모넬라균 등의 미생물을 식품공전에 준하여 측정하였으며 조리실의 미생물 오염도를 평가하였다. 모든 시료에서 대장균, 황색포도상구균 및 살모넬라균은 검출되지 않았으며 표준평판균, 대장균군 및 분변성대장균군은 보통의 조리조건에서보다 위생적 조건에서 현저하게 낮았다 김밥 원재료 중 비가열재료에서는 가열재료보다 표준평판균 및 대장균군수가 많이 검출되었다. 두 조건에서 조리실의 공중낙하균은 모두 양호한 수준이었다. 위생적 조리조건에서 만든 김밥은 보통의 조리조건에서 만든 김밥 에 비하여 표준평판균과 대장균군이 1/100수준이었으나 아직 분변성대장균군이 검출되었다. 따라서 비가열재료, 조리기구 및 조리자의 손의 미생물 오염, 그리고 조리 중의 교차오염이 김밥 미생물 오염의 주요 근원으로 지적되며, 비가열재료의 취급, 조리기구의 세척과 소독 및 조리자의 손씻기 단계가 CCPs로 제시된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

Hand-washing is one of the major factors in personal hygiene and public health. This study was undertaken to investigate the hygienic behavior of food-service employees, focusing on awareness of hand washing, hand washing practices, and the load of index microorganisms (aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the hands of food-service employees. A questionnaire survey completed by direct interview, direct observation of restrooms by the researcher and trained observers, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea were carried out. In the survey, a positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food-service employees were seen under direct observation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observations in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agents, use of hand washing tools, washing of different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from employees' hands before washing showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken during work and/or after washing (p<0.05). Poor hand washing practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on the hands of some food-service employees. This study showed that there is a marked difference between the food-service employees' awareness of hand-washing and their actual hand-washing practices. The poor hand hygiene of and improper hand washing by the food-service employees should be addressed for improved food safety.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2013

From May to June 2012, a waterborne outbreak of 124 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the plumbing system of an older high-rise apartment complex in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The residents of this apartment complex had symptoms of watery diarrhea and vomiting. Tap water samples in the apartment complex and its adjacent buildings were collected and tested for 57 parameters under the Korean Drinking Water Standards and for additional 11 microbiological parameters. The microbiological parameters included total colony counts, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus, fecal streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, total culturable virus, and Norovirus. While the tap water samples of the adjacent buildings complied with the Korean Drinking Water Standards for all parameters, fecal bacteria and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the tap water samples of the outbreak apartment complex. It turned out that the agent of the disease was Cryptosporidium parvum. The drinking water was polluted with sewage from a septic tank in the apartment complex. To remove C. parvum oocysts, we conducted physical processes of cleaning the water storage tanks, flushing the indoor pipes, and replacing old pipes with new ones. Finally we restored the clean drinking water to the apartment complex after identification of no oocysts.