• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effect of parenting attitude perceived by adult children on marriage values and marriage image. For this purpose, online and face-to-face surveys were conducted for 411 unmarried men and women in their 20~30s living in the Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do areas. The SPSS 25.0 program was used for analysis and the results are as follows. First, in the general characteristics of the study subjects, there was a significant difference in marriage values according to gender, age, marriage type of parents, religion, and birth order, but no significance found according to education and occupation, family members living together, monthly average household income, or education of parents. Also, marriage image showed significant difference based on gender, marriage type of parents, and marriage intention. Second, the parenting attitude perceived by adult children confirmed that the lower the father's rejective parenting attitude and the higher the mother's acceptive parenting attitude, the more stable the value of marriage was and that the effect of parenting attitude on marriage image confirmed that the lower the father's rejective parenting attitude, the better the marriage image.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the experience of children with a schizophrenic parent. Methods: The research methods included biographical in-depth interviews, structured questionnaires, and child's drawings. Data were collected from September until November, 2005 at one university hospital, and interviews were recorded on audio tapes and thereby transcribed. The subjects were three adolescent children (10~15 years old) of a parent with schizophrenia. Results: This study has five themes: It is often the case that the children with a schizophrenic parent are uninformed about their parent's illness, have difficulties dealing with symptoms are confused about their parent's image and display contradictory feelings of fear and sympathy toward their father; The children tend to harbor expectations on mother's role in the family affairs, and simultaneously show pity for her; Family relations without solidarity caused by the absence of their father make the children feel severance, separation, and isolation in and out of the family; The children feel the burden to assume additional household responsibilities; The children are reluctant to mention their father's disease. Conclusion: the study subjects have met negativeness in both developmental characteristics and needs, which supports the need for intervention programs that meet their actual experience.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.31-49
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine how the father involvement suggested in the Home Economics textbook through the development of gender-equal society and provide the basic data for the development of a standard for the father involvement in the viewpoint of gender equality. For this, the father involvement depicted in the main text, photos, and illustrations included in the Home Economics textbooks were examined. A total of 34 Home Economics textbooks written based on the curricula from the 1st Curriculum up to the 2007 Revised Curriculum were analyzed centering on the contents and the quantity of the text, supplementary materials, photos, and illustrations. The following are the results of the analysis. First, the Home Economics textbooks based on the 1st to 3rd Curriculua only described the traditional father involvement, and photos and illustrations did not specifically describe the role of the father. Second, the Home Economics textbooks based on the 4th to 5th Curricula began to show changes such as the image of the father sharing household responsibilities. Third, the Home Economics textbooks based on the 6th Curriculum suggested more active involvement of the father such as sharing the equal responsibility for the upbringing of children and sharing responsibilities for child care and housework. Fourth, the Home Economics textbooks based on the 7th Curricula up to the Revised Curriculum of 2007 emphasized the father's involvement of upbringing children. Especially, a variety of contents including the domestic responsibilities of the father, the correction of the "work-first" attitude, and gender equality related contents were suggested to promote gender-equal society further. Said results show that the contents related with gender equality and the descriptions about the father role in the viewpoint of gender equality are steadily increasing in Home Economics textbooks. However, there were still problems such as the gender-role division regarding the involvement of the father in the family and temporary responses to social demands. Open debates between the experts in the education of Home Economics and experts in family life may be required in order to improve said problems.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-76
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• 2018

The demand and supply of programs of parenthood programs for fathers are increasing with changes in the image of male parents. Under this backdrop, a necessary requirement is to analyze the current status of father programs that are spearheaded by governments and the satisfaction with them to determine if they actually meet the needs of fathers. This study conducted such an examination for the fatherhood programs that were provided as a mandatory public service by the Healthy Family & Multicultural Family Support Center in 2017. To this end, the research analyzed performance and satisfaction data on 776 projects, including 1293 programs that were required for provision in 101 integrated centers nationwide. The results showed that satisfaction with fatherhood programs differed according to the project area, the location of a center, the period of implementation, the methods of proceeding, the participation unit (whether an entire family or an individual family member), the number of participants, and the number of sessions. Overall, the level of satisfaction was higher in "fathers meetings" (under the community domain) than "support for the father role" (under the family relationship domain). In relation to implementation period, satisfaction with the programs was high in the 4th quarter of implementation. Satisfaction with the programs was also higher for culturally based initiatives than education-oriented programs. Satisfaction was higher when the participation unit was the family than when such unit was the individual. The smaller the number of participants, the higher the satisfaction level. Finally, the number of sessions was deemed satisfactory when it was completed in more than four sessions. This study is meaningful in that it provides the basis of effective use of the government budget by analyzing the status and satisfaction of the fatherhood programs, which have been implemented since the integration of the Healthy Families & Multicultural Family Support Center.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.553-564
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the family reproduced by fishing village episode 1. (삼시세끼, three meals a day), which attempted a new type of entertainment termed an experiential real entertainment documentary, was produced in a total of nine episodes from October 2014 to March 2015. This study analyzed fishing village episode 1, which was aired in 2015 and obtained the highest ratings, using narrative analysis. The development of was consistently structured in the order of 'wake up - free time - breakfast - lunch - dinner - rest - sleep'. The character construction of the characters was created through the arrangement of a main space and a main role for each of the characters. Also, the characters were in relationships through which they became the background of each other. Therefore, in the family reproduced by , a mother without a father and a father without a mother are impossible. Despite that all the cast members were male, the subtitles constantly gave them the roles of 'housewife/wife/mother', 'father/husband/dad', and 'son', while actively blocking the image of a homosexual family. The family created as such was a family with children, a family with both mother and father, a heterosexual family, and a nuclear family. As a result, reproduced the typical modern family, normal family, and standard family.

