• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

Objective: This study compared the meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, and fatty acids between Jinjiang yellow cattle (JJ) and F1 Simmental${\times}$Jinjiang yellow cattle (SJ) which were offered the same diet. Methods: Six JJ and six SJ individuals were reared and fattened from 10 to 26 months of age. After feeding, the highrib (HR), ribeye (RB), and tenderloin (TL) samples were taken from the carcass for meat quality evaluations. Results: The results showed that growth performance of SJ was higher than that of JJ (higher live weight and average daily gain), and the hot carcass weight of SJ was higher than that of JJ (p<0.05). pH of JJ was higher than that of SJ in TL (p<0.05); the color of $a^{\ast}$ of SJ was higher than that of JJ in TL and RB (p<0.05); the cooking loss of SJ was significantly lower than that of JJ in TL and RB (p<0.05); the shear force value was significantly lower in SJ compared to JJ (p<0.05); the muscle fiber diameter was higher and the fiber density was lower in SJ compared to JJ in HR and TL (p<0.05); compared to SJ, the muscles of JJ had higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition; the sum of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were lower in the muscle of JJ; the mRNA expressions of myosin heavy chain-I (MyHC-I) and MyHC-IIa were higher in SJ compared to JJ in muscle of HR and RB; the mRNA expressions of MyHC-IIx and MyHC-IIb were lower in SJ compared to JJ in HR and RB (p<0.05). Conclusion: Meat quality and fatty acid profile differed between SJ and JJ; the muscle of SJ had higher $a^{\ast}$ and SFA; SJ had lower cooking loss, shear force and PUFA compared to the muscle of JJ. In addition, the type and development characteristics of the muscle fiber had some difference between SJ and JJ; these might be factors which caused the differences in meat quality and fatty acid profile between SJ and JJ.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2003

Dietary fatty acid including mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid was fed to fattening cattle and its effect on body weight gain, plasma lipid contents and rumen liquid fermentation in vitro was examined. In expt. 1, the effect of dietary fatty acid on body weight gain and plasma lipid concentrations was examined. In the control diet group, cattle were fed 1 kg/day of rice straw and concentrate which satisfied the requirement. In the fatty acid group, cattle were given 250 g/d of fatty acid with the same diet of the control diet group. In the excess concentrate group, cattle were given the same diet of the control diet group plus 735 g/d of concentrate corresponding to the same TDN of 250 g/d of fatty acid. Diets were given for 7 days. Body weight gain of cattle given dietary fatty acid was significantly greater than that of cattle fed only rice straw and concentrate. When dietary fatty acid was added to cattle feed, plasma NEFA and HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased. In expt. 2, the influence of dietary fatty acid on gas production and VFA profile in the rumen liquid was investigated in vitro. In the control group, 10 mg of rice straw and 90 mg of concentrate were incubated in the rumen fluid. In the excess concentrate group, 10 mg of rice straw and 97.5 mg of concentrate were incubated. In the fatty acid group, 10 mg of rice straw, 90 mg of concentrate and 2.5 mg of fatty acids were incubated. The rumen liquid mixed with feed materials was incubated for 24 h and the cumulative gas volume was measured. The VFA profile was also measured. Cumulative gas volume in the rumen liquid with fatty acid was equal to the control. Excess concentrate increased cumulative gas volume compared to the fatty acid group. There was no significant difference in total VFA concentration between experimental diet groups. It is suggested that dietary fatty acid has the potency to improve growth performance in fattening cattle without failure in rumen fermentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1995

닭 가공부산물의 재활용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 부산물에 산을 첨가하여 자가분해(autolysis)시켰다. 자가분해 중 일어나는 pH와 지방산 조성변화 그리고 자가분해산물(autolysate)과 소피맥의 혼합과 혼합물 건조에 따른 일반성분과 미생물 총균수 변화를 조사하였다. 마쇄한 부산물의 초기 pH 6.52는 산 첨가 직후(5분 내) 2.75로 급격히 내려갔다가 자가분해 중 약간 증가해서 $3.06{\sim}2.92$를 유지하였다. 일반성분과 지방산 조성은 자가분해에 따른 영향을 크게 받지 않았으나 미생물 총균수와 진균수의 log CFU/g은 각각 7.45와 7.11에서 자가분해 후 3.39와 2.03으로 크게 줄어들었다. 자가분해는 닭 가공부산물의 사료자원화 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2000

