• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1993

Maternal body weight, skinfold thickness and circumference measurements were examined in 23 lactating women and 10 nonlactating women longitudinally from 1 week to 12 weeks postpartum. The dietary intakes of Korean lactating and nonlactating women were measured by 24-hour recall method and effects of maternal energy intake on body weight change were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The mean daily energy intake of breast-feeding(BF, n=12), combination of breast and formula-feeding (CF, n=11), and formula-feeding (FF, n=10) mothers were 1941kcal, 187kcal and 1727kcal, respectively. A significant decrease in weight was observed at all group. Weight losses at 12 weeks of postpartum in BF, CF and FF motheres were 3.18kg, 3.91kg and 5.15kg respectively. Weight losses increased as calorie intake decreased (${\gamma}$2=0.3803, p<0.05). The skinfold thickness and circumferences on all regions were decreased significantly except triceps and upper arm circumferences. However, there were no significant differences between lactating and nonlactating women. Anthropometric measurements decreased at the trunk but not at the limbs. Weight change was significantly correlated with changes of the scores for proximal circumference (${\gamma}$2=0.4999, p<0.05). There results suggest that lactation does not promete weight loss in well-nourished women and that the Korean RDA for energy in lactation may be too high.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1998

A numerical study is made on the ice-formation for water flow inside a stenotic tube. The study takes into account the interaction existing between the laminar flow and the stenotic port in the circular tube. In the solution strategy, the present study is substantially distinguished from the existing works In that the complete set of governing equations in both the solid and liquid regions are resolved. In a channel flow between parallel plates, the agreement of predictions and available experimental data is very good. Numerical results are mainly obtained by varying the height and length of a stenotic shape and additionally for several temperatures of the wall and inlet of tube. The results show that the shape of stenotic port has the great effect on the thickness of the solidification layer in the tube. As the height of a stenosis grows and the length of a stenosis decreases, the ice layer thickness near the stenotic port is thinner due to backward flow caused by the sudden expansion of water tunnel. It is also found that the ice layer becomes more fat In accordance with Reynolds number and the temperature of the wall and inlet of tube decreased.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

New immunoprotecting membranes were prepared by spin coating the amphiphilic random multiblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) or poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) on porous Durapore(R) membrane. The copolymer coating was intended to make a biocompatible, immunoprotecting diffusional barrier and the supporting porous substrate was for mechanical stability and processability. By filling Durapore(R) membrane pores with water, the penetration of coating solution into the pores was minimized during the spin coating process. A single coating process produced a completely covered thin surface layer (~1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness) on the porous substrate membrane. The permselectivity of the coated layer was influenced by PEG block length, polymer composition, and thickness of the coating layer. A composite membrane with the coating layer prepared with PEG 2 K/PTMEG 2 K block copolymer showed that its molecular weight cut-of fat any 40 based on dextran was close to the molecular size of IgG (Mw = 150 kDa). However, IgG permeation was detected from protein permeation test, while glucose oxidase (Mw = 186 kDa) was not permeable through the coated membrane.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.402-405
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine (0, 0.125%) on performance, carcass composition, pork quality and hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity of crossbred finishing barrows. Three replicates of ten pigs were used for each treatment. The results showed that average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by betaine. Compared with the control group, pigs treated with betaine had a 8.17% (p<0.05) decrease in carcass fat percentage, and a 8.84% (p<0.05) reduction in 10th-rib backfat thickness, but dressing percentage, percentage lean, longissimus muscle area, and average backfat thickness were not affected. There were also no significant differences in muscle color score, marbling score, pork pH value and water loss rate between the control and betaine-treated groups. Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) activity was significantly increased by 13.97% (p<0.05) when pigs were offered 0.125% betaine.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Among various physical or subjective assessments of the quality of X-ray images, physical assessments can be quantitative but they are eventually judged by the view of observers thus subjective assessments including the aspect of observers are required. The changes in the ability to detect lesions caused by changes in the thickness of acrylic plates were tested with the ROC interpretation method that has taken into consideration, all the features of physical assessments as well as observers' ability to observe and mental stages and even surrounding environments using an Alvim phantom and the result indicated that as the thickness of acrylic plates increased, the amount of noises occurred increased compared to signals and thus the ability to detect signals as well as the sensitivity that is an ability to signals accurately and the ability to distinguish noises from signals thus it is considered that more efforts of radiologic technologists will be required to detect small lesions of fat patients with diagnostic X-ray generating apparatus.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus on healthy offsprings of Korea non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty four offsprings who have at least 1 parent with NIDDM and age, sex and body mass index(BMI) matched forty four healthy control subjects were collected for this study. BMI, skinfold thickness, waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR), fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes and food behaviors were measured. There were no significant difference in BMI, WHR, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and daily nutrients intake between offsprings and controls. But skinfold thickness, LDL-cholesterol level and sweety food eating frequency were significantly higher in male offsprings than in male controls. And HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in male offsprings than in male controls. Although there were no significant difference, offsprings had a overeating habit and ate more confectionery and greasy food than controls.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in ultrasound imaging of the lower limbs in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis who received a total knee replacement (TKR). Methods : The participants for the study were ten patients who were to receive a total knee replacement. Measurements were taken a total of three times: before receiving a total knee replacement, and one week and two weeks after receiving a total knee replacement. The vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle were measured using ultrasound imaging. Results : Muscle thickness of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle had no significant interaction over time whether surgery was performed or not. White area index (WAI) and density of vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle had no significant interaction over time whether surgery was performed or not. Conclusion : In conclusion, lower quality muscles were due to a decrease in muscle fiber and an increase in fat fiber. Therefore, initial physical therapy after total knee replacement should consider this point and be designed appropriately as a therapeutic approach for total knee replacement patients.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

