• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of the this study was to evaluate lifestyle intervention program for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Subjects of this study were 700 adults with metabolic syndrome who took health examinations in health promotion centers of Korea Association of Health Promotion between May 1 and June 30, 2006. Subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a comparison group. Participants in the experimental group received intensive 3-month lifestyle modification intervention and participants in the comparison group received minimal information on lifestyle modification. Pre test and Post test were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program. Results: After the intensive intervention on lifestyle modification(healthy diet, physical activity, moderate drinking, stress management, and smoking cessation), the levels of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly reduced for those in experimental group(P<0.001). For those in comparison group, the levels of blood pressure(P<0.001), waist circumference(P<0.001), and triglycerides(P<0.01) were significantly reduced after the intervention. No change in the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in both groups. After 3-month intervention, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was reduced to 35.7% in experimental group and 48.5% in comparison group. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the efficacy of therapeutic lifestyle intervention for the management of metabolic syndrome.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.364-374
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• 2011

There is a great public concern that higher consumption of eggs may increase the risk of chronic disease due to high levels of cholesterol in eggs. In contrast to this concern, limited studies have examined this relationship, and the study results have been inconsistent. This study was to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between egg consumption, blood markers and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Egg intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using criteria of the NCEP ATP III (2001) and abdominal obesity criteria of the WHO. In 5,548 subjects, 937 subjects were defined as having metabolic syndrome. In linear regression models, subjects reporting one or more egg consumption per day had significantly lower levels of triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure, and a higher level of HDL cholesterol, compared to those who rarely consumed eggs (P-trends < 0.05). After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the associations were no longer significant except for total cholesterol, showing higher levels with frequent egg consumption. More frequent intakes of egg (1 egg or more/day) were associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome in a logistic regression model (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.96), but this association also became insignificant after adjustments for multiple confounding factors (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.71-1.57). In healthy Korean adults, frequent intakes of eggs did not adversely affect the risk of metabolic syndrome. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the interpretability of the questionnaire-based pattern identification in terms of biosignals. For this purpose, we investigate the relationship between electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) and Qi-Blood-Yin-Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (QBYY-Q) in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 40 patients with diabetes mellitus answered the QBYY-Q and their ESC were measured by SUDOSCAN device (a diabetes screening device, France). To analyze the relationship between QBYY-Q and ESC, ANOVA analysis and Scheffe test were performed and Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained. Results Of the 40 diabetic patients, 23 (57.5%) were males and 17 (42.5%) were females. According to the QBYY-Q, 9 patients were classified into Qi deficiency pattern (QD), 9 patients were Blood deficiency pattern (BD), 10 patients were Yin deficiency pattern (YiD) and 12 patients were Yang deficiency pattern (YaD). Demographic information (age, body mass index, duration of illness, etc.), signs of vitality (blood pressure, body temperature, etc.), fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were not significantly different in each deficiency pattern. The ESC of the right leg was significantly lower in the BD group compared to the YiD group (p<0.022). Pearson's correlation coefficient was negatively correlated with the BD questionnaire score (r=-0.343, p <0.05). Finally, ESC showed a positive correlation with hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in all limbs (r=0.483, p<0.01). Conclusions We showed that ESC could be used to classify the Deficiency pattern identifications in diabetic patients. Especially, the ESC was significantly lower in the BD group and was negatively correlated with the BD scores. It implies the potential utility of the ESC to understand the BD in terms of modern biosignals.