• 동양고전연구
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• 제73호
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• pp.65-89
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• 2018

'주부의 명절증후군'이라는 신조어까지 만들어낸 제사 문화와 시집살이 문화는 어쩌면 오랜 전통이 아닌 최근의 문화일 것이라는 생각에서 출발한 본 연구는 조선시대 부권(婦權)의 상실이 조선 후기 성행한 '양반-되기' 문화 때문이라는 것을 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 조선 중기까지 여성 특히 가정 내 부인은 친정에서 가지고 온 재산과 친정과의 유대를 통해 나름의 권위를 가지고 주체적 삶을 살았다. 하지만 이러한 부권(婦權)은 임병양란 이후 영세해진 가문을 지키기 위해 딸을 상속에서 배제하면서 사라졌다. 그렇지만 전 인구의 양반화가 불가능했기 때문에 양란을 기점으로 종법제에 입각한 성리학적 가부장제가 전 인구로 확산될 수는 없었다. 성리학적 가부장제가 전 인구의 보편적 윤리가 된 것은 양란 이후 지속적 사회 변화 속에서 양반의 수가 급증하였기 때문이다. 게다가 천자부터 평민까지 모든 사람이 종법제를 지켜야 한다는 정주학의 예론은 모든 집안에 '사당'을 두어 조상의 제사를 모시라고 하는 "주자가례"를 통해 실현되었다. 경제력을 상실한 양반이 자신을 양반으로 내세울 수 있는 유일한 근거는 오직 준엄한 의례밖에 없었으며, 양인에서 양반이 된 사람들 또한 양인과의 구별을 위해 '형식적 예'만을 강조할 수밖에 없었다. 이렇게 19세기 조선의 '양반-되기' 문화는 성리학적 가부장제에 의한 예법을 공고히 했다. 이 결과 여성은 오로지 시집을 위해 종사하는 존재가 되었으며 이렇게 하는 것이 남편과 아들의 가문을 지키는 일이라 생각해 스스로를 옥죄기도 했다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.160-174
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• 2005

