• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of individualized diabetes nutrition education. The nutrition education program was open to all type 2 diabetes patients visiting the clinic center and finally 67 patients agreed to join the program. To compare with 67 education group subjects, 34 subjects were selected by medical record review. The education program consisted of one class session for 1-2 hours long in a small group of 4~5 patients. A meal planning using the food exchange system was provided according to the diet prescription and food habits of each subject. Measurements of clinical outcomes and dietary intakes were performed at baseline and 3 months after the education session. After 3 months, subjects in education group showed improvement in dietary behavior and food exchange knowledge. In education group, intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin $B_2$, and folate per 1,000 kcal/day were significantly increased and cholesterol intake was significantly decreased. They also showed significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and fasting blood concentrations of glucose (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. However, no such improvements were observed in control group. To evaluate telephone consultation effect, after the nutrition education session, 34 subjects of the 67 education group received telephone follow-up consultation once a month for 3 months. The others (33 subjects) had no further contact after the nutrition education session. Subjects in the telephone follow-up group showed a decrease in BMI, FBS, and HbA1c. Moreover, the subjects who did not receive telephone follow-up also showed significant decreases in BMI and FBS. These results indicated that our individually planned education program for one session was effective in rectifying dietary behavior problems and improving food exchange knowledge, and quality of diet, leading to an improvement in the clinical outcomes. In conclusion, our individualized nutrition education was effective in adherence to diet recommendation and in improving glycemic control and lipid concentrations, while follow-up by telephone helped to encourage the adherence to diet prescription.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2016

본 연구는 2007~2012년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 30세 이상 제2형 당뇨병 여성 환자의 과일류 및 생선류 등의 식품섭취량과 심혈관질환 위험인자와의 관련성을 분석하였다. T2DM군이 NFG군에 비해 과일류 및 생선류의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고 이들의 섭취량이 증가할수록 고중성지방혈증의 위험성이 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 과일류와 생선류 섭취량은 각각 중앙값 이상으로 많이 섭취한 군 (FF3)이 각각 중앙값 이하로 섭취한 군 (FF1)에의 비해 TG 농도가 높을 위험이 유의적으로 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 과일류에 김치를 제외한 채소류, 버섯류, 해조류의 섭취량을 포함시켜 분석했을 때에도 같은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서, 한국인 제2형 당뇨병여성 환자의 과일류 및 생선류의 섭취가 심혈관질환에 긍적적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며, 과일류나 생선류 중 어느 한 종류만 많이 섭취하기보다는 두 종류를 모두 적절히 섭취하는 것이 심혈관 질환 위험성을 낮추는데 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

본 연구는 갈근과 지황 복합물과 유산소 운동이 난소절제로 갱년기를 유도한 흰 쥐에서 나타나는 지질 및 당대사 이상에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 난소절제 후 8주간 AIN-76A 식이를 급여한 결과 체중증가량, 식이섭취량, 체 지방, 혈장 LDL-C, 공복혈당 증가를 통해 갱년기 동물 모델이 유도되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 갈근과 지황 복합물과 유산소 운동은 서로 다른 기전으로 에스트로겐 분비 저하로 나타나는 비만 및 대사이상을 정상화하는 유익한 결과를 나타냈다. 지방 조직에서 확인된 관련 기전으로는 갈근과 지황 복합물로 인한 아디포넥틴 유전자 발현 증가 및 렙틴저항 억제, 유산소 운동으로 인한 아디포넥틴 및 인슐린 수용체 유전자 발현 증가, 갈근과 지황 복합물 및 유산소 운동의 병행으로 인한 아디포넥틴 유전자 발현 증가 상승효과가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 갈근과 지황 복합물과 유산소 운동의 병행은 폐경기 에스트로겐 결핍으로 인한 대사이상을 개선하는 효과가 있을 것으로 기대한다. 향후에는 폐경기 유도 동물모델의 개선과 함께 단백질 및 신호전달분자 수준에서 추가적인 기전연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

This study was conducted to identify the effects of exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that was based on Bandura's self efficacy model on self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. To the experimental group, exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that is composed of individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks was provided. In case of the control group, they were instructed to continue their usual lives. Data collection period was from March 1998 to June 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0 program. The results were as follows. In experimental group, The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant(t=2.07, p=.04). The anaerobic threshold has increased from $18.20\;m{\ell}$/kg/min to $19.07\;m{\ell}$/kg/min and it was statistically significant(t=2.05, p=.04). Level of fasting blood sugar has decreased from $188.20\;mg/d{\ell}$ to $155.55\;mg/d{\ell}$ after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant.(t=-2.69, p=.01). For the lipid metabolism, percent body fat has decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program. In conclusion, the exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program showed positive effect of self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and glucose and lipid metabolism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.582-586
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 8주 유산소 트레이닝이 제 2형 당뇨(T2DM)환자의 콜레스테롤과 신장기능에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위함이다. 피험자는 총 4명(남 3, 여 1)이며 8주 유산소 걷기 트레이닝의 운동강도는 최대심박수($HR_{max}$)의 60~75%, 주당 3~5 회, 20~45 분간 실시되었으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 신체적 특성 중 체지방률과 공복시 혈당은 8주 유산소 걷기 트레이닝 후 유의하게($p$ <0.05) 감소함을 나타냈고, 혈중지질인 총 콜레스테롤(TC)과 중성지방(TG)도 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 그러나 신장기능[BUN, uric acids, creatinine]은 유의한 변화를 나타내지 못했다. 결과적으로 8주 유산소 트레이닝은 제 2형 당뇨(T2DM)와 당뇨병성 신증 환자의 1예에서 체지방률과 공복시혈당, 지질을 감소시키는데 영향을 미쳤지만 신장기능 증진에는 어떠한 영향도 미치지 못했다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