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between C-reactive protein(CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness(carotid IMT) in a population of middle-aged Koreans. Methods : A total of 1,054 men and 1,595 women(aged 40-70 years) from Kanghwa County, Korea, were chosen for the present study between 2006 and 2007. We measured high-sensitivity CRP and other major cardiovascular risk factors including anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood chemistry, and carotid ultrasonography. Health related questionnaires were also completed by each study participant. Carotid IMT value was determined by the maximal IMT at each common carotid artery. The relationship between CRP level and carotid IMT was assessed using multiple linear and logistic regression models after adjustment for age, body mass index, menopause(women), systolic blood pressure, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, triglyceride level, fasting glucose, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results : Mean carotid IMT values from the lowest to highest quartile of CRP were 0.828, 0.873, 0.898, and 0.926 mm for women(p for trend<0.001), and 0.929, 0.938, 0.949, and 0.979 mm for men(p for trend=0.032), respectively. After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, the relationship between CRP and carotid IMT was significant in women(p for trend=0.017), but not in men(p for trend=0.798). Similarly, adjusted odds ratio of increased IMT, defined as the sex-specific top quartile, for the highest versus lowest CRP quartiles was 1.55(95% CI=1.06-2.26) in women, but only 1.05(95% CI=0.69-1.62) in men. Conclusions : CRP and carotid IMT levels appear to be directly related in women, but not in men.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1048-1057
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake, health-related factors, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome and to investigate the prevalence odds ratio according to fruit and vegetable intake among middle-aged Korean men. Subjects included 1,677 men aged 40 - 64 years. The average intake of fruits and vegetables was $578.48{\pm}5.90g/day$. Forty-nine percent of the subjects were categorized into the deficient group based on the intake of fruits and vegetables, and the other subjects were categorized into the adequate group. There was a significant difference in the nutrient density per 1,000 kcal of energy, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber between the fruit and vegetable intake groups (p<0.001). In terms of health-related factors, only the current smoking rate in the deficient group (57.9%) was higher than that in the adequate group (45.4%) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the risk factors for metabolic syndrome between the fruit and vegetable intake groups. Proportion of serum triglycerides (42.6%) was the highest at a rate that exceeded the criteria for risk factors for metabolic syndrome, but systolic blood pressure (21.7%) showed a very low rate. The fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the deficient group than in the adequate group (p<0.05). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.2%. OR for prevalence of metabolic syndrome related to fruit and vegetable intake was 1.270 times higher in the deficient group than in the adequate group (p<0.05). Also, when the daily fruit intake was increased by 100 g, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was reduced by 0.948 times but it was not related to the vegetable intake. The results of this study can be used as the basic data to establish the guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake for prevention of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men.