• 한국보건간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Alcoholism affects not only the individuals who depend on it, but also their families. Children who have an alcohol dependent parent have various problems and need help, but little attention has been given to them. Many references report only negative characteristics of these children. In order to help the children of alcohol dependent parents, health professionals need more information. A wholistic understanding and analysis of these children is needed as a basis for the development of suitable programs of help them. A phenomenological methodology was used to identify the experience of children whose fathers were addicted to alcohol. The findings portray the essence of the lived experience of children of alcohol dependent fathers. Nine adolescents participated in in-depth inverviews and observation with the researcher, done between October and December 2001. The data were recorded on audio tape and transcribed. Sampling was continued until the data were theorectically saturated. The Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Three themes and twenty six meanings were identified. The first theme is Living Alone: living abusively as partner to an alcohol dependent father, living dangerously like an explosive fury, living as an object that ha no self, living with rejection of fatherly being, living with felt responsibility but having no power to help mother who suffers patiently with pain and abuse, living along with no shoulder to lean on, and living with the prejudice of sex discrimination. The second theme is Paradoxical Coping in Life. The meanings are obsessive behavior as a way to control father's behavior, always on the defensive due to anxiety and tension, being afraid of life alone due to paranoid thoughts, contradictory expectation about father's drinking behavior due to life with chronic tension, stress becoming familiar and life being boring and tendious without stimulation, life that is fake and filled with misinterpretations about reality, affection sought from others due to loneliness, compensatory life within peer group, negative expectation about the future due to negative experiences, controling others to protect ego, denial of real emotion to protect self from hurt, life of regretting self, and strong need for approval from others. The third theme is sustaining life. The meanings are ambivalence between revenge on father and pity, struggle for desirable self against fear of gather-like image, understanding father through self reflection, hope to find fatherly being through father's recovery, being able to stand through emotional control and cognitive restructuring, nurturing the seed of hope for the future while in a situation of desperation. The contribution of this study is to give a wholistic understanding of the empirical reality of children of alcohol dependent parents and to develop substantive theory in nursing knowledge. In nursing practice, the results of this study can provide a foundation for the development of programs for children of alcohol dependent parents.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

In this paper, we have studies the images have been reconstructed by using combination of images which has been acquired by the variation of operating frequency. When inner images has been reconstructed, inner image has been superposition by surface state effect. In this case, image enhancement the phase object and enhance the contrast of inner image. In the result of the specimen for the round defect with 2mm diameter, for the types of the depth are 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, and 3mm, it has been show that the shape of defect has better than before this processing and phase contrast grow large twice. And we have constructed the acoustic microscope by using quadrature detector that is able simultaneously to acquired the amplitude and phase of the reflected signal. Father more we have studied the reconstruction method of the amplitude and phase images and the enhancement method of the defect images' contrast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the degree of satisfaction of body image and sex-role identity of primary school boys and girls and to examine their relevance between two sex groups. The data from study would be useful for mapping out some measures for school health education. Two hundred and forty five(245) students of 6th grade from 5 different primary schools in Seoul city and Gyonggi Province were selected for the study. The meaningful difference among demographic sociological characteristics between boys and girls has been shown to be in religion($x^2$=6.705, p=.044), the order of siblings($x^2$=7.455, p=.024), mother's academic career ($x^2$=6.705, p=.035) and the levels of living ($x^2$=4.108, p=.043). In the frequency distribution of sex-role identity, boys and girls were revealed as : undifferentiated 41.0%, 36.4%; as androgynous 24.8%, 25.8% respectively. Boys have masculinity (23.1%), on the other hand girls more feminity (22.7%). The meaningful difference of the degree of satisfaction of body image depends on father's ag(t=3.029, p=.050), mother's occupation(t=2.878, p=.023), home atmosphere(t=9.056, p=.000), level of livin(t=2.216, p=.028), academic achievements(t=4.580, p=.011). Masculine sex-role identity has shown its meaningful difference in mother's academic background(t=7.042, p=.001), academic achievements(t=14.963, p=.000). Feminine sex-role identity according to general characteristics shows meaningful difference in gender(t=2.683, p=.008), the order of siblings(t=3.019, p=0.51), father's academic career(t=5.558, p=.004) mother's academic background(t=7.676, p=.001), mother's occupation (t=3.405, p=.010), home atmosphere(t=4.492, p=.012), school performance(t=16.774, p=.000). Sex-role identity influences on the degree of satisfaction of body image as the relation bet ween the degree of satisfaction of body image and sex-role identity is pro correlative.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.6
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• pp.77-99
