• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2004

본 연구자들은 다른 동물성 지질에 비해 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮고 불포화지방산 함량이 높은 오소리 지질을 당뇨환자들에게 섭취시킨 후 혈당, 혈청의 당뇨지표 및 혈청 지질의 변화를 관찰하여 당뇨환자들에게 동물성인 오소리 지질 섭취가 혈당유지 및 합병증 관리 에 합당한가를 평가하여 오소리 지질을 기능성 식품의 원료로 활용할 수 있는가를 확인하고자 하였다. 일일 평균 7.26 g의 오소리 지질을 12주간 섭취한 후에 총 지질의 섭취량은 유의적 인 차이가 없었으나 $\omega$3계 지방산과 다가불포화지방산의 섭취량은 유의적으로 증가하였고 콜레스테롤의 섭취량은 유의적으로 감소된 결과를 나타냈다. 공복 시 혈당이 오소리 지질의 섭취에 따라 유의적인 상승을 나타내지 않았고 fructosamine과 glucagon농도는 오소리 지질의 섭취 6주째부터 유의적으로 상승되었다. 혈청의 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 농도는 오소리 지질 섭취에 따라 유의적으로 감소되었고 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 유의적으로 상승되었다. 또한 일반적인 건강상태 판정지표로 살펴볼 때 간기능 및 철분 영양상태가 증진되었다. 위의 결과들로 보아 제2형 당뇨환자의 12주간 오소리 지질의 섭취는 건강상태와 혈청지질 profile에는 유익한 영향을 주었고 따라서 동물성인 오소리 지질을 건강보조식품으로 사용하거나 기능성 식품의 원재료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 오소리 지질 섭취 수준을 달리한 dose-response 실험을 통해 섭취 수준과 혈청지질 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 관찰하여 오소리 지질의 광범위한 활용을 위한 체계적인 자료를 더 확보하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3077-3082
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• 2012

Aim: The incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is many-fold higher for American Indians (AI) relative to non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Neither gallstones nor genetics can account for this difference. There is speculation that certain fatty acids in bile may play a role in preventing BTC. Since diet may influence composition of bile, we compared the dietary intakes of urban AI and NHW adult women in New Mexico. Methods: Design, a cross-sectional study of the diets of lactating AI and NHW women was conducted. Setting, the University of New Mexico Hospital. Participants, healthy lactating women 18 to 39 years of age were recruited. Main outcome measures, a three-day diet record for each participant was analyzed. Results: The AI women consumed less calcium (p = 0.04) and significantly less short and intermediate chain-length fatty acids (C4-C12), but nearly twice as much proinflammatory arachidonic acid as the NHWs (p <0.01). The intake of dairy products by AI women was less than NHW women (p = 0.01) while the intake of processed meat products was higher (p <0.01). Conclusion: Dietary factors may account for the difference in the risk of BTC between AI and NHW women.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

본 연구는 대구 경북지역의 뇌졸중 환자들의 에너지 및 영양소 섭취실태를 측정하고, 에너지 및 영양소 섭취수준에 따른 뇌졸중 발생의 상대위험도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 조사대상자는 경북대학교 병원에서 뇌졸중으로 처음 진단받은 후 입원한 환자 중 의사소통이 가능한 100명을 환자군으로 하였고 동일한 지역에서 뇌졸중 병력이 없고 환자군과 연령이 비슷한 지역사회 주민 150명을 대조군으로 하였다. 조사는 반정량적 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 이용하여 조사자와 직접 면접을 통하여 2004년 7월부터 2005년 2월 사이에 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 뇌졸중 환자군과 대조군의 1일 평균 에너지와 영양소 섭취량을 성별로 비교하면 남자의 경우 환자군이 대조군에 비해 에너지와 모든 열량 영양소, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_6$, 나이아신, 엽산, 비타민 E, 인, 칼륨, 아연, 식이섬유의 섭취량과 단백질 및 지방 에너지 섭취비율이 유의하게 높았다. 여자의 경우 환자군은 대조군에 비해 지방, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 철분 및 식이섬유의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고 탄수화물 에너지 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 에너지 및 영양소별 섭취수준과 관련된뇌졸중 발생 상대위험도를 성별로 보면, 남자는 에너지, 단백질, 탄수화물, 비타민 $B_1$과 E, 나이아신, 아연, 총지방산, 단일불포화 지방산, 다가 불포화지방산 그리고 n-6 지방산의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중 발생의 상대 위험도를 유의하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 지방, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$와 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민 C와 E, 철, 나트륨과 칼륨 및 셀레늄, 모든 지방산들, 그리고 콜레스테롤, 타우린, 식이섬유의 높은 섭취수준이 뇌졸중의 발생 위험도를 유의하게 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 중 나이아신, 비타민 E, 지방산들은 성별에 따라 위험도에 미치는 영향이 상반되게 나타났다. 본 연구는 조사대상자의 규모가 작고 특정지역에 국한 하여 조사가 이루어졌다는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 성별에 따라 상반되는 결과를 보인 영양소들에 대해서는 향후 조사지역을 광역화하고, 보다 대규모의 대상자 집단에 대해 심도 있는 조사를 통해 재확인할 필요가 있다고 본다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2003

