• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1998

Parents of handicapped children are experiencing difficulties in their children's care, social isolation, change of life style and lirnited leisure time. Because the parents should take care of the children's daily life, they have lots of psychological and physical stress. Chronic stress of parents puts stress to the other family members and affects the development of children with handicap. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of stress in each of parents of children with motor problem, the characteristics of the children and general information related with the children, and to analyse the stress by reasons. Specially organized questionnaire were used for an investigation method. "Test of stress in mother who has children with chronic illness" by Kim Hee-soon were modified and used. The questionnaire answered by 43 mothers and 35 fathers were analyzed. Data analysis includes frequency analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-test and MANOV A by SPSSWIN. The results were as follows: 1) Degree of handicap was most moderate (46.5%), level of motor development was most pull to walk (34.9%), and combined handicap was 69.8%. 2) Sexual distribution represented that 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The cost of physical therapy was 69.8% in no more than 100,000 won. 3) The mean of age, for the mother was 32.8 years and 35.3 years. Level of motor development that mother and father expect was 88.4%, 83% walk alone. 4) Both mother and father experienced stress in other of Part II (changes in father was the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child), Part III (prognosis of the child's condition), Part I (social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers). In the total score of stress, mother's stress is indicated higher level than father's stress. 5) There was no correlationship between characteristics and stress of mother and father. 6) There was no statistically significant difference between characteristics and related general information of children with handicap and stress of mother and father. As a results, the mother of children with handicap are experiencing more stress than the father. Both of parents have the most difficulties in the changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child. This study can be used as resources of education, therapy and counselling for children with handicap and their parents. This study, also, can be used to encourage the quality of Iife for the children with handicapped and their family.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

This study examined the relationship between family meal time and emotional well-being for 5,186 fathers who were employed and had at least one child aged under 18 for the years 2009 and 2014 by analyzing their time diaries. In doing so, changes in time spent by fathers on family meals between 2009 and 2014 were also examined along with the factors associated with the amount of meal time for each year in order to understand ways to increase paternal participation in family meals. Analytic results showed that a father's family meal time had a positive association with his time use and life satisfaction; however, fathers who spent more than 40 minutes a day having meals with the family reported the highest score in time use and life satisfaction. The amount of time fathers spent on family meals increased from 38 minutes in 2009 to 43 minutes in 2014, whose change turned out to be mainly attributable to something more than the compositional change in the population between the two years, such as growing public awareness or cultural acceptance of the value of family meal. Fathers in dual-earner households tend to have longer family meal times; however, different factors were associated with their family meal times in 2009 and 2014. Policy implications are discussed in light of the government-initiated dining table education campaign to increase family meal time for the sake of children's character education at home.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1367-1374
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• 2014

This study is intended to increase the understanding of multicultural children's parent-child which I used as a control. To do this a survey was conducted of students with basic communication ability in the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grades who are enrolled in elementary school in Gyeonggi Province. In the study, the multicultural children's group, when compared to other groups, had a father-child relationship quality that was found to be lower. A study will be made analyzing the father of multicultural families' children, including the father's role in multicultural education. Through the fact that the quality of parent-child relationship significantly affects multicultural family children's school adjustment. If multicultural family parents have access to a variety of training programs in education, then multicultural children school adjustment will be further enhanced.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of internet use time and health risk behaviors among adolescents and provide data to set up a strategy for preventing internet addiction. Methods: The data of the 2011 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey Collected by Korean Center for Disease Control was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test for this study. Results: There were significant differences between boys and girls in internet use time. Boy's internet use time was different according to city size(F=13.20, p<.001), grade(F=35.85, p<.001), school record(F=298.95, p<.001), economic state(F=326.75, p<.001), living with parents(t=11.60, p<.001), father's education level(F=147.92, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=110.93, p<.001). Girls' internet use time was also different according to school grade(t=-8.68, p<.001), grade(F=61.03, p<.001), school record(F=233.32, p<.001), economic state(F=185.78, p<.001), living with parents(t=10.81, p<.001), father's education level(F=86.54, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=92.64, p<.001). Regarding the health risk behaviors, present smoking, present alcohol drink, drug use skipping breakfast, eating fast food, drinking soda, sexual behavior, suicidal attempt, engagement time in physical education classes, severe exercise, and sleeping satisfaction made differences in the internet use time. Conclusions: The results suggest that health risk behaviors are influenced by internet use time of adolescents. Thus, these results may be contribute to development of programs to prevent internet addiction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.286-296
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore first-time fathers' experiences during their transition to parenthood in South Korea. Methods: Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020 through in-depth interviews that were conducted individually with 12 participants. First-time fathers with children under 2 months of age were recruited. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: Four theme clusters were identified: Preparing to become a father, challenges of becoming a father, motivation to foster familial bonds, and acknowledgement of fatherhood. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Korean first-time fathers prepared to practice parenthood through prenatal education, taegyo, and feeling bonds with their new baby. They recognized their identity as fathers and experienced self-growth. These results would be beneficial for health professionals in developing perinatal care programs, and the results provide basic data for studies on fathers and families during the transition to parenthood.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2017

