• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2014

In China and South East Asia, the duck (common duck) is important in egg production for human consumption. Plumage color is a breed characteristic and of economic importance, together with egg production. Our aim in this study was to investigate the inheritance of plumage color in three Chinese indigenous egg-type duck breeds, Shan Ma (S), Putian White (F) and Putian black (P), and some of their crossbreds. These three breeds have different plumage color and are used in crossbreeding. The crossbred laying ducks $F{\times}(P{\times}S)$ and $F{\times}(S{\times}P)$ showed highly improved laying ability but heterogeneous plumage color. Genotypes at four relevant loci were investigated by studying down color and pattern in ducklings after crossbreeding. $F_1$ ducklings from the matings $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$, $P{\times}S$, and $S{\times}P$ were classified into four classes of plumage color (the Shan Ma plumage color, black, white, or multicolored) over three generations. Parents were selected for the Shan Ma plumage color of their progeny. In the fourth generation, P male and P female ducks were selected according to the frequency of the desired class of plumage color (Shan Ma) of their $F_1$ progeny to obtain the so-called "Brown Putian Ma duck". The Shan Ma duck genotype was identified as having the restricted mallard color pattern ($M^RM^R$), full expression of any of the patterns or colors (CC), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian White genotype was recessive white (cc), no extended black (ee) and no brown dilution D (D). The Putian Black genotype exhibited full expression of extended black (E gene) and no brown dilution (CCEE D [D]). It was shown that $F{\times}S$ and $S{\times}F$ tests should be implemented to eliminate the recessive white c allele in the S line and the dominant extended black E allele in the F line. It was also shown that the Brown Putian Ma obtained from Putian Black, with no extended black genotype (ee), could be used to get rid of the black plumage (E gene) in the crossbred ducks. This could provide a solution for producing 3-way crossbred ducks Putian $White{\times}$(Putian-$Ma{\times}Shan$ Ma) and Putian $White{\times}$(Shan $Ma{\times}Putian$-Ma), with the desired Shan Ma feather color.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

여러 가지 종류의 단백질 원료를 혼합하여 성장이 좋고, 가격이 싼 조피볼락용 배합사료를 개발하기 위해 설계한 사료의 효과를 사육실험을 통해 조사하였다. 북양어분 간접식 $29\%$와 갈색 어분 $29\%$ 첨가구를 대조구로 정하고 원료의 필수아미노산 조성을 고려하여 대두박, 콘글루텐 밀, 육분, 혈분, 우모분, 소맥분을 각각 다른 비율로 첨가하여 어분 단백질원인 북양어분과 갈색어분을 $40\%$에서 $65\%$까지 대체한 사료 6종류와 RMP(생사료+분말사료)구를 선정하여 총 8종류의 실험사료를 제조하였다. 33 g 전후의 조피볼락을 실험사료마다 각각 3반복으로 15주간 사육 실험한 결과, 증체율은 사료 2, 3, 4구와 RMP 사료가 대조구와 유의차없이 좋은 결과를 보였다(P>0.05). 반면에 사료효율은 RMP구가 가장 높았고, 사료 7이 가장 낮았다. 어체 1 kg 증육시키는데 소요되는 사료원가는 RMP구가 1,332원으로 가장 높았고, 대조구가 539원으로 나타났으며, 그 외 사료들은 $452\~498$원으로 비슷하였다. 위와 같이 사료 $5\~7$을 제외한 사료들은 성장효과가 대조구와 유의차가 없어 30 g 이상의 어체에서는 식물성 및 동물성 원료를 적절히 혼합 첨가하면 사료중의 어분을 $55\%$까지 대체 가능하였으며, 양식 생산비를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2010

법주사 철확의 부식상태 및 미세조직 분석을 통해 제작기법을 추정하고자 광학현미경, SEM-EDS, 미소경도계, XRD를 이용하여 자연과학적 연구를 실시하였다. 표면층의 미세조직에서는 페라이트와 일부 펄라이트 조직이 관찰되었다. 내부층에서는 펄라이트 조직과 깃털모양의 흑연이 관찰되었으며, 중간 경계층에서는 심한 부식현상이 관찰된다. 미소경도는 조직별로 217Hv~698Hv 값의 범위를 가졌으며, 이는 일반적으로 고대 철제유물에서 보이는 경도 값 범위이다. 각 층별 미세조직에 대한 성분분석 결과, 표면층이 내부층에 비해 탈탄이 많이 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 금속 부식화합물의 XRD 동정 결과, 일반적인 금속유물의 부식과정에서 만들어지는 침철석과 적철석이 동정되었다. 결론적으로 법주사의 대형 철확은 주조기술로 제작되었으며, 내부는 흑연을 포함한 회주철 조직을 보이고 있다. 또한 표면층은 사용과정에서 가열과 냉각의 반복으로 탈탄작용이 일어났다. 이러한 연구결과는 대형 철확의 제작기법을 밝히는데 중요한 비교자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1976

