• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.461-488
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• 2013

This study aimed to explore the meanings of fathers' experiences as they participated in educational programs for fathers. In-depth interviews with 3 fathers with children attending elementary school and middle school were implemented to examine their participation experiences in educational programs for fathers and their expectations for educational programs for fathers. The findings of this study showed that fathers wanted opportunities to carry out more active roles with their children instead of passive father roles. They learned interaction with their children and wives through participating in educational programs. The education programs impart a broader perspective and knowledge of father roles, and participation may encourage improvement of their relationships with their children and wives. They felt the importance of father roles in educational programs, which helps a father be a good father. But, they complained about harsh circumstances to participate in educational programs. So educational programs for fathers should be provided to all fathers that are geared to the level and need of each father. Further studies for more revelatory documentation were also suggested.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 2005

This current study was designed to explore the meaning of being a mother and a father in contemporary Korean society by examining their roles perceived by mothers and fathers with children at different developmental stages. A total of three hundred and ninety four couples with children aged from one to seventeen years were recruited for the study, and they were asked to complete a set of questionnaires about paternal and maternal roles each. A modified version of Generative Fathering Scales by Lee et al.(1999), was used to measure the roles perceived by fathers and mothers in two areas: (1) parenting responsibilities and (2) involvement in childrearing practices. The parental roles, as expected, were viewed differently by the surveyees with children at different ages: the younger child/ren a father has, the more involvement he emphasizes in childrearing. These results indicate that the roles of mothers and fathers should be considered in the context of developing children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the role performance and self-confidence of the fathers with children in grade school. Further, this study explored the variables that affect positively the self-confidence of the fathers. A survey questionnaire was used for this study. The participants of this study were 340 fathers with children aged between seven and nine residing in Gyeongsangnam-do. As for the performance of father's roles, the average score was higher in 'conversation with children' and 'expressing affection to children', whereas it was lower in 'raising children' and 'educating children'. As for the self-confidence regarding their father's roles, the score was higher in the cognitive dimension than in the emotional dimension. In general, the fathers tended to evaluate their role performance as fathers positively. The variables that affected the cognitive dimension of self-confidence as a father were conversation with children, supporter role, under-standing children, and educating children. The variables that influenced the emotional dimension, on the other hand, were child-rearing role, husband's role, supporter role, and expressing love to children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.33-55
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• 2022

Objective: The aims of this study is to investigate the internal and external environment surrounding fathers and to promote play-participation with children and father-Infants Intimacy by identifying the influence of a father's belief concerning gender-equal parental role and the mother's roles as a gatekeeper. Methods: The participants of this study were 291 fathers who had infants ranging from 1-36 months of age and were living in Seoul and South Chungcheong Province. The data were collected through the questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0. Results: The main results are as follows. First, gender roles, livelihood keeper-father beliefs, importance of father rearing, and the mother's role as a doorkeeper affect the father's participation in play. This differs according to the characteristics of each type of play. Second, it was found that the father's gender roles and the mother's role as a doorkeeper had a significant effect on the intimacy between the father and the infant. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study revealed that fathers' belief in gender-equal parenting and mothers' encouragement through opening the door as gatekeepers affect the formation of intimacy between fathers and their children in infancy, and are factors that influence play participation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of fathers about early childhood parenting. Methods: Selected fathers of children in early childhood were interviewed, and an open-ended questionnaire was utilized to identify the fathers' awareness of the meaning of parenting, priority for parenting, opinions on paternal roles as a child raiser, parenting difficulties, and what education they wanted to receive as fathers. After their statements were collected, a content analysis was done. Results: Results of the content analysis showed there were 45 significant statements, which were classified into 17 categories. The fathers saw the meaning of parenting as being in five different domains: social, cognitive, emotional, physical and environmental. As for paternal roles, they thought that a fathers should serve as emotional supporters. The parenting difficulties that they faced were attributed to time constraints. Conclusion: For fathers, development of parent education programs that deal with early childhood parenting knowledge, communication methods and how to play with children according to their developmental stages are required, and qualitative research should be implemented to keep track of the process of changes in parenting characteristics.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of fatherhood among fathers of high-risk neonates and their confidence regarding neonatal care. Methods: A study was conducted of 100 fathers whose neonates had been admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for at least 48 hours. Perceptions of fatherhood, neonatal characteristics, and fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. The survey took approximately 10 minutes to complete and was completed anonymously. The factors that affected fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care were analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The scores for positive and negative perceptions of fatherhood were relatively high at 4.27 and 3.42 out of 5 points, respectively. A positive perception of fatherhood was found to influence fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care. Conclusion: NICU nurses should encourage fathers to effectively perform their parenting roles by implementing educational programs and interventions to promote positive perceptions of fatherhood and fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care after discharge.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-27
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to identify the content of programs that fathers require and their needs with regard to the implementation of such programs. This research was conducted using survey questionnaires. The subjects of the study are fathers with children aged between seven and nine. A total of 688 subjects were selected from 800 samples. The survey on the needs for educational programs for fathers reveals that the respondents have more than average interest in each program. The needs of the content of programs vary. depending on the income levels and fathers' jobs. They prefer to take less than a month-long program where they meet a total of 4 times. They prefer taking the program during weekdays and want to have a class with less than 20 people. We should diversify objectives and education content of parental education so that individuals can choose the program they need and actually apply what they have teamed in real life.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.265-280
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• 2016

