• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.391-396
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 김치의 저장기간에 따른 pH, 총산, 향기성분 및 관능검사를 실시하여 풍미, 식미감 및 기호도 면에서 가장 뛰어난 김치의 조건을 찾아내고, 위 김치의 분말첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 BFS(Breakfast Sausage)에 대한 관능검사를 실시하여 담백한 맛과 향을 제공하면서 영양성과 보존성이 뛰어난 동결 김치분말 첨가 BFS(Breakfast Sausage)를 개발하고자 한 논문으로 그 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH는 김치의 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 pH 5.5에서 pH 3.9로 낮아졌고 총산은 0.35%에서 0.82%로 높아졌으며, 관능검사 결과는 저장 18일이 가장 높은 선호도를 보였으며, 그 다음은 저장 12일부터 18일 사이에 비교적 높은 선호도를 보였다. 따라서 pH 4.0, 총산 0.73%을 나타낸 저장 18일째의 김치를 동결 건조하여 동결김치분말 첨가 BFS(breakfast sausage)의 제조에 사용하였다. 2. 김치(pH 4.0, 총산 0.73%, 저장 18일)의 향기 성분을 분석한 결과는 aldehyde류가 5종, acid가 4종, ester가 5종, sulfide1종, alcohol 1종 등으로 나타났다. 3. 동결김치분말의 첨가량을 0, 3, 6, 9%로 달리하여 제조한 BFS(breakfast sausage)를 굽지 않고 실시한 관능검사 결과, 색은 김치분말 9%첨가군(6.65점)이, 맛(6.45점)과 전반적인 기호도(6.25점)는 김치분말 3% 첨가군이, 부드러움은 Cotrol군(5.70점)이, 매운 맛은 김치분말 9% 첨가군(6.85점)이 가장 좋게 평가되었고, 구운 뒤 실시한 관능 평가 결과, 색(7.15점), 맛(7.10점), 부드러움(6.00점), 전반적인 기호도(7.15점) 등 거의 모든 평가항목에서 김치 분말첨가 3%군이 가장 좋게 평가되었다. 또한 구운 것과 굽지 않은 것을 비교하면 구운 것이 안 구운 것보다 좋은 점수를 받았다. 따라서 동결김치분말 3%를 첨가하여 구워 만드는 BFS(breakfast sausage)가 가장 우수한 제품이라고 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2005