Despite the decrease in the number of children due to low birth rate, the domestic children's apparel market has been achieving steady growth as family income is rising thanks to more opportunities for working women, parents spend more on their children, and they prefer brand products that make their children look special. In addition, the market is suffering from hard competition as large enterprises have joined the race. The present study purposed to survey the children's apparel market in Korea, which is in a transitional period, and to contribute to the development of the market with Korean brands. For this purpose, we analyzed the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century based on the current state of the domestic children's apparel market and, based on the findings, forecasted the future trend of children's apparel brands, suggested improvements for expected problems, proposed standards for coping with changes such as diversification, high quality and differentiation in the children's apparel market, and provided consumers with information on how to purchase products. According to the result of analyzing the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century, brands are categorized largely into four types - life cultural brands, functional product brands, character brands and brands advancing to China. Life cultural brands equipped with all necessities for children are expanding, and with the deepening social problems of environmental pollution and the reduction of the child population, functional products made of environment-friendly materials are spreading widely, targeting infants and children. Furthermore, for extending age targets and diversifying products, children's apparel is using characters. The use of characters is expected to have a considerable effect on the growth of brands because children are more subjective as consumers than before and they are more easily persuaded with characters. Domestic children's apparel brands advancing to China have a high expectation of success in overcoming the limitation of the local market that has reached its peak and growing into global brands. Korean apparel makers are struggling to overcome the depressed domestic market, to recover consumers' consumption, to cope with market opening, to pursue high value of sensibility and to expand the seniors' market, etc. In this situation, future trends of children's apparel brands will be the expansion of family brands, brand totalization, quality price, niche market (pre-teen market), etc. In response to these trends, we made the following suggestions for improvement. 1. Children's apparel brands are evolving into family brands as well as into total brands through voluming. Today, however, apparel makers are advancing to the children's apparel market with the concept of adults' apparel and, as a result, children's apparel is merely adults' apparel of reduced size, having problems in design, color and materials. Thus, apparel makers must develop design considering the wide range of size and the characteristics of children's apparel, strengthen sourcing abilities to create revenues, and make thorough survey of customers to find common denominators between adults' apparel and children's apparel considering that characteristic that the target class is different from the buyer class. Furthermore, they must make active investments in human resources, develop outstanding products through advanced planning and design, and support marketing techniques and management systems to stores. 2. As the declining birth rate will continue to have a negative effect on the market, it may be difficult to expand the market size but there is still a margin for growth through high-sensibility and high-quality products. The competitiveness of brands is determined by their market shares. Accordingly, concepts should be specialized according to lifestyle, customers' diverse needs should be satisfied, and cross-coordination should be achieved within a brand. 3. Considering Korean parents who do not spare investment in their children despite shrinking consumption, functional products must be high value-added goods that can enhance efficiency. However, in the current situation of the infants' apparel industry where a textile manufacturer supply its products to multiple brands, it is difficult to develop unique products only based on materials. Thus, it is considered urgent to appeal to consumers not by relying on materials only but by finding methods of applying their own characters to children's dress.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the living culture of transnational married women and to analyze the out door play of children in their hometown. The data was collected through observation from 27th June to 7th July 2008 in Jian, Jilin Province China. The children's play and lifestyles were observed, and data pertaining to the culture of the people were collected by a teacher and staff. We also visited the residents for housing information. The results are given below. 1. They dressed in Korean clothes on festive days and the boys put on a hood. They had eating habits which included cooking for themselves or buying semi-manufactured goods but did not use, instant food. The housing habits involved a combination of cooking and heating by Korean floor heating system(Ondol). They utilized outdoor space to grow vegetables. Those with a fulltime job(teacher) preferred to live in an apartment but an apartment was too expensive. Public utility charges and traffic expenses were cheap. 2. The main festive days are the lunar New Year's Day and Chuseok. The children returned home and enjoyed the festive day with their parents. The language used are Korean language and Chinese. Some Korean words and phrases in Jian Joseonjok have different meanings as compared to how they are used in Korea. A capping ceremony did not to celebrate becoming an adult from an adolescent. Couples performed a wedding ceremony at a wedding hall attended by their parents and invited relatives from both families. The relatives gave the couple a wedding gift. They did not go on a wedding trip as it was not affordable but instead spent their wedding night at a hotel in this culture. When someone dies, they bury the body after cremation. They perform a memorial service for three years on the birthday of the departed. They have a banquet on the 60th birthdays with their relatives and neighbours and are typically presented with a carp for longevity. 3. They understand capitalism and therefore send their children to school to improve their social position. The Korean and Chinese languages are required subjects in school. The students choose a second language(English or Russian). They prefer English class but at the time of this study an English class was not offered at the school in Jian Joseonjok. Therefore the children entered a Chinese school. 4. The children play outdoor games such as Y$\acute{a}$o J$\grave{i}\bar{a}$(要家), X$\grave{i}$ang g$\grave{i}$(象棋), T$\grave{i}\grave{a}$o p$\acute{i}$ j$\grave{i}$n(r)(跳皮節), D$\grave{o}$uch ing g$\grave{u}$n 凍冷根, B$\bar{e}$i B$\bar{e}$i 背背, and soccer. They play games according to the season.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2020