The study examined the effects of fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors on child happiness. A total of 270 elementary school students in 4th, 5th, and 6th grades (139 boys and 131 girls) participated in the study and completed the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analyses of variances, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors did not differ by gender and grades, but child happiness partially differed in response to those factors. Additionally, child happiness was significantly positively correlated with fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors. Moreover, fathers involvement in leisure activities, daily-life guidance, and study guidance, as well as their being warm receptive and rejective restrictive parenting behaviors were found to be significant variables influencing child happiness. Overall, the results of this study suggest fathers' play important roles in child happiness and that development of an education program for fathers is warranted.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.89-101
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• 2010

Increased multi-cultural families over the recent decade have led to more studies on the current situations and problems they face. Fathers in multi-cultural families are supporters who can help their migrant wives adapt their new surroundings; however, it is difficult to find studies on them as their roles as fathers in multi-cultural families have been overlooked. This study develops educational programs for fathers in multi-cultural families and analyzes the effect of the educational programs. The educational program development for fathers in multi-cultural families was based on consideration of related articles, studies, and reports. The effect analysis for the educational program for fathers in multi-cultural families was performed through the investigation of 'self-esteem' and 'parent self-confidence' about educated fathers in multi-cultural families. The educational program for fathers in multi-cultural families was composed of 5 themes which can improve their self-esteem, understand the father's role and function, learn the skills of playing and conversation with their children and express the father's thoughts for his own family using positive methods. We educated 12 fathers in multi-cultural families through the development of the program over 5 weeks to verify the effect of educational programs for fathers in multi-cultural families. The results showed the following : The level of father's self-esteem in multi-cultural family increased 124% and the level of parent self-confidence increased 141%. In conclusion, the educational effect for fathers in multi-cultural family exists and their desire for a successful multi-cultural family increased through the educational programs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation on school readiness of preschool children. The subjects were 101 5-years old children, mothers and teachers at child care centers located in the Gyeonggi area. Home environment quality was measured using a 'Korean Home Environment' questionnaire. Parenting participation by fathers was measured by 'Scale for Productive Roles of Fathers of Children in Their Early Childhood.' Lastly, the children's school readiness measured the 'School Readiness Inventory.' Collected data were analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results of the study showed that the school readiness of preschool children differed by gender. The score of girls' school readiness was higher than boys' school readiness. Such difference was apparent in the school readiness areas of general knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. There was a positive correlation between age and the school readiness of preschool children. An increase in children's age also increased school readiness in the areas of linguistic knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. Home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation directly influenced the school readiness of preschool children. The pattern of the results suggests that a desirable home environment and fathers' contribution in the family for children are critical components to prepare preschool children for elementary school.