• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2006

Objectives : Although dairy farming ranks as the industry with the highest injury incidence rate, the information on the injuries is limited in Gyeonggi Province. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of farm accidents and injuries. Methods : The occurrence of accidents among dairy farmers due to work-related injuries were investigated from 2,799 dairy farms of Seoul Dairy Cooperative. Among 171 total accidents, the number of accidents for human was 108. In this study, the 108 human accidents were investigated. Results : The results of this study were as follows; First, the injury rate in dairy farming was 1.60%. Second, the highest injury in dairy farm was occurred in the spring and at 6~8 p.m. Third, a variety of injuries occurred when doing the milking. Fourth, cow, machinery and falls were among the most common causes. Fifth, the most common injuries was fracture (52.8%) and the most common body part of injuries were torso (25.9%), legs (22.2%) and hand (18.5%). Sixth, 45% of the accidents indicated the lost work time from 4 weeks to 3 months. Recommendations: With the results, it is recommended that practical control methods to prevent accidents in dairy farming, for instance, wearing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) or designing a moderate floor of works etc. be studied and developed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to propose rural housing planning guidelines by conducting a survey on the needs of the elderly people engaged in farming activities and looking into complaints about their houses targeting 120 people from 50s to 70s. The method employed was a survey with questionnaires. The survey results showed the needs of the elderly for the rural housing are different from those of general retired elderly people because they still engage in farming activities even if they grow old. The needs are as follows. First, the respondents show high preference for the foyer storage to store equipments and goods related to agriculture. Second, the respondents have needs for enough kitchen area accommodating their house work and rural life. Lastly, the respondents highly prefer well planned storehouses in the exterior. In addition, they also want the storehouses directly connected with the house because this plan can save their workforce. They recognize storehouses are the most poorly planned space in the rural house because of the unsatisfactory space area and interior space planning. These needs should be reflected on the planning of rural housing for the elderly engaged in farming activities.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2020

This paper designed modular agricultural robotic platform capable of a variety of agricultural tasks to address the problems caused by a decline in agricultural populations and an increase in average age. We propose a modular robotic platform that can perform many tasks required in field farming by replacing only work modules with common robotic platforms. This platform is capable of steering while driving on four wheels in an upland environment where farm work is performed, and an attitude control module is attached to each drive module to control the attitude of the platform. In addition, the width of the platform is designed to be variable in order to operate in various ridges according to the crop cultivation method. Finally, we evaluated five items: variable width, gradient, attitude control angle, step and road speed in order to carry out the farming industry while maintaining a stable posture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 1991

This Study is designed to present the concret data on the contents of the economic role and their change in the recent decade among women in a Korean Village. The Case Study method was used and the data was obtained through the participant observation. This Study is composed of the three parts. The first part deals with the effect of the agricultural mechanization upon the agricultural labor pattern of women. The second part examines how the introduction of a golf course and the textile factory in the vinicity affects the labor pattern among village women. The last part tries to demonstrate that the increasing contribution of women to the village economy has not yet produced any positive effect to their social status in the village. This is seen through the detailed description of two important village activities, one social(Tae dong-Gae) and the other ritual (Mokshinjae). The Results of the Study can be summarized as fallows. Firstly, the mechanization of farming is responsible for the increasing marginalization of women's labor in farming. This is particularly true for rice cultivation. Horticulture is still cultivated by women. As the mechanization progresses further, this trend will be more articulated. Secondly, it is found that women are actively utilizing the new external economic opportunities. In fact they are found to prefer those non-farming works to the traditional farming work. The former offers them less burdened work, less working hours, and more income than the letter. Lastly, women are found to be completely excluded from the process of the two important village activities. Only men are participants in them, and women only provides the labor for preparation of food and the necessary chores.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.647-659
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• 2015