본 연구는 암 생존자의 일상생활 복귀 경험의 이해를 통해 성공적인 일상생활 복귀와 삶의 질 향상 방안을 모색하고자 시도되었다. 암 치료 후 5년이 경과되어 완치 판정을 받은 19명을 암 생존자 환우회 및 인터넷 카페에 연구목적과 방법을 공지하여 모집하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 1월 18일부터 2월 25일까지로 심층면담을 통해 실시되었으며, 자료가 포화될 때까지 이론적 표출을 시도하였다. 1회 면담 시간은 90분에서 120분 정도 소요되었으며, 인터뷰 이후 불충분한 내용은 추가 면담을 통해 내용을 확인 받았다. 면담 횟수는 1~3회였다. 근거이론에 따른 자료 분석을 실시하였으며, 암 생존자의 일상생활복귀 경험은 '고달픈 현실', '육체적 소진', '심리적 소진', '경제적 소진'이라는 인과적 조건으로 인해 '벗어날 수 없는 현실', '내일을 알 수 없는 불확실한 현실'이라는 중심현상이 발견되었다. '가족의 지지부족', '노동 취약계층으로의 이동', '미비한 지원시스템', '사회적 지원체계 희망', '위축된 성', '암/암환자에 대한 편견', '찾기 힘든 완치 이후 삶에 대한 정보' 등의 맥락적 조건에 따라 '적극적 건강관리', '긍정적 경험', '절대적 존재에 의지하기' 전략을 선택적으로 수행하였다. 이러한 전략 수행 과정은 중재적 조건인 '든든한 울타리', '효과적인 암보험'의 영향을 받았다. 그 결과는 '새로운 삶 구축하기' 또는 '견디기'로 나타났다. 암 생존자의 성공적인 일상생활 복귀를 위해서는 일상생활 복귀 과정에서 경험할 수 있는 문제들과 관련된 포괄적인 정보 제공 및 보건·복지적 개입이 필요하며, 향후 암 생존자 관리를 위한 시스템 구축 시 암 생존자의 요구를 반영한 지원 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.

• 한국인구학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.84-110
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• 1993

This study aims at identifying the recent change in marriage behaviors in Korea. The data used here is the vital statistics compiled from the vital registration system of which registration form is put on one from together with the civil registration form. According to the results of this analysis, since 1970 the number of marriages has steadily increased from about 300, 000 in the former of 1970s to about 400, 000 in the latter of 1980s, appproximately coincided with the change in population size at the marriageable age span. The few exceptions that can be seen in the 1970s seem to result from the impact of social upheavals during 1950s; since the birth cohorts affected by the low fertility during the Korean war and the post-war baby-boom generations chracterized by the high fertility entered the marriage market in the 1970s. However, the marriage rate shows a little increase from around 7 in the former of 1970s to around 9 in the latter of 1980s, indicating that the marriage prevalence has been more or less inconsiderably changed during this period. It is also found that the proportion of remarriage to the total marriages has increased to around 10 per cent in 1989, while decreasing that of first marriage. This fact can be attributable to the higher prevalence of divorces and the collapsing of the Confucianism ethic which contributed to expediting the remarriage of widows. Although this proportion is insignificant compared with that of the of more developed countries, it is not difficult to say that the proportion of remarriages will continue to increase in future. The age first at first marriage(AFM) which directly affects the span exposed to the risks pregnancy has increased to the age about 28 for male and about 25 for female in recent years. However, big difference in AFM between urban and rural areas has narrowed, resultant from the increasing involuntary postponement of marriage of rural young population who have met difficulties in seeking their bride or bridegroom in rural areas characterized by the heavy out-migration of young, particularly female, population. The present study shows the reverse relationship between AFM and educational attainment; i.e, the higher the educational attainment the lower the AFM. The conditions which are taken into considerations were the class and the family in the past time but which are, educational attainment, job and personal characteristics. With regard to the age condition, in recent years the male prefers the female younger than himself on the average by 3 years and vice versa, which is reduced form 4-5 years in beginning of 1970s. The age difference bride and bridegroom tends to decrease with the educational attainment increase. This may be attributable to the fact that the persons with the higher educational attainment prefer the love marriage and hence are more likely to choose their counterparts in the about same age. The education condition is characterized by the bridegroom having the higher educational level than bride. It is also significant to note that the proportion of love marriage has increased, whereas that of traditional arranged marriage has decreased. This is true in the urban areas than the rural areas, indicating that rights as well as responsibilities for marriage have been handed over the young population from their parents. In conclusion, the change in the marriage behaviors in Korea are characterized by increasing tendency for the postponement of first marriage, higher prevalences of divorces and a result remarriages, increase of love marriages, narrowing age difference between bride and bridegroom, etc. which are the main results of rapid industrization, increase in educational and economic activity opportunities and change in the ideals of marriages during the past decades. These phenomena prevailing in Korean society would affect not only the family structure that will become less proliferiated but the population size and structure. The most important is that the changes in marriage behaviors of Koreans and their impact on the society with respect to norms, values, morals, of individual and family in the social aspect, change in population size and structure in the demograpic aspects, and economic development in the economic aspects should be integrated into the plannings towards to the future.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2013