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to show that the reason behind the ambivalent characteristic displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle's works is in her trauma and how such characteristic can be extracted from her works. During her creative years, Saint Phalle worked on various materials from different genres such as assemblages, shooting paintings, a series on Bride and Monster, 'Nana', 'Tarot Garden'and public sculptures. One commonality found among her various works is the ambivalent characteristic that contains contrasting elements simultaneously. Saint Phalle suffered a terrible psychological damage inflicted by her parents during her childhood. Specifically, she was sexually assaulted by her father and emotionally neglected by her mother, the trauma that affected her for the rest of her life. As a result, she came to develop extreme love- hate relationships with her parents and this became the main reason for the ambivalent characteristic displayed in her works. The love-hate relationship Saint Phalle developed can be identified through various researches done on the subject of the affect of sexual assault. It is common for incest victims to develop ambivalent feelings towards the perpetrator and Saint Phalle was no exception. Dissociation disorder and a snake well explain the trauma from her father. It is a generally accepted belief in the field of psychology that dissociation disorder commonly occurs to children who experience incest. And dissociation disorder is similar to the characteristic of ambivalence in the sense that a single entity contains more than two contrasting elements at the same time. In addition, the amputated doll objects used in her assemblages coincide with the expression of body detachment of people with dissociation disorder. These facts clearly indicate that the trauma from her father is showing through in her works. A snake is a subject matter that reflects the ambivalent tendency of Saint Phalle that resulted from her trauma. She remembers her father's rape as an image of a snake which is related to a phallic symbol in mythology or art reflecting her trauma. Moreover, she displays a similar pattern of ambivalent emotion like love and hate or fear towards a snake and her father. This is also confirmed by her portrayal of a snake as a monster or reversely as a creature with fundamental vitality in her works. The lack of affection from her mother can be explained by her mother's maternal deprivation. It appears that Saint Phalle's mother possessed all the causes for maternal deprivation such as maternal separation, personality disorder and inappropriate attitude towards child rearing. Especially, a study that shows mother's negative attitude towards child breeding tends to increase dissociation experience of children is another important evidence that supports Saint Phalle's dissociation tendency. These traces of Saint Phalle's trauma are clearly revealed in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The violent objects in her assemblages such as a hammer, razor, nail represent the rage and defensiveness towards her father. The objects such as fragments of broken plates of feminine patterns, pots and mirrors that her mother used symbolize the affection towards her mother. On the other hand, the destructed objects can be interpreted as her hate and resentment towards her mother. Shooting paintings contain her extreme fury and hate. Things such as acts of shooting and the image associated with blood after shooting are blunt expressions of her bursts of emotions. I have tried to define and classify the ambivalent characteristics shown in her assemblages and shooting paintings as hate, rage, violence, calm, love and pleasure according to the frame of Thanatos and Eros. Out of the six, hate, rage, violence and clam are associated with Thanatos while love and pleasure are associated with Eros and they correspondingly form an ambivalent structure. These ambivalent characteristics can be found in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The objects in her assemblages such as a razor, saw, hammer imply hate, rage, violence and the silence felt throughout her works represent calmness. And, as mentioned, the feminine objects can be seen as symbolizing love. In shooting paintings, hate, rage, violence can be found in the use of force and in the traces of watercolor after shooting, and a sense of pleasure in her feelings of catharsis after her shooting. Moreover, a shielded calmness can be found on the plywood all covered with plaster before the shooting. This study looked into the ambivalent characteristic of Saint Phalle's works by examining her trauma to find its correlation, and a meaning of this study can be found from the fact that it refocused the origin of Saint Phalle who is generally known as a feminist artist. Additionally, a meaning of the study can be found also from the fact that it examined the ambivalent characteristics of her works through a frame of Thanatos and Eros.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.162-177
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of obesity and dietary self-efficacy scale and to identify factors that affect obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Methods: A total of 458 fifth to sixth grade elementary school students in Seoul and Chuncheon city, and rural areas of Gangwon Province, were included in this study. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the obesity region, perceived body image, experience of weight loss, family member of mother's age, mother's job and father's job between 'not obesity group' and 'obesity group'. The logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity was related with gender, region, and perceived body image. Conclusion: Gender, region, and perceived body image showed a relationship with obesity in upper-grade elementary school students. Thus, to develop obesity management program for upper grade elementary school students, we should be considered the gender, region, and perceived body image should be considered.