Although a generation-related difference in nutrient and food-group intake has been broadly recognized in the Japanese population, few studies have examined the difference and correlation of intakes with consideration of a family line and co-habitation status. We conducted a dietary survey using female college students in dietetic course in Aichi, Japan, and their mothers and grandmothers. A validated self-administered diet history questionnaire was used for assessment of intakes. Data from 110 families were included in the analysis. The means of 13 nutrients and 10 food groups (of the 15 and 14, respectively) showed significant differences among the three generations. A significant difference was observed in the carbohydrate, protein, saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, and fish intakes between the students living with their mothers and those apart. In the correlation analyses between generations, moderate correlation was observed for most nutrients and food groups between the students and their mothers living together (correlation range = 0.30-0.61 for nutrients, and = 0.21 -0.56 for food groups). A wide variation with no consistency was observed for the correlation between the students and their grandmothers (-0.18 -0.59 and -0.33 -0.65, respectively), No meaningful correlation was observed between any two generations living apart. Among the food groups examined, pulses, fish, and vegetables showed relatively large differences for the correlation between two groups with different living conditions. When living together, the correlation coefficients for nutrients and food groups between the students and their mothers decreased according to the increase in frequency of eating out by the students. These results suggest that living together and eating together were an important factor for the resemblance in dietary habits between generations in the population with a marked generation-related difference in intakes. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 93-104, 2003)

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2011

서울 시내 제과점에서 판매되고 있는 제품들을 35개 업소에서 패스츄리, 쿠키 그리고 생크림 케익을 각 업소 당 1건 씩 총 105건을 수거하여 그 지방산 조성과 트랜스지방산의 함량을 조사하기 위하여 GC-FID를 이용하여 분석하였다. 제과점 제품들의 조지방 함량은 패스츄리가 평균 20.48%(9.54 - 44.30), 쿠키는 평균 29.68%(14.67 - 41.22) 그리고 생크림 케익이 평균 17.83%(7.63 - 28.15)였으며, 조지방 함량은 쿠키가 이들 세 품목 중 가장 높았다. 포화지방산의 평균값의 경우 쿠키에 함유된 평균량이 56.4%, 패스츄리에서 56.4%가 측정되었는데 생크림 케익의 경우는 앞의 두 가지 품목에 비해 높은 69.0%로 나타나 전체 지방에서 포화지방산의 비중이 매우 높았다. 그러나, 이들의 포화지방산의 분포는 각 업소 별로 패스츄리 12.8% - 75.1%, 쿠키 8.7% - 81.6% 그리고 생크림 케익의 경우 50.2% - 85.9%로 업소 별로 매우 차이가 큰 것을 볼 수 있었다. 트랜스지방산의 함량은 생크림 케익이 가장 높게 나타나 평균 0.96%(0.00 - 2.13)였으며, 패스츄리가 0.37%(0.00 - 3.37) 그리고 쿠키는 0.66%(1.00 - 4.55)였다. 대부분의 패스츄리 (35개 중 19개), 쿠키 (35개 중 26개) 그리고 생크림 케익 (35개 중 17개)에는 트랜스지방산이 함유되어 있지 않았으며, 트랜스지방산의 함량 범위는 패스츄리에서 0.00 - 3.37%, 쿠커가 0.00 - 4.55% 그리고 생크림 케익이 0.00 - 2.13%로 나타났다. 평균 트랜스지방산의 함량은 생크림 케익에서 0.96%로 가장 높게 나타났는데, 이는 전체 조지방의 양에 대한 함량으로 전체 제품 중에 함유된 양으로 환산했을 때 1% 이상의 트랜스지방을 함유한 제품은 쿠키에서 2 종류가 분석되었다. 케익과 패스츄리의 평균 포화지방산 함량은 각각 12.19g/100g과 11.78g/100g으로 평균 12.0g/100g이 함유되어 있었으며, 케익과 패스츄리의 평균 트랜스지방 함량은 각각 0.19g/100g 과 0.09g/ 100g으로 두 품목의 평균은 0.14g/100g 이었는데 이를 국민영양조사 결과를 바탕으로 하루 섭취량으로 환산하면 포회지방산과 트랜스지방산이 각각 l.2g/일/인과 0.014 g/일/인이었으며, 이는 한국인 영양섭취 기준의 트랜스 지방 일일 섭취 권고량의 7.7 - 12.0%와 0.64%에 해당하는 양이었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 1996