Perilla (frutescens) seed oil, which is widely used as a source of vegetable oil in Korea, contains a strikingly large amount (58.4% of total fatty acids) of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18 : 3) which is one of the essential fatty acids. Our hypothesis was that vitamin E contained in this oil would not be enough to prevent peroxidation of this polyunsaturated oil. A comparative study was carried out using rats and chicks devided into seven groups with various diet combinations emphasizing fat sources for the period of four weeks. The level of fat in each diet was 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. Various diet combinations were as follows; perilla seed oil and sesame seed oil with and without vitamin E supplementation, tallow as a saturated fat source and perilla seed hull group (10% at the expense of carbohydrate). The fat constituents of control group were consisted of 50% vegetable oil and 50% animal fat. A few important findings are as follows: 1. Rats fed perilla seed oil lost their hair focally around the neck and suffered from a bad skin lesion at the same place. In chicks, yellow pigmentation both of feather and of skin was clearly observed only in groups fed perilla seed oil with or without vitamin E supplementation. The basis of biochemical mechanisms of this phenomena remains as an important research interest. 2. The mean value for hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet. This result seems to be attributable to the effect on the red cell membrane known as peroxidation-hemolysis of vitamin E deficiency. 3. The serum cholesterol level was higher for the rats fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet, whereas in chicks the group fed perilla seed oil showed lower value than the control group indicating that different animal species could vary in their responses to the same diet. 4. In pathological examinations, the sign of hepatic fibrosis was seen in the perilla seed hull group and it was noticeable that the level of hepatic RNA was significantly increased in the rat recovering from vitamin E deficiency. It is hoped that more detailed studies on perilla seed oil and hulls will soon be carried out in many aspects especially i) at various levels of fat in the diet, ii) in relation to dietary selenium level and iii) to find an optimum level of dietary essential fatty acids in terms of P/S ratio using various animal species. In the mean time, the public should be informed to preserve this particular oil with care to minimize fatty acid oxidation and should be discouraged from overconsuming this oil. This study was supported by UB (United Board) Research Grant (Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea)

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2001

조피볼락을 실험어로 하여 사료 단백질의 함량과 단백질원을 달리하여 공급한 후 동물의 성장인자 중 하나인 Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)과 IGFBP-3의 혈중농도를 검토하였다. 사료 단백질의 함량이 $50\%\sim60\%$ 급여군에서 성장이 좋았고, 혈액중 IGF-I 농도도 높게 나타났다. 그리고 콘글루텐과 우모분 보다 질적으로 우수한 어분, 대두박분, 육분을 첨가한 사료로 사육한 조피볼락의 혈액중 IGF-I과 IGFBP-3가 높은 것으로 나타났으므로, 어류 단백질 대사수준을 파악하는 지표로 활용이 가능하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2019

원주 법천사지(사적 제466호)에서 파편 상태로 출토된 치미의 제작기법을 조사하고 보존처리(복원)를 진행하였다. 치미의 제작기법 조사 결과는 동체부 제작, 날개부와 깃 부착, 장식부 제작, 상·하단 사절흔, 상·하단 연결을 위한 투공, 조형적 특징 등으로 나누어 서술하였다. 보존처리는 예비조사, 이물질 제거, 강화처리, 접합 및 복원, 색맞춤 순서로 진행하였다. 특히 접합 후 결손 부위의 원형 복원을 위해 3차원스캐닝 데이터를 활용하여 위치, 크기, 각도 등을 추정하였다. 복원한 치미는 높이 118 cm, 무게 121 kg에 이르는 대형 치미로서 이는 국내 완형(복원) 토제 치미 중 5번째로 큰 크기이다. 또한 깃이 뾰족한 형태의 치미는 현재까지의 국내에 알려진 유사 사례가 없어 희귀한 자료가 될 것으로 예상한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.221-239
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• 2009

Background: The recent outbreak of the novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus has raised a global concern of the future risk of pandemic. Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) has been combatting against contagious diseases and developed its own particular and efficient way in treating those diseases. Objectives: Provide a distinctive and effective TKM method in understanding the principles of treatment, prevention, and contraindications against influenza A through case histories. Method: We revised case histories of eminent doctors of Ming and Qing dynasties according to their clinical manifestations similar to those of influenza A. We also verified prescriptions of the "Dong-uibogam(東醫寶鑑)" through examining clinical practices of China today. Results: 1. The subtypes of Warm disease; Wind Warmth and Pestilence has the most similar clinical manifestation in comparison to Influenza A. Specifying these terms is important in recognizing and classifying various diseases under the name of Warm disease. 2. TKM considered not only external factors but also individual factors like general condition, diet, emotion, constitutional types, etc in the treatment of febrile diseases. 3. TKM developed a new way in the treatment of contagious diseases. considering the characteristics of each pathogen. TKM described the Warm pathogen being light as a feather, which enters through the nose, principally affecting the Lung. Therefore, they emphasized treatment with Pungent Sweet Cooling Moistening[辛甘凉潤] method. 4. As the conservation of fluid and humor is the primordial concern in the treatment of Warm disease, they restricted release of the exterior with pungent-warm and purgation method. The purgation methods was used exclusively to decrease fever and preserve fluid and humor. 5. The only differentiating characteristics of Influenza A with seasonal influenza are vomiting and diarrhea. Case research revealed the possibility of these manifestations to be a mechanism of restoration. 6. TKM provides alimento prevention method like Mint Pear Porridge, mung bean, and etc also combination of herbal medicine. Also emphasized in the conservation of essence for the prevention of contagious diseases. Conclusions: TKM developed its unique way in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of contagious diseases and formed its independent scheme of Warm Disease. This knowledge in febrile contagious disease is relevant today in providing diverse treatment and prevention for influenza A.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.410-416
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• 2015