The application of Dongchimi liquid into Naengmyon broth for the improved eating quality of Naengmyon was scientifically explored by reviewing the quality properties of the product. Primarily, the optimum fermentation conditions for Dongchimi from which the liquid portion was extracted were pursued and the optimum mixing ratio was sought on the basis of sensory and microbiological properties of the product. The liquid portions which had been periodically extracted from Dongchimi at intervals of two or five days during fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$ were added to Naengmyon broth. The treatments were prepared with three levels, namely, basic broth only('A') and the ratios of 3:7(v/v, 'B') and 5:5(v/v, 'C') of Dongchimi liquid and basic broth, respectively. According to assessments of Dongchimi liquid on taste and intensity based on sensory analyses, the organoleptic factors such as color, smell, sour taste, carbonated taste, and overall acceptability were given higher values from day 11 to day 17 in all items. As for the assessment of Dongchimi liquid on intensity, color, sour odor, moldy odor, and carbonated taste have shown the increasing scores during with high intensities while those for clearness has stayed low. Most of the phenomena observed from the Naengmyon broth substituted with $30\%$ (Treatment 'A') and $50\%$ (Treatment 'B') of Dongchimi liquids with different storage periods ensued much of the previous fermentation pattern of Dongchimi itself. Organoleptic assessment on taste and its intensity showed that better(the best) scores could be obtained at between day 16$\~$25(17) and 13$\~$20(15) for Treatments A and B, respectively. The intensity scores of taste for color, smell, carbonated taste, sour taste, and mouthfeel were increased while those for clearness, palatability, and meaty ones were decreased with lapse of fermentation. The numbers of total cell and lactic acid bacterial counts of Dongchimi has increased until day 13 and then decreased in the later stages. Total cell count and lactic acid bacterial counts of Naengmyon broth also increased until the 13th day and then they began to decrease. It was also proven that slightly over-ripened Dongchimi liquid was more preferable for adding into Naengmyon broth. Granting the optimum ripening period of Dongchimi liquid itself to be 13 days, both Treatment A and Treatment B were evenly favored using Dongchimi liquids slightly over-ripened at days 13 to 17. However, Treatment A was more favored than Treatment B when Dongchimi liquid over-ripened for 20 to 26 days was used.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.444-449
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 블루베리를 첨가하여 막걸리를 제조하였으며, 블루베리 함량 차이에 따른 막걸리의 발효특성을 비교하였다. pH는 담금 직후 대조군(0%)이 6.6로 가장 높았고, 블루베리 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 다소 낮았다. 모든 시험구에서 발효 2일 후 pH가 현저히 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 최종 pH는 3.7~3.8이었다. 총 산도는 발효 3일까지 급격히 증가하였으며, 이후 완만히 증가 또는 감소하여 발효 종료 후 1.0~1.1%로 나타났다. Brix 당도는 담금 직후 1.8~2.2 Brix이었으며, 대조구가 가장 낮았고 블루베리 첨가비율이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 발효 2일 후 각 시험구의 당도는 13.9~15.3 Brix로 최대값을 나타냈고, 이후 발효 종료 시까지 당도는 완만히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 환원당은 발효초기 8.0~8.5%로 모든 시험구에서 급격히 증가하였으나, 발효 2일 경과 시에 8.0~8.5%로 모든 시험구에서 급격히 증가하였으며, 대조구 및 블루베리 20% 첨가구가 기타 시험구에 비해 다소 높았다. 발효 3일 이후 알코올 발효과정의 진행으로 현저히 감소되었으며, 대조구가 블루베리를 첨가한 시험구에 비해 다소 낮게 유지되었다. 알코올 함량은 모든 시험구에서 발효 3일까지 급격히 증가하였다. 대조군과 블루베리 5% 첨가구의 경우 발효 종료 시 최대값을 나타냈으며, 블루베리를 10% 이상 첨가한 시험구의 경우 알코올 함량이 최대값을 나타낸 발효일수는 4~5일로 나타났다. 총 균수 및 효모 균체수는 모든 시험구가 발효 3일째 최대값을 나타내었다. 관능평가결과 색상의 경우 대조군이 6.1로 가장 높았고, 블루베리를 20% 첨가한 시험구가 가장 낮은 4.6로 나타났다. 향은 유의수준 p<0.05에서 유의수준에 차이가 없었고, 모든 시험구에서 보통 이상의 기호도를 보였다. 블루베리를 10% 이하로 첨가 시 종합적 기호도가 우수하고, 블루베리 막걸리의 개발 상품화 가능성이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.599-605
• /
• 2017

Korean native honey (KNH) is much more expensive than European honey (EH) in Korea, because KNH is a favored honey which is produced less than EH. Food fraud of KNH has drawn attention of the government office concerned, which is in need of a method to differentiate between KNH and EH which are produced by the Asiatic honeybee, Apis cerana and the European honeybee, Apis mellifera, respectively. A method to discriminate KNH and EH was established by using duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in this study. Immunochromatographic assay (IC) was examined to analyze the duplex PCR product. The DNA sequences of primers for the duplex PCR were determined by comparing cytochrome C oxidase genes of the two honey bee species. Chelex resin method was more efficient in extracting genomic DNA from honey than the other two procedures of commercial kits. The duplex PCR amplifying DNA of 133 bp were more sensitive than that amplifying DNA of 206 bp in detecting EH in the honey mixture of KNH and EH. Agarose gel electrophoresis and IC detected the DNA of 133 bp at the ratios of down to 1% and 5% EH in the honey mixture, respectively and also revealed that several KNH products distributed by internet shopping sites were actually EH. In conclusion, the duplex PCR with subsequent IC could also discriminate between KNH and EH and save time and labor.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.624-633
• /
• 2016