Livestock products like meat, milk and egg have been principal food sources for human beings since the historic periods of time. Nowadays consumption of these food items have been avoided due to its high contents of SFA, cholesterol and total fat which are major culprits of chronic adult diseases causing major deaths of people. However, the relationship between livestock products and diseases is not always true because the amounts of fat and cholesterol and types of fatty acids in meat and meat by-products depend on the part of the meat and types of animals. Although meat intakes do not always cause mai or adult diseases, still the developmental necessity does exist for animal foods equipped with biologically active properties, which in turn can improve nutritional status and health more than ever Meat with high protein lean part and low fat can be produced by applying synthetic somatotropin and beta-adrenergic agonists like clenbuterol, cimaterol etc. during breeding. This application brings benefits like higher growth rate, lower fat contents and improve feed efficiency ratios. Meats fortified with long chain PUFA($\omega$-3 fatty acids) can also be produced by modulating feed composition.Egg Products have faced the reduced sales annually because of its high cholesterol contents. Recently brand eggs fortified with special nutrients or chemical components having functional proper ties in the human body system are very popular Research Interests have been focused on eggs with low cholesterol and high omega-3 fatty acids. Low cholesterol eggs and high omega-3 eggs can be produced in several different ways, but popular way to increase is feeding the feeds with different oil sources containing high omega-3 and 6 fatty acids such as fish oil, perilla oil, linseed oil and lecithin etc. But proper compositon of feed formula should be found and economically beneficial. Brand eggs fortified with vitamin, mineral, unknown growth factors are also manufactured. Low cholesterol and high $\omega$-3 PUFA milk are marketed recently Cholesterol removal technology is not completely established and has several limitations to be overcome. Milk fortified with $\omega$-3 fatty acids is made by incorporating high &13 fatty acid foods in feed despite of extraordinary way of fatty acid metabolism In cow. All these biologically active products will be very beneficial and useful for human consumption when limitations of manufacturing technology such as safety and lowered sensory qualities are resolved. Furthermore, thorough and precise tests and quality control for these products should be performed to ensure the effectiveness and usefulness in terms of improving health and nutritional status in general. However one caution should be pointed out to lay people informing that these items are nothing but a food and not panacea. Therefore, it is important to remember that the only way of maintaining good health is absolutely through consuming balanced diet.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Korean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) education program on oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and serum homocysteine (Hcy) level in elderly Korean women. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study employing non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The DASH group (n= 27) underwent the DASH education program for 12 weeks, whereas the control group (n= 21) was provided one education session. The survey was conducted before and after the intervention period. Results: In DASH group, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes significantly increased after the intervention as compared to prior to the intervention. No significant differences were found in the control group. After the intervention, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and Hcy levels significantly decreased in the DASH group but not in the control group. Conclusion: The DASH education program was effective in reducing oxidative stress and Hcy levels in elderly Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.429-441
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• 1994