Using Korea Labor and Income Panel Surveys data, this paper estimates the effect of schooling level on income over time and the effect of children's education level on intergenerational income persistence. The results show that the impact of education level on income decreased over time. Also, intergenerational income persistence, measured as a dummy variable that has value one if children's income percentile group is same as the father's, increased with children's educational attainment only when the father is in upper income percentile groups. These findings indicate that education fails to play a significant role of the economic ladder and does not much help in raising intergenerational income mobility. Rather, education may possibly function as a means of intergenerational transmission of wealth through parental investment in their children's private education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.123-139
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• 2011

This study sought to examine the impact of reading ability and vocabulary at age 5, as well as analyzing the impact which children's gender, parental education level and family income level has on reading comprehension ability and vocabulary at the first grade level in primary school. The study also sought to compare the characteristics of the results obtained in Korea and Japan on this particular research topic. For the Korean part of the study, 328 first grade Korean children, who had participated in the initial testing as five-year olds and agreed to participate in the longitudinal study were tested; whereas in Japan, 215 students were tested. The study results indicated that, in the case of Korea, reading comprehension ability in the first grade was affected by vocabulary and reading abilities at age 5, gender, as well as the mother's education level, in that order. In Japan, it was affected in the order of vocabulary, gender, and father's education level. In terms of first grade vocabulary, in the case of Korea, it was affected in the order of vocabulary and reading ability at age 5 and father's education level; whereas in Japan, it was affected in the order of vocabulary, gender, and reading ability. In both Korea and Japan, at age 5, vocabulary was shown to have a more significant impact than reading ability on both of language ability and vocabulary in the subsequent primary school period. As such, it can be seen that more interest should be shown not only in the ability to read at age 5 but also in expanding the vocabulary of children at this age through appropriate interaction and support.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.97-105
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• 2020

This study was to identify the main predictors of smartphone overdependece of infants perceived by mothers and to provide basic data useful for education and practice. For this, data-mining decision tree analysis was performed using SPSS program, and the fianl 410 researches were used for analysis. The results. In the case of the whole infants, the most important predictor of smartphone dependence was father's leisure activity parenting participation. For boys, their father's leisure activity was the most dependent on their smartphone dependence. However, even if father's participation in leisure activities was high, smartphone overdependence increased again when mother's overprotection and permissive attitude were high. Finally, For girls, the most influential variable on smartphone dependence was warmth and encouragement among mothers' parenting attitudes.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2009

Objectives : This research aimed at investigating middle school students' knowledge and behavior of oral hygiene according to the knowledge level of parents on this ground, provide basic data for establishing a more effective school and home oral hygiene education program for students. Methods : Students were selected from four secondary schools in J city by convenience sampling, which is non probability sampling; then, the final analysis was performed on 272 self-administered questionnaires. For statistical analysis, SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to carry out frequency analysis and chi-square test at the 0.05 significance level in determining statistical significance. Results : 1. 50.0% had periodontal disease caused by 'weak periodontal', in the case of the father of academic ability was middle school graduated. 2. Showed lowly what is behavior prevention as regularly oral examination for the oral health, in the case of the parents's academic ability was low(in the case of the mother's academic ability was middle school graduated, 34.5% received regular oral examination every three months). 3. In the case of, the father and mother of academic ability was middle school graduated showed 50%, 44.8% about the teeth never important in the life. 4. In the case of, the father and mother of academic ability was middle school graduated showed 37.5%, 31.0% about time for the tooth brushing is under 1 minute per one time. Conclusions : It's very important for middle school student's oral health that the oral health education and oral hygiene attitude in their home. especially middle school student's attitude was controlled by parents' knowledge level. This like basic data will be useful in establishing program of school oral health and individual oral hygiene attitude in their home.