This study identified the sensory properties of samples of pizza dough at three pizza companies and three masonry oven pizzerias from Seoul, Korea and compared consumer acceptability among panels of university students. Six pizza dough samples were prepared (pan pizzas from Pizza Hut, Mr.pizza, and Dominos pizza, masonry oven baked pizzas from Appleteen, Mr.Lee's, and Pizza factory). Consumer tests were employed involving 97 Korean consumers. Consumers evaluated overall liking (OL), liking of appearance (APPL), odor (ODL), flavor (FLL), and texture (TXTL), willing to try (WT), and willing to recommend (WR) for the samples using a nine-point hedonic scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that HutP, MrP, and DomP samples had significantly (p<0.05) high scores for roughness, porosity, crust color, grain size, brownness, dairy food aroma, savory taste, and yeast aroma, which had the highest OL, ODL, and FLL scores. LeeP, ATeenP, and PFacP samples had high elasticity, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness. Consumers favored the appearance characteristics and color, dairy product flavor, and savory flavor of the pan pizza and preferred cohesiveness, toughness, and stickiness of masonry oven baked pizza.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2008

Survey on the food intake status and health condition of the elerly over 65 years old living in Damyang Jeonnam was performed and meal menus for the pavillion were developed using local products. Allowance of the elderly less than 100,000 won was 45%. The local products of the area recognized by the elderly were bamboo shoot (30%) > bamboo (22.5%) > bamboo basket (12.5%) > do not know (15%) > green tea (10%) > rice(7.5%) > vegetable. In dental health, 52.5% of them had bad condition but 62.5% did not use denture at all. The most favorate foods were Korean (92.5%) and Chinese and Japanese were favored by 5%, and 2.5%, respectively. In percentage of eat-out and use of instant foods, 42.5% of them answered that eating-out chances were very rare and 62.5% answered that they do not use instant foods at all. Potassium intakes for the male and female elderly were significantly very low with values of 2579.2 mg and 2601 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). Calorie intakes for men were 1678.5 kcal, which was only 84% of RI and 1470.8 kcal for women (92%). Shortages of nutrition including calcium intake and others were very serious and the meal was not nutritionally balanced based upon the study of GMDFO. The menu for the elderly in busy farming season of the area were developed with the use of local products and the information from the study.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.185-203
• /
• 2017

This research analyzed consumer culture and usage of sugar in modern times based on 12 modern popular Korean cooking books with sugar recipes. Procedures were formed via textual analysis. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in brief statements. According to "Banchandeungsok", "Booinpilj", and "Chosunmoossangsinsikyorijebeob", sugar was utilized in 34 out of 663 or 5.1% of cooked foods during the 1910s to 1920s. According to books such as "Ganpyounchosunyorijebeob", "Ililhwalyongsinyoungyangyoribeob", "Chosun's cooking of the four seasons", "Halpaengyoungoo", "Chosunyorijebeob", and "Required reading for housewife", sugar was added to 165 out of 998 or 16.5% of cooked foods during the 1930s. According to the books like "Chosunyorihak", "Chosunyoribeob", and "Woorieumsik", sugar was an ingredient in 241 out of 756 or 31.9% of cooked foods during the 1940s. Sugar depicted within the 12 modern popular Korean cooking books primarily functioned as an alternative sweetener, starch, sweet enhancer, preservative, and seasoning. Similar to illustrated sugar from modern popular Korean cooking books, sugar has continually been favored by Korean cooks starting from the 1910s with 5.1% usage, the 1930s with 16.5% usage, and the 1940s with 31.9% usage. Despite its short history, sugar's culinary importance in Korea has been on the rise ever since the early 1900s. Although sugar is an exotic spice in Korea, it has gained social, cultural, and symbolic recognition as well as practicality within Korean food culture. Thus, it has become more internalized and familiarized as an inseparable sweetness that characterizes current Korean food.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 1995