The difference in lipid metabolism between breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed(FF) infants were studied in 31 Korean infants at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum. The formulas had more total lipids(TL), triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids and less cholesterol(CHOL) and free fatty acids(FFA) than the breast milk. The milk consumption of the FF infants was significantly greater than that of the BF infants with a wide individual variation. As a result, the FF infants appeared to consume more TL, TG and PL and less CHOL and FFA than the BF infants during 3 months. The lipid contents of the breast milk tended to decrease in due course of lactation, therefore the intake of lipids of BF infants was reduced during the first three month of lactation. The plasma TG and CHOL levels of infants at 3 month were not significantly different between the BF and FF infants, but the PL level of the BF infants was higher then that of the FF infants. The plasma levels of TG and CHOL were not significantly correlated with the intakes of TL, TG, CHOL, PL and FFA, respectively. The PL level, however, was positively correlated with the intakes of CHOL and FFA, respectively and negatively correlated with PL intake as well as 18 : 2w6 fatty acid content of the breast milk or the formulas. The fecal weight and fecal loss of TL of the FF infants were greater than those of the BF infants during 3 months, however, apparent lipids digestibility was not significantly different between the BF and FF infants. The fecal excretions of CHOL and bile acids of FF infants were substantially higher than those of BF infants during 3 months. New sterol balance showed a particularly large difference between the BF and FF infants. The value of the net sterol balance of the BF infants was negative, but that of the FF infants was positive. This study shows that the consumption pattern of various lipid components of BF and FF infants were different as a result of different lipid compositions between breast milk and formula. The significantly lower sterol balance of the BF infants than the FF infants may have been derived from the unique dietary characteristic of breast milk.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2014

The effects of aloe on liver function and lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol consumption were studied in rats using aloe power (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) and 10% ethanol. 35 Sprague-Dawley (male, 4 weeks old) rats were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for six weeks. Body weights of rats tended to be lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Food intakes and dry feces per day were significantly lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Atherogenic indices (AI) were highest in the alcohol group and decreased in proportion with aloe amount. Serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the control, but tended to be lower in the aloe supplemented groups. In relation to liver function, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities tended to be higher in the alcohol groups than in the control, but lower in the aloe groups, especially in the alcohol+0.5% AO group. The levels of liver cholesterol were significantly lower in the alcohol group than in the control and aloe supplemented groups. In the histochemical evaluation, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, whereas they decreased slightly in the alcohol+0.25% AO group and apparently disappeared in the alcohol +0.5% AO. On the other hand, fat droplets appeared again on the liver-lobule in the alcohol+1% AO group, but were reduced compared with the alcohol group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides, the level of linoleic acid (18:2) was significantly higher in the aloe supplemented group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (PC), the level of linoleic acid was higher in the alcohol group and alcohol+1% AO group than the other groups. In contrast, the level of arachidonic acid was significantly lower in the alcohol group. As a result, arachidonic / linoleic acid ratios were significantly lower in the alcohol group compared to the control group, whereas the ratios of the aloe supplemented groups were similar to that of the control group. Therefore, aloe had some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol and affected desaturation of fatty acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.565-577
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• 2017

본 연구는 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 건강한 한국 성인 2,624명을 대상으로 염증 지표인 CRP의 분포를 파악하고 성별, 연령 (50세 기준), 비만여부 ($25kg/m^2$ 기준)로 구분하여 CRP 그룹 (1 mg/L 기준)에 따른 인구사회학적 지표, 생활습관 특성, 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 건강한 성인에 해당하는 대상자들의 평균 CRP는 $0.95{\pm}0.03mg/L$으로, 국외에서 조사된 타 인종의 수치보다 낮은 수준에 해당한다. 남성, 50세 이상, 비만인 경우 평균 CRP가 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다. LCRPG과 HCRPG을 비교한 결과, 대상자의 분류에 따라 다른 특징을 보였고 대상자의 분류에 관계 없이 비만 여부, 허리둘레, 공복혈당의 경우 HCRPG이 더 높으며 HDL콜레스테롤의 경우 LCRPG에서 더 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 식사 변수 외에 흡연자와 비만에 해당하는 대상자는 HCRPG에 더 많고 신체활동을 실천하는 대상자는 LCRPG에 더 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타나 이러한 생활습관이 CRP 수치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 교란인자의 보정 후 여성에서 HCRPG의 식이섬유 섭취량이 LCRPG보다 유의적으로 낮았으며, 50세 이상의 대상자에서 LCRPG 보다 HCRPG의 오메가3 지방산의 섭취량은 적었으며, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 높았다. 또한 비만에 해당하는 대상자 중 HCRPG에서 지방의 에너지 기여율이 높고 지방과 포화 지방산의 섭취량이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 흡연, 신체활동과 같은 생활 습관뿐 아니라 식이섬유, 지방의 섭취량, 열량 에너지 섭취의 구성 또한 CRP 수준과 상관관계가 있음을 시사하며, 이는 식사와 만성염증과의 관련성을 제안할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 사료된다.