Gas chromatography를 이용한 profiling과 신속한 동정을 허브류에 존재하는 유기산의 분석에 적용하여 보았다. 흡착제로 Chromosorb P와 용출 용매로 diethyl ether를 사용하는 고체상 추출법을 이용하여 허브추출물로부터 유기산을 분리한 후, tert-butyldimethylsilyl 유도체로 만들어 극성이 다른 DB-5와 DB-17 컬럼으로 동시분석하였다. 두 컬럼에서 분리된 유기산 피크들을 dual capillary column system의 retention index(RI) library 탐색과 RI specta 비교로 신속하고 정확하게 동정할 수 있었으며 이들을 GC-MS로 확인하였다. 허브추출물들의 유기산 분석 결과 fatty acid, dioic acid, hydroxy acid, aromatic acid등 24가지의 유기산이 동정되었고 각 허브의 종류에 따라 특징적인 유기산 GC-profile을 나타내었다. 각 허브추출물의 GC profile의 유기산 조성만을 단순화시킨 RI spectra로 표현한 결과, 각 허브의 유기산 패턴의 분별이 매우 용이하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2003

본 연구는 불포화지방산원으로서 C18:2n-6이 풍부한 전지대두와 C18:3n-3이 풍부한 아마종실을 반추동물사료에 18% 배합하였을 때 반추위내 건물소실율과 불포화지방산 소실율 및 조성을 조사하기 위해 in vitro 배양장치에서 실시하였다. 배양시간은 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72시간에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 배양 종료 후 각각의 medium digesta는 동결 건조하여 건물과 각 지방산 함량을 분석하였다. 배양 3시간까지는 전지대두와 아마종실의 건물소실율에 차이가 없었으나, 배양 6시간이후부터는 아마종실이 전지대두보다 유의한 증가를 나타내었다 (p< 0.01). 하지만, 배양 48시간이후부터는 두 처리구간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다 (p>0.05). 한편 가스생성량은 건물소실율과 비슷한 양상을 나타내어 아마종실이 전지대두보다 발효산물인 가스를 보다 많이 생성하나 두 처리구간에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). C18:0 함량은 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 전지대두와 아마종실 공히 증가하였고, 전지대두가 아마종실 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). C18:1 조성은 전지대두가 아마종실구보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). C18:2와 C18:3의 digesta내 조성은 반추위내 수소첨가현상으로 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. Digesta내 C18:2 함량은 C18:2가 풍부한 전지대두가 아마종실에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), C18:3 함량은 C18:3이 풍부한 아마종실이 전지대두에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.001). 순수 C18:0 생산량 (%)은 C18:2n-6 함량이 풍부한 전지대두가 배양종료 후 332.24%로 아마종실의 133.16%보다 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). C18:1 소실율은 전지대두가 아마종실보다 유의하게 낮았고 (p<0.05), 특히 배양 3, 6, 12, 24시간에서 전지대두 처리구가 음 (-)값을 나타내었다. C18:2의 소실율은 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 배양 72시간에 두 처리구 평균 93.31%로 광범위하게 소실되었으나, 처리구간 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (p>0.05). C18:3 소실율은 C18:2 소실율과 마찬가지로 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 특히 아마종실이 전지대두에 비하여 배양 6시간이후부터 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). C18계 불포화지방산 소실율은 아마종실이 전지대두보다 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 전지대두와 아마종실은 반추동물의 식품 내 유익한 불포화지방산이 침착하는데 충분한 가치가 있는 불포화지방산원이었고, C18계 불포화지방산은 반추위내에서 광범위하게 수소첨가되었다. 아울러 전지대두는 아마종실보다 complete biohydrogenation이 증가하였고, digesta 내 불포화지방산 함량은 사료 중 불포화지방산 함량과 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of duck extract on lipids. Rats in the experimental group were orally administered with duck extract for four weeks. The half of the supplementation was composed of duck meat and the other of the supplementation was composed of oriental herbs. Weight gain, diet intake, and food efficiency ratio were compared between control and experimental groups. Organ weight, lengths of small/large intestines, and the following plasma biochemical parameters were also measured: hemoglobin, hemoglobin, GOT, GPT, blood glucose concentration, lipids of plasma, liver, feces. Spleen index (weight/100 g body weight) of the rats in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group due to increase in fat intake from the supplementation of duck meat. The large intestines of the rats in the experimental group was significantly larger due to the supplementation with dietary fiber derived from herbs in the extract. There were significant higher levels of plasma hematocrit, GOT, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in the rats of the experimental group. From the results, although duck meat is a source of animal food, the fat profile of duck extract, such as the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids appears to be beneficial to human health. These findings suggest a possible anti-hyperlipidemic effect of duck extract. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 3∼8, 2003)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.767-775