This study analyzes current technologies in personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanisms that can be used in the agricultural field to provide data for research and development on PPE for farmers. There is growing awareness of the importance of PPE as part of efforts to reduce agricultural accidents, but data remain rare for developing PPE tailored to the farm work environment. In this regard, patent data on PPE can provide useful insights for facilitating relevant technologies and research. This study examines patents and utility models classified under the IPC code in Korea and other countries to analyze patented technologies and recent trends for the period from January 2003 to October 2014. Here Korea, the U.S., Japan, and Europe were considered. The results show that the number of patent applications for PPE remained steady without any sharp fluctuations. KIPO applications accounted for 43.5% of all cases, reflecting the highest proportion among the countries considered. Domestic applicants accounted for 94% of all cases. In Korea, patent applications were concentrated in safety gear for the face and eyes, indicating a high level of technology. The highest level of competition was observed for safety goggles in all countries. Some PPE technologies were dominated by a particular manufacturer. The analysis results for farming-related technologies show the current state of technologies and areas lacking technological development. This study analyzes patented technologies for PPE in Korea and other countries and recent research trends as part of the effort to develop PPE for workers in the farming and livestock industry. This study represents an early-stage effort to develop PPE for workers in the farming and livestock industry, and the results are expected to be useful for tailoring PPE to Korea's farming and livestock environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2017

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate farm work environments among farmers and examine the level of management of safety and health, and to subsequently produce study result to serve as foundational data for the development of guidelines on safety and health as part of the improvement of farming work environments among farmers raising Korean native cattle. Methods: The present study conducted a survey on farm work environments and the management of safety and health with 407 farmers engaged in Korean native cattle farming in selected regions in eight provinces. It also visited 10 farmers to verify the current status of farm work. Results: The survey results showed that 16.4% of the respondents experienced safety-related accidents due to farm work. The locations of the accidents were inside the cattle shed (71.4%) and facilities outside the cattle shed (19.6%). The types of accident showed collision with animals (35.7%), collision or contact with obstacles (27.1%), and musculoskeletal accidents due to heavy object handling (12.9%). The causes of the accidents were cattle (38.3%), cultivators and tractors (25.4%), facility tools in cattle sheds (9.0%), and slippery floors (6.0%). The damaged areas were hand (21.0%), spine (19.8%), lower limb (18.5%), and foot (17.3%). A self-diagnostic survey on respiratory diseases showed that 11.5% of the respondents experienced respiratory-related symptoms. The survey on safety and health during farm work showed that wearing personal protective equipment and response to emergency situations, which were needed to prevent safety-related accidents, were relatively low compared to the level of recognition of the need and awareness of safety issues. Furthermore, the field survey identified the current status of safety and health issues such as prevention management of collision accidents with cattle, how to handle heavy objects, and wearing of personal protective equipment. Conclusions: The present study identified safety-related accidents and problems in the management of safety and health among Korean native cattle farmers. In order to address the problem, it is necessary to not only provide guidelines on safety and health management which are appropriate to the characteristics of Korean native cattle farming work, but also to study the development of personal protective equipment.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.515-522
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• 2009

This study was to develope the functional work clothing for livestock farmers. Major demanding performances for livestock work clothing are anti-soil and anti-bacterial properties. On surveys, functional fabrics that have anti-soil, anti-bacterial and waterrepellent performances were developed and the work clothing that have adaptability to body movements were manufactured. The designs of livestock working clothes were two piece and one piece with rubber bade in waist. The thermal responses of subjects wearing the winter working clothes for stock farming worker were measured in the climate chamber($17^{\circ}C$, 40% R.H.). The main results were summarized as follows: Total body weight loss was smaller and the mean skin temperature was higher in developed clothes than the market product. Clothing micro-climate of developed clothes was lower than the market clothes. Subjective sensation did not have significant differences. From the results of various evaluation, developed garments for livestock workers showed better efficiency than the market product.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2020

Through this study, the policy proposals were intended to be presented to the head of the farming policy. Therefore, the meaning of this study is as follows. First, rather than judging the returning farmer on his own, he should provide sufficient information to consult with his family and increase access to agriculture. Second, by opening up SNS and YouTube to returning farmers, they should instill confidence in rural areas by providing them with information about the joy of rural life and the success of farming so that they can easily access information about rural life through villages, youth associations and women's associations. Efforts should be made to create vibrant rural areas by providing infrastructure around farmland, providing various amenities for settling young people and forming a family farmers' association. Third, the head of the return farming policy should come up with customized support policies for the return farming (e.g., one-year farm support, free farm support, institutional sales guarantee, tourism in advanced countries, modernization of farmland facilities). Public relations strategies should also be strengthened so that such policies can lead to agriculture. Finally, the government should provide subsidized economic activities (e.g. Airbnb, donation of expertise and work-related personnel before returning home, rural experience, etc.).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-193
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• 1996