• 지질동맥경화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of sodium intake on the correlations between the saltsensitive gene ${\alpha}$-adducin 1 (ADD1) and inflammatory cytokines in Korean childhood obesity. Methods: A total of 2,070 students aged 8-9 years old participated in this study. The anthropometrics, serum biochemistry profile, inflammatory cytokines, and three-day dietary assessment were analyzed according to sex, obesity degree, and ADD1 polymorphism. Results: The obesity prevalence was higher in boys (15.6%) than in girls (11.9%). Boys also showed higher values in anthropometrics; lipid, glucose, and insulin profiles; total calorie intakes, as well as those of sodium and calcium compared with those of the girls. The more obese were boys and girls, the higher were the anthropometrics and the blood levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and insulin), but the lower was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The obese boys had significantly higher sodium and Na/K intakes, while the obese girls had higher visfatin level and Na/K intake. In addition, an increase in the risk factors for blood pressure and obesity in ADD1 variants was identified. Serum tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) significantly increased with increasing sodium intake in the ADD1 W allele carriers, regardless of sex. The presence of obesity with the ADD1 W allele induced inflammatory accelerators such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ or C-reactive protein(CRP) with higher sodium intake. Conclusion: Obese children with an ADD1w allele can experience a more complex form of obesity than non-obese when exposed to an obesity-inducing environment and need to be controlled sodium intake in the diet.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1985

In medical selection of Daehan Education Insurance, We doubted that 140 cases(male 117 cases, female 23 cases) might have the fatty infiltration of the liver by ultrasonography. We examined the weight and the hypertension of 140 patients by biochemically analyzing the blood extracted under fasting according to the age-distribution. The results are as follows: 1. 90% out of them had body weight than normal subject. 34.29% out of them were hypertension patients and most of them were $30{\sim}39's$ and $40{\sim}49's$. 2. As compared with the normal subjects in serum lipid value, HDL cholesterol value was low, but total cholesterol, Triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value were significantly high. Especially the statistical value of Triglyceride was very significantly high. 3. Total abnormal rate of sGOT value in Liver function test is 34.43% and the mean value of it is 66 unit and the abnormal rate of sGPT value is all 3.14% and the value of it is 70 unit. 4. The abnormal rate of Alkaline phosphatase value is 9.29% and the abnormal rate of total Bilirubine value is 14.29%. As HBsAg positive rate is 2.14% and HBs Ab positive rate is 31.43%, the positive rate of HBsAg represents Lower positive rate than Korean mean value. 5. The abnormal rate of the fasting blood glucose is 15.00% and the abnormal rate of Blood sugar pc 2hrs is 30.71%. 6. The abnormal case of protein, Albumin, Globulin, BUN, craetinine and Hemoglobin value was not found to any of them and in the above liver function test except serum lipid value, the rate not showing the abnormal value represents 45.3%(male) and 52.17%(female).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 1997

This study was performed from March to June 1994 in ANsung Medical Center. We investigated serum components of 78 diabetics in the center, in addition to the nutrient intake status and anthrophometric status of 60 diabetics among them. We separated the latter into 2 groups(ⅰ) less tan 5 years of diabetic duration and ⅱ) more than 6 years of diabetic duration) and analyzed the clinical characteristics of each group. The results are as follows : \circled1 The average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1 and 58.9 years, respectively. The average diabetic duration of male subjects was 4.8 years and that of female subjects was 5.9 . The major occupational field of both male and female subjects was agriculture(33.3%, 36.1%). 50% of male and 75% of female subject's monthly incomes were less than 600, 000 won and 75% of male and 94.4% of female subjects had weekly food expense less than 40, 000 won. The nutrient intake status of the subjects was lower than RDA on the whole. There was no big differences between 2 the male groups of different diabetic duration , but calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron and Vit B$_1$intakes of the above 6 year female group were appearently higher than those of the under 5 year female group (p<0.05). There were different intake tendencies between male and female subjects . For females. the longer the diabetic duration, the less intakes of calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$, and niacin were observed. Furthermore, the longer the diabetic duration in females , the more intakes of energy and nutrients, except Vit C were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were 155mg/dl and 164mg/dl and Postprandial glucose levels were 242mg/dl and 247mg/dl for males and females respectively. Hb of both males and females , and Ht of males met the lower limit of normal status, The serum TG level was higher than normal , so that they seemed to suffer from hyperlipidemia ; their high HbAIC status indicated that the management of diabetes mellitus was poor. The total protein level of female subject was higher when compared with that of males(p<0.05). All subjects blood pressure were higher than normal , and the longer the diabetic duration, the higher was the blood pressure. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the above 6 year group male subjects were lower(p<0.05) than those of the under 5 year male group subjects, and the former group's systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of the latter(p<0.05). Levels of serum total protein, albumin and TG of the above 6 year female group were lower than those of the under 5 year female group(p<0.05). As the diabetic duration was extended, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a tendency to increase, while Hb, Ht, total protein, albumin, and A/G, which represent the nutrients state of iron and protein, were inclined to decrease. This result showed that serum lipid components went bad. To summarize the results, the longer the diabetic duration, the worse were the male subjects nutrient intake status, but those of the female subjects were good. With respect to serum components and serum lipid subjects Fe, protein, nutrition status and serum lipid component got worse as the diabetic duration was extended , implying the possibility of diabetes mellitus complication grows.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1726-1733
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• 2011

본 연구는 패추출물 섭취를 통해 제 2형 당뇨병 환자의 혈당, 혈중지질 및 항산화 체계 개선에 있어서 패추출물의 효능을 규명하고자 하였다. 동결건조 한 패추출물을 200 mg 캡슐로 만들어 제 2형 당뇨환자에게 아침과 저녁 식전에 4캡슐씩 하루 8캡슐(1600 mg)을 10주간 섭취하도록 하였다. 위약군은 동량의 corn starch를 실험군과 동일하게 제조한 후 같은 방법으로 섭취하게 하였고, 이중맹검법을 사용하였다. 실험대상자는 총 46명이며 실험군 24명, 위약군 22명으로 구성되었으며, 두 군의 일반적 특성 및 생활습관은 유의적 차이가 없었다. 패추출물 섭취군에서 공복혈당은 10주간 섭취 후 $136.50{\pm}31.96$ mg/dL에서 $130.90{\pm}29.88$ mg/dL로 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 당화혈색소는 $7.34{\pm}0.78%$에서 $6.82{\pm}0.98%$로 유의적(p<0.01)으로 감소하였다. 특히 당화혈색소가 8% 미만인 저당화혈색소 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 인슐린저 항성은 패추출물군의 경우 $2.77{\pm}0.49$ mmol/L에서 $2.19{\pm}0.62$ mmol/L로 감소하였으나 유의성이 없었으며 위약군도 유의한 변화가 없었다. 패추출물의 섭취가 10주간 이루어지면서 혈청지질의 변화는 유의하지 않았으나 HDL-콜레스테롤 경우 위약군에서 감소한 반면 패추출물군에서는 $41.14{\pm}7.86$ mg/dL에서 $46.82{\pm}5.69$ mg/dL로 증가하였다. LDL-콜레스테롤은 $115.43{\pm}27.47$ mg/dL에서 $108.73{\pm}22.36$ mg/dL로 감소하였으나 유의한 변화는 없었다. 지질과산화물 농도는 패추출물 섭취군에서 $6.83{\pm}1.05$ nmol/MDA에서 $5.72{\pm}1.28$ nmol/MDA로 그 함량이 감소되었고, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase와 같은 항산화 효소계의 활성은 위약군에 비하여 패추출물 섭취군에서 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간기능 지표인 AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP와 신장 기능 지표인 BUN, creatinine에서 유의적인 차이 없이 정상범위를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과 한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 패추출물의 섭취는 지난 2~3개월간의 평균 혈당관리 상태를 파악할 수 있는 지표인 당화혈색소 감소에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 패추출물 복용 후에도 간 및 신장기능이 정상으로 확인되었으므로 패추출물은 당뇨병 환자들의 평균 혈당관리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

커피첨가식이를 섭취한 당뇨 쥐에서 혈당, 혈중 지질농도, 간지질함량 및 간조직의 항산화효소인 SOD, GPx, CAT에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험시작 시 체중은 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고 실험종료 시 체중은 당뇨군내에서 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았으며, 실험기간동안 체중증가량은 당뇨군이 비당뇨군보다 유의적으로 낮았으나 커피첨가식이 섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 평균 식이섭취량은 당뇨군이 비당뇨군보다 유의적으로 높았고, 당뇨군내에서는 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았으며, 식이효율은 당뇨군이 비당뇨군보다 유의적으로 낮았으나 커피섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았고, LDL-콜레스테롤 농도와 atherogenic index는 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 간의 중성지방 함량은 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 커피군이 유의적으로 낮았고, 총콜레스테롤 함량은 커피섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간 조직의 MDA 함량은 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 간 조직의 항산화효소인 SOD, GPx, CAT 활성은 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 커피섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈당은 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 커피군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론적으로 당뇨 쥐에서 0.5% 커피첨가식이가 간의 항산화효소 활성에는 유의적인 영향이 없었으나, 당뇨 쥐의 혈당을 낮추었고, 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 높였으며, 혈중 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도, atherogenic index, 간 중성지방 함량 및 과산화지질 MDA는 낮추어 혈당과 혈중 및 간 지질 개선에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.