Recently, a new $Y_2O_3$ coating deposited using the EB-PVD method has been developed for erosion resistant applications in fluorocarbon plasma environments. In this study, surface crack formation in the $Y_2O_3$ coating has been analyzed in terms of residual stress and elastic modulus. The coating, deposited on silicon substrate at temperatures higher than $600^{\circ}C$, showed itself to be sound, without surface cracks. When the residual stress of the coating was measured using the Stoney formula, it was found to be considerably lower than the value calculated using the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of bulk $Y_2O_3$. In addition, amorphous $SiO_2$ and crystalline $Al_2O_3$ coatings were similarly prepared and their residual stresses were compared to the calculated values. From nano-indentation measurement, the elastic modulus of the $Y_2O_3$ coating in the direction parallel to the coating surface was found to be lower than that in the normal direction. The lower modulus in the parallel direction was confirmed independently using the load-deflection curves of a micro-cantilever made of $Y_2O_3$ coating and from the average residual stress-temperature curve of the coated sample. The elastic modulus in these experiments was around 33 ~ 35 GPa, which is much lower than that of a sintered bulk sample. Thus, this low elastic modulus, which may come from the columnar feather-like structure of the coating, contributed to decreasing the average residual tensile stress. Finally, in terms of toughness and thermal cycling stability, the implications of the lowered elastic modulus are discussed.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1998

참전복 사료에 적합한 단백질원을 조사하기 위하여 카제인, 어분, 육분, 우모분, 혈분, 대두박, 콘글루텐 밀, 면실박, 미역분을 첨가한 배합사료와 천연 먹이인 생미역과 건조 다시마를 선정하여 그 이용성을 비교하였다. 평균체중 0.11 g인 치패를 실험수조마다 70마리씩 수용하여 18주간 사육한 결과, 생존률은 카제인, 북양어분, 육분, 우모분, 미역분과 소맥분을 첨가한 실험구들이 서로 유의차없이(P>0.05) 타 실험구보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 실험구들의 최종평균체중은 0.27~0.74 g으로 북양어분을 첨가한 실험구가 0.74 g으로 가장 높았으며, 대두박 및 미역분말을 첨가한 실험구들이 북양어분 첨가구와 유의적인 차이없이(P>0.05) 양호한 결과를 보였다. 카제인 첨가구는 0.64 g으로 북양어분 첨가구와는 유의차를 보였으나(P<0.05). 다음으로 면실박과 소백분 첨가구가 0.55~0.57 g으로 양호한 성적을 보였으며, 육분 첨가구는 0.44 g, 천연 먹이인 생미역과 건조 다시마 공급구는 0.29~0.34 g, 우모분과 콘글루텐 밀 첨가구는 0.26~0.27 g으로 나타났으며, 혈분 첨가구가 0.19 g으로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다(P<0.05). 증체율과 각장 및 각폭도 평균체중 변화와 유사한 경향이었다. 실험 종료시 가식부의 수분과 단백질 함량은 각각 78.5~79.6% 및 13.2~14.2%로 사료의 단백질원에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다(P>0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 어분, 대두박, 면실박, 미역분말 또는 소백분은 참전복 사료의 훌륭한 단백질원이 될 것으로 기대되어 참전복 사료의 단가를 절감시키고, 사료의 질을 향상시키는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

The present study aims to evaluate protein and phosphorus availabilities of five different dietary protein sources during the 6-week feeding trial in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus as determined by growth performance and phosphorus retention. Five diets containing blood meal (BM), poultry by-product (PBP), squid liver powder (SLP), feather meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of five test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. As a reference diet, BD contains three different protein sources such as white fish meal, casein and gelatin. After 2 weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging 2.7$\pm$0.02g (mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as a group of 30 fish reared in the recirculating system. Fish of triplicate groups were fed one of six experimental diets (BD+five test diet). After 6-week feeding trial, pro- tein efficency ratio (PER) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in experiment groups. While fish fed PBP diet showed a significant higher PER as compared to the FM diet, and fish fed SLP diet and BD were a higher PER than did fish fed PBP diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed SLP diet, BD and SM diet, and between SM diet and PBP diet. Phosphorus retention efficiency of bone (PR $E_{b}$) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in all the diets, and fish fed FM diet showed a higher PE $R_{b}$ than fish fed BD and SM diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed FM diet, SLP diet and PBP diet, and among SLP diet, PBP diet, SM diet and BD. These results indicate that SLP could be a suitable protein source for low pollution diets of olive flounder in the future fish feeds market. Furthermore, PBP and SM are available protein source to reduce P waste in the oliver flounder aquaculture with the use of proper mixture of other protein sources and more processing to improve protein availibility of these.ese.