In this survey, we investigated the way of thinking about meal management of housewives including the sincerity to meal preparation, the eating practices and cronic degenerative diseases related dietary behaviors, and studied the effects of above factors on the real food intakes. We also investigated the trends of health-foods and nutrient supplements usage. The results obtained from 506 housewives in Seoul were summarized as follows. Although our subjects prepared their meals habitually without special concern, they did not prefer the use of convenient foods. The food prefrence of housewivess who had more child and refered higher life status was similar with other family members. The dietary attitudes were good in large family, the higher income and the more child group. The highly educated group skipped breakfast more frequently. The mealmanagers with better education career and good living status considered for the restriction of salty foods, sweet foods, animal fats and pungent foods, and for the nutritionally balanced diet. The high income group showed great concerns about weight gain at meal times. The nutritional qualities expressed by the frequency of food group intakes were high in the better educated and living status groups, and their eating frequencies of animal protein foods and calcium sources were significantly high. Mealmanagers who had no job intaked vegetable oils through frying foods frequently. The use of health-foods and nutrient supplements was influenced by age, educational and economic level and self-estimated living status, but the trends in prevalence of both were not consistent. Health-foods were prefered by the groups of high educational career, affluent income and advanced living status, and low educational career, low income and low living status groups favored the nutrient supplements. The restrictive intake of animal fat and the use of health-food were positively correlated, which seemed that the subjects used health-foods as supplements in compensation for nutritional unbalance caused by the avoidance of animal protein foods.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2001

Differences in dietary intake of Korean Americans (KA) by the length of residence in the U.S. were studied in relation to health and disease patterns in Michigan. Of 1860 questionnaires mailed, 637 (34.3%) responded with demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported disease patterns, lifestyle, and dietary patterns (93-item FFQ developed for KA). Complete responses were available for 498 people (263 men,253 women, aged 30-87 yr), who were then divided into three groups based on the number of years lived in the U.S.: 15y, 16-25y, 26y. Age-adjusted weight, height, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were within the normal ranges and did not differ among the three groups. Chronic diseases frequently reported in men and women (age-adjusted) included hypertension (14.4%, 14.1%), digestive diseases (5.4%, 8.5%), diabetes (3.6%,4.9%), and arthritis(3.3%, 12.5%), respectively. The length of residence in the U.S. was inversely associated with the age-adjusted prevalence of digestive diseases (12.4%, 6.5%, 0.4% in men, 13.0%, 11.7%, 0% in women). The length of residence was positively associated with health consciousness, receiving regular health care, taking supplements regularly, and exercising, while inversely related to smoking. The majority favored American foods for breakfast and Korean foods for dinner. Foods frequently consumed included cooked rice (w/other grains). kimchi, coffee (w/cream and sugar),bread (white and dark), citrus juice, milk (low fat and skim), lettuce and cucumber, apple, seaweed, and soda. Intake frequency of the Korean starch food group was inversely associated with the length of residence for both men and women (p<0.001), but not with the American starch food group. Fat intake did not differ by the length of residence in the U.S. The dietary changes were associated with the length of residence and chronic disease patterns for the first generation of KA, which should be further examined 'for the subsequent generation of KA.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.406-412
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of saltwort on the quality characteristics of tofu. In addition, we examined the potential for commercialization of tofu containing saltwort. For this study, saltwort was added to tofu at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% and quality and sensory tests were administered. Analyzing the mineral contents of saltwort juice, K was present in the greatest amount, followed by Mg, P, Ca, and F (in decreasing order). There were significant differences in yield rates and turbidity between the groups. Acidity was highest in the control group, and acidity and volume of tofu tended to decrease with an increase in saltwort powder. L value and a value decreased as the content of slaltwort powder increased, but b value increased with increasing saltwort powder concentration. Hardness, chewiness, and gumminess were rated higher in the control and the 4% supplement groups than the others groups. In the sensory evaluation, cross section and soybean flavor were the highest in the 4% saltwort supplement group, and the presence of an "off-flavor" increased with the content of saltwort powder. The saltiness score was highest in the 20% supplement group. The 4% and 8% supplement groups were favored in the "feel after swallowing" assessment. Softness was the lowest in the 20% supplement group, and the 4% supplement group had the highest overall acceptability. As demonstrated by these results, the addition of saltwort positively affected the overall sensory evaluation of tofu and supplementation with saltwort at 4% and 8% might be considered the most appropriate choices. In conclusion, saltwort tofu expected to increase the functionality of new products, particularly with respect to product variety and health improvement.