본 연구는 강원도 영동지방에서 사육중인 1,619두의 암소를 대상으로 암소의 인공수정 실패율에 관한 조사 연구를 실시하였다. 분석에 이용된 1,619두 암소의 평균 인공수정 실패율은 34.36%로 나타났고, 동해시에서 41.46%로 가장 높은 인공수정 실패율을 보여 각 지역별로 인공수정 실패율에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산차에 따른 인공수정 실패율에 따르면 1 산차에서 가장 높은 실패율인 49.14%를 나타냈으며, 5 산차에서 가장 낮은 실패비율인 29.91%를 나타내 산차가 증가함에 따라 인공수정 실패율이 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈으나, 6 산차 이상의 경우 실패율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 둔근지방 두께(rump fat thickness by ultrasound)에 따른 암소의 인공수정 실패율을 비교하였을 때 둔근지방 두께가 15 mm 초과인 경우 인공수정 실패비율이 33.4%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 5 mm 초과 10 mm 이하에서 가장 낮은 비율(28.9%)을 보여 둔근지방의 두께와 인공수정 실패 사이에는 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 인공수정 실패율이 높은 어미암소가 생산한 자우암소의 인공수정 실패율이 높을 확률은 약 80% 이상으로 나왔으며, 어미암소와 자우암소의 인공수정 실패율은 0.2186의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 암소의 인공수정에 영향을 미치는 요인은 암소의 둔근지방 두께, 산차, 어미암소의 수태율 등으로 분류할 수 있었으며, 한우 번식능력을 평가할 수 있는 기초 자료로써 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 더 나아가 강원 영동지방이 아닌 전국에 더 많은 샘플 수집을 통해 분석해야 할 것이며, 번식형질에 관련된 유전자 탐색 및 단일염기다형성분석 또한 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.695-704
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 비육돈 사료내 조단백질 및 CLA 수준과 그들간의 상호작용이 성장 및 육질특성에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 일령이 비슷하고 체중이 79±1kg되는 3원교잡종 48두를 공시하였다. 처리구는 시료 중 조단백질 함량 2수준(11.3%, 16.0%)과 CLA 함량 2수준(0%, 2.5%)의 2×2 요인실험으로, 처리당 4반복, 반복당 3두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 종료체중(P<0.05)과 일당증체량(P<0.01)은 조단백질 11.3% 급여구가 16.0% 급여구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, 사료요구율(feed/gain, P< 0.01)은 조단백질 11.3% 급여구가 16.0% 급여구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 도체중량은 조단백질 11.3% 급여구가 16.0% 급여구에 비해(P<0.001), CLA 2.5% 첨가구가 CLA 무첨가구에 비해(P<0.01) 유의적으로 낮았다. 조단백질 11.3% 첨가구에서는 CLA의 첨가가 도체중량에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 조단백질 16.0% 첨가구에서는 CLA 2.5% 첨가 시 도체중량이 유의적으로 감소하여, 조단백질과 CLA간 상호작용이 나타났다(P<0.01). 등지방두께는 조단백질 11.3% 급여구가 16.0% 급여구에 비해, CLA 2.5% 첨가구가 CLA 무첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 조단백질 11.3% 첨가구에서는 CLA의 첨가가 등지방두께에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 조단백질 16.0% 첨가구에서는 CLA 2.5% 첨가 시 등지방두께가 유의적으로 감소하여, 조단백질과 CLA간 상호작용이 나타났다(P<0.001). 상강도(marbling score) 및 근내지방(intramuscular fat) 함량은 조단백질 11.3% 수준의 사료를 섭취한 시험구가 조단백질 16.0% 수준의 사료를 섭취한 시험구보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 비육후기에 저 단백질 사료 급여로 등지방은 얇으면서 기호성이 높은 고 상강도의 돈육생산이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 한편 정상적인 수준의 조단백질 사료 급여 시 CLA의 첨가로 등지방두께를 낮출 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.517-528
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the circumference, skinfold thickness and strength of the normal and casted lower limb prior to casting and following removal of the cast. The subjects for the study were nine orthopedic patients who had had long and short leg casts due to a tibial, fibula, or calcaneus fracture, or to a lateral collateral ligament rupture. Circumference, skinfold thickness, and strength of the normal and casted lower limb following removal of the cast were compared with those prior to the application of the cast. Measurements were made before cast application and after removal of the cast. Skinfold thickness was measured by fat caliper, circumference was measured by tape and strength was determined by measuring the length of time the leg was held elevated at 45$^{\circ}$. The results can be summarized as follows 1. There was no change in the normal limb in the circumference of the midthigh and midcalf after casting as compared to before cast application. 2. In the casted limb the circumference of the midthigh decreased by 3.23% and that of the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.49% during the period of casting. 3. In the normal limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased and that of gastrocnemius increased by 20.63% during the period of cast application. 4. In the casted limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased significantly by 12.37% and that of gastrocnemius decreased by 10% during the period of cast application. 5. Strength of the normal lower extremity decreased significantly by 48.37% and that of casted lower extremity decreased remarkably by 73.07% during the period of cast application. 6. Circumference of the midthigh and the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.6% and 9.4% respectively on the casted side as compared to the normal side. Skinfold thickness of the quadriceps and the gastrocnemius on the casted side decreased by 6.12% and 18.55% respectively as compared to the normal side and strength in the lower extremity on the casted side decreased significantly by 44.32% as compared to the nor-mal side. From these results, it may be concluded that muscle atrophy occurs in the casted lower limb and muscle strength of the normal lower limb are also reduced during the period of application of a leg cast.