췌장에 ${\beta}-cell$에만 특이적으로 작용하고 다른 기관에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보고되어 있는 streptozotocin을 흰쥐에게 투여하여 당뇨병을 유발시킨 다음 백미, 현미, 거대배아미를 6주간 급여한 후 혈당강화 효과를 알아보았다. 실험기간동안 모든 당뇨군들의 체중증가는 정상군에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮았다. 당뇨대조군에 비해서는 거대배아마를 급여한 군에서 체중감소현상이 억제되었다. 장기중 맹장의 경우 2배 이상의 비대현상이 나타났고 정상쥐에 비해 당뇨쥐가 수분섭취량, 소변배설량, 혈당이 유의적으로 높게 나타났는데 당뇨병의 주요 증세가 다갈(polydipsia), 다뇨(polyuria), 다식(polyphagia), 고혈당인점에서 당뇨군에 비해서 가대배아미는 당뇨증세가 어느 정도 호전효과가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비해 당뇨실험군들이 높게 나타났으며 수분섭취량은 정상군에 비해 당뇨대조군이 수분 섭취량증가가 나타났다. 당뇨실험군 내에서는 당뇨대조군에 비해 가대배아미군이 수분섭취량이 감소하였다. 뇨 배설량은 정상군에 비해 당뇨대조군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 당뇨대조군에 비해서 거대배아미군이 감소하였다. 장 기능 조절로서 장통과 시간과 분변고형물의 양에는 역의 상관관계로 식이섬유소의 함량이 높은 쌀 품종인 거대배아미는 장통과 시간이 짧으며 분변고형물의 양을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며 변의 수분보유량도 정상군에 비해 당뇨실험군들중 거대배아미군 전반적으로 높았다. 위 결과에서 거대배아미 급여가 당뇨동물의 공복시 혈당 수준을 유의적으로 낮추는데 효과가 있었으며 이당류 분해 효소 활성의 경우 정상군에 비해서 당뇨군이 lactase, maltase, sucrase 활성이 현저하게 증가 되었지만 당뇨실험군중에는 거대배아미가 소장점막부분의 lactase, maltase, sucrase의 활성을 저해시킴으로서 혈당상승을 억제시키는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 백미, 현미에 비해서 거대배아미를 급여한 당뇨동물에서 혈당을 억제시키는 효과를 보았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

The effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level, and potential interactions of these two factors were investigated in term of energy metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper${\times}$Small-tail Han sheep, male, mean initial body weight = 22.96 kg${\pm}$2.60 kg) were used in a 2${\times}$3 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 ${\mu}g$/kg, 400 $\mu{g}$/kg or 800 ${\mu}g$/kg from chromium yeast) and protein levels (low protein: 157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, or high protein: 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feeding trial. The lambs were then sacrificed and tissue samples were frozen for further analysis. Chromium at 400 ${\mu}g$/kg decreased fasting insulin level and the ratio of plasma insulin to glucagon, but these differences were not statistically significant; in contrast, chromium at 800 ${\mu}g$/kg increased the ratio significantly (p<0.05). Protein at the high level increased plasma tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) level (p = 0.060). Liver glycogen content was increased significantly by Cr (p<0.05), which also increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and adipose hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity. At 400 ${\mu}g$/kg, Cr increased muscle hexokinase (HK) activity. High protein significantly increased G-6-Pase activities in both the liver (p<0.05) and the kidney (p<0.05), but significantly decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.05). For HSL activity in adipose tissue, a Cr${\times}$CP interaction (p<0.05) was observed. Overall, Cr improved energy metabolism, primarily by promoting the glycolytic rate and lipolytic processes, and these regulations were implemented mainly through the modulation by Cr of the insulin signal transduction system. High protein improved gluconeogenesis in both liver and kidney. The interaction of Cr${\times}$CP indicated that 400 $\mu{g}$/kg Cr could reduce energy consumption in situations where energy was being conserved, but could improve energy utilization when metabolic rate was increased.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2009

목 적 : 터너증후군 환자에서 대사증후군과 심혈관 질환의 위험성이 높다. 성인 연령의 터너증후군 환자들에서 대사증후군 관련요인을 분석하고, 인슐린 저항성의 대사위험성을 알아보기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 43명의 성인 터너증후군 환자에서 대사증후군의 빈도와 관련 요인 값들을 분석하였다. HOMA-IR을 이용하여 인슐린 저항성군과 비저항성군으로 분류한 후 각 집단을 분석하고, HOMA- IR과 대사 증후군 관련요인의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 대사증후군은 터너증후군 환자의 7%에서 보였고 각 항목에 대해서 인슐린 저항성은 16.3%, 복부 비만이 15.4%, 고중성지방이 2.3%, 저HDL 콜레스테롤이 9.3%였고, 고혈압이 36.8 %였다. 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 공복 혈당, HOMA-IR, 수축기 혈압은 인슐린 저항성군에서 의미 있게 높게 나왔으며, HOMA-IR은 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 공복 혈당, 수축기 혈압과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 터너증후군 성인 환자들에서 대사증후군의 위험성이 있으며, 인슐린 저항성과 대사증후군 관련요인 간에 상관관계를 보인다. 터너증후군 환자들에게서 대사관련 요인을 일정기간 마다 검사하여 대사증후군 또는 인슐린 저항성으로의 진행여부를 감시하고 심혈관 합병증을 예방하는 것이 필요하다.