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapeseed and linseed oil supplementations on performance and meat quality of lambs. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 18 growing (100-day-old) lambs of $19.7{\pm}1.9kg$ live weight, assigned to 3 groups of 6 animals each. Control lambs were fed meadow hay and concentrate alone. Experimental animals additionally received rapeseed or linseed oils at a dose of 50 g/d. The lambs were slaughtered at an average body weight of $35.7{\pm}0.5kg$. Results: The dressing percentage was higher in lambs fed rapeseed oil. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C21:0, C24:0 were lower in longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) in lambs fed linseed oil. Supplementation of diet with linseed oil decreased concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids and C16:1, C17:1, C18:1 cis-9 in MLD. The concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3 in MLD were higher in lambs fed linseed oil than in other groups. Oils supplementation to diets resulted in increased concentration of C22:6 n-3 in MLD. The inclusion of linseed oil into the diet increased the contents of total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3 in semitendinosus muscle in comparison to control. A tendency towards a lower n:6/n:3 ratio in MLD was observed when lambs were supplemented linseed oil. Conclusion: The supplementation of linseed oil to diets seems to reduce the concentration of SFA and increase the concentration of n-3 PUFA. The n-6/n-3 ratio is an important nutritional factor, and its value has been favorably decreased below 2, thereby achieving an important target related to human health. Due to these changes carcass fatty acid profile was improved, and so enhanced lamb meat healthy properties.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.289-299
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 ${\omega}$-6 및 ${\omega}$-3계 지방산을 함유한 유지의 첨가비율을 달리한 실험사료를 어린 병아리에서 급여했을 때 면연 기관의 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5개의 처리구에 각 처리당 3반복을 두고 총 75수의 1일령 수평아리를 공시하였다. 옥수수유(CO)와 들깨유(PO)를 중량비로 각각 8%+0%, , 6%+2%, 4%+4%, 2%+6%, 0%+8% 수준으로 첨가한 반정제 실험 사료를 7주간 급여하였다. 실험 종료시 증체량 및 사료섭취량은 처리 간에 큰 차이가 보이지 않았으며 체중 100g당 간장 중량 및 면역 기관 중량에서도 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 면역조직 내 지방산 조성은 EPA와 AA(arachidonic acid)를 포함하여 섭취한 사료 지방산의 조성을 잘 반영하는 경향을 보였는데, 면역기관 간에 그 정도에 차이가 있었다. 들깨유의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 linoleie acid LA)의 비율이 점진적으로 감소하였고 반면 a-linolenic acid(LNA) 비율은 현저하게 증가하는 경향이었다. 흉선에는 .LA와 LNA의 함량이 다른 조직보다 현저히 더 많아서 섭취하는 지방산의 조성이 가장 잘 반영되었다. 비장 조직에는 HPA 및 AA 농도와 EPA/LNA, AA/LA의 비율이 다른 조직에 비해 현저히 더 높았는데 이는 비장이 LA나 LNA로부터 AA나 EPA로 전환하는 능력이 높음을 의미한다. 실험사료 급여후 2, 4주후에 조사된 anti-BSA 항체가 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았으나 CO 8%구에 비해 PO를 첨가한 모든 구에서 더 많이 생성되는 경향이 관찰되었고 특히 PO를 6% 및 8% 첨가한 실험구에서 20~30%나 더 높아졌다. 결론적으로 섭취하는 지방산 조성에 따라 면역기관내 모든 지방산 조성이 변하였으며, 면역기관에 따라 그 반응정도가 달라지는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 eicosanoids 합성에도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 가금에서 질병에 대한 면역력 향상이라는 관점에서 앞으로 더 세밀한 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Intracellular lipid-binding proteins (LBPs) impact fatty acid homeostasis in various ways, including fatty acid transport into mitochondria. However, the physiological consequences caused by mutations in genes encoding LBPs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we explore the metabolic consequences of lbp-5 gene deficiency in terms of energy homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition to increased fat storage, which has previously been reported, deletion of lbp-5 attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Biochemical measurement coupled to proteomic analysis of the lbp-5(tm1618) mutant revealed highly increased rates of glycolysis in this mutant. These differential expression profile data support a novel metabolic adaptation of C. elegans, in which glycolysis is activated to compensate for the energy shortage due to the insufficient mitochondrial ${\beta}$-oxidation of fatty acids in lbp-5 mutant worms. This report marks the first demonstration of a unique metabolic adaptation that is a consequence of LBP-5 deficiency in C. elegans.