This study was carried out to elucidate the causes of farmer's disease and greenhouse disease in the rural area of Kyungnam province during 1996. 2,171 (69.1%) of the 3,140 adults above 20 years old who had lived in the selected 20 villages in Uiryong County of Kyungnam Province were selected in order to over both residents who live in the green house distracts and conventional rural area. The results were as follows: 1. Among the subjects, the male was 42.2% and female was 57.6%. The average age for the male was 52.3, 55.6 for the female. 2. The proportion of the farmers in the subjects was 81.5%. Among these 78.0% were engaged in the greenhouse farming. 3. Among the eight symptoms of Nofusho(japanese farmer's comples), lumbago was the most frequently complained and followed by shoulder stiffness and parenthesis of hand or foot. 4. The total score of farmer's disease was evidently higher in the female and the older the score was clearly bigger. 5. The prevalence of Nofusho(Japanese farmer's comples)was 26.8% and 43.15% was for the suspected Nofusho. In the male, the prevalence of Nofusho was 13.6% and 40.9% for the suspected Nofusho and in the female 36.5% and 44.7% were shown, comparatively. 6. According to the multiple classification analysis, sex, age, and occupation were selected as significant variables to explain the total score of Nofusho. 7. The correlations between the total score of Nofusho and the number of sick day, working years, and age were significant, comparatively. 8. According to the multiple classification analysis corolling interaction between independent variables, age was the only variable which was significant in the male and age, pesticide work in the female. 9. The score of greenhouse disease was highest in the group who engaged in greenhouse farming and conventional farming(2.76 for male, 3.77 for female) followed by the group who engaged only in greening house farming(2.66 for male, 3.49 for female) and by the group who engaged only in conventional farming(2.27 for male, 3.05 for female) 10. According to the multiple classification analysis with the total score of greenhouse disease as dependent variable, corolling interaction between independent variables, age and pesticide work were revealed as significant variables in the male, while, pesticide work and farming type were significant in the female. According to the above results, the following could be suggested. Because lumbago, shoulder stiffness, paresthesia of hand and foot were the most frequently complained symptoms in the respondent, the development of farming tool to reduce the body burden and periodical physical exercise and rest is highly recommended. It is revealed that both in the farmer' disease and greenhouse disease the score was higher in the female than in the male. So the reasonables measures is recommended to reduce the working hours of the female. Pesticide work was revealed as the significant variable in the female in farmer's disease and both in the male and the female in greenhouse disease. So the development of the safe method of pesticide spraying including safety education should be introduced. Particularly the female should be excluded in pesticide spraying.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2005

A bench-scale feasibility study was conducted with solid farming feed to evaluate a treatment process for microbiological removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Strains, Bacillus sp. CK-10 and Bacillus sp. CK-13, were originally isolated from water samples of shrimp farming pond. Simultaneous removal of N/P in marine media was monitored in the co-cultures, CK-10 and CK-13. As the results, $400\;{\mu}M\;NH^{+}_4$ and $400\;{\mu}M\;NO^{-}_2$ were eliminated within 12 hours and $NO^{-}_3$ within 36 hours, and $500\;{\mu}M\;PO^{-3}_4$ was completely disappeared within 36 hours from the media. Cultures of CK-10 and CK-13 were applied for removal of N/P leached from shrimp farming fred. HPAEC-PAD system was used to analyze sugars in farming feed, resulting in resolution of various sugars including glucose, galactose, galatosamine, mannose, and fucose. $0.2\%$ (w/v) Pulp densities of the farming feed contained approximately $33.3\;{\mu}M\;NH^{+}_4,\;12.9\;{\mu}M\;NO^{-}_2.\;81.5\;{\mu}M\;NO^{-}_3\;and\;248\;{\mu}M\;PO^{-3}_4$ which could dissolved within 72 hours of leaching in aqueous solution followed by bacterial removal. Complete bacterial removal of N/P was achieved within 84 hours at $0.2\%$ of the feed in co-cultures, whereas single cultures removed to incompletion of N/P during the incubation period. This work demonstrated that test cultures, CK-10 and CK-13 showed effective removal of N/P derived from shrimp farming feed.