본 연구는 초임 보육교사의 적응에 도움을 주기 위한 기초 정보를 제공할 목적으로 수행되었다. 초임 보육교사 5명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰와 교사에 의한 메모일기, 저널, 보육일지등의 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 초임 보육교사의 경험은 어려운 인간관계, 난감한 업무, 잦은 실수의 긴장, 받았거나 받기를 원하는 도움, 경험을 통한 현장 이해와 자기 성찰, 교사로서 보람이 느껴진 순간으로 분류할 수 있었다. 근거이론 접근법으로 조직 적응과정에 대한 이론적 모델을 구성하였다. 초임 보육교사의 적응과정은 부정적인 정서 반응의 현상을 중심으로 인과적 조건, 맥락과 중재적 조건, 부정적 정서를 다루는 전략과 그 결과로 설명할 수 있다. 인과적 조건은 업무 실수와 인간관계의 미숙함이다. 맥락은 학급 유아의 연령, 근무시간과 공간, 업무의 양과 낯섦, 구성원의 성격 특성 그리고 학부모와의 잦은 만남으로 구성된다. 중재적 조건은 초임교사 안내프로그램, 구성원의 도움과 지지, 보상, 교사의 개인성격 특성으로 구성된다. 초임 보육교사는 부정적 정서를 다루기 위해 잊어버리기, 가족이나 친구와 나누기, 긍정적 정서로 전환하도록 노력하기의 세 가지 전략을 사용한다. 전략 사용의 결과는 성장하기, 살아가기, 이직과 전직 고려로 구성된다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-76
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• 2013

사이보그와 노화는 현대 과학기술의 두 가지 중요한 화두라 할 수 있다. 이 논문은 일본의 애니메이션 감독 카미야마 켄지(神山健治)의 SF 작품인 <공각기동대 Stand Alone Complex>를 통해 이 두 가지 화두가 만나는 지점을 분석해 본다. 실로 연령은 젠더와 인종, 계급과 더불어 현대 사회와 정치를 구성하는 매우 중요한 범주이나 과 학기술학자들은 이에 대해 깊게 연구하지 않았다. 특히 다너 해러웨이(Donna Haraway)의 "사이보그 선언문(Cyborg Manifesto)"(1991) 이후 현대 과학기술에 의해 변화하는 젠더의 전망에 대해서는 많은 과학기술학적 연구가 있었으나 연령이 과학기술과 맺는 관련과 그 영향에 대해서는 깊은 연구가 이루어지지 못했다. 만약 해러웨이가 주장한 것처럼 사이보그가 여성에게 지워진 생물학적 담론을 넘어설 수 있는 방법을 보여준다면, 그것은 노인들에게도 자신들의 변화하는 몸의 한계와 연령주의적 담론을 넘어설 수 있는 가능성을 열어줄 수 있을까? 마이크 페더스톤(Mike Featherstone)은 과학기술이 늙어가는 몸과 결합하여 생겨난 사이보그적 상태가 만든 새로운 전망을 긍정적으로 분석하고 있다. 그러나 이 글은 <공각기동대>를 통해 노년기의 사이보그화와 관련된 더 복잡한 문제들을 분석한다. 나는 과학기술과 노인의 만남을 통해 태어난 노쇠한 사이보그가 전통적 가족주의와 민족주의를 넘어설 수 있게 하나 연령주의를 극복하지는 못하며, 세계화된 자본주의와 네트워크 속의 통제된 신체를 통한 새로운 개인주의적 삶의 형태를 창조해 내고 있음을 보일 것이다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

본 연구는 기초연금 수급이 고령자의 주관적 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는지 살펴봄으로써 대표적인 노후소득보장제도인 기초연금제도의 효과성을 탐색하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구방법은 독립변수의 관측되지 않는 이질성(unobserved heterogeneity)을 통제하기 위해 패널 자료를 이용한 고정효과 모형을 사용하였으며, 분석 자료로는 2008년부터 2016년까지의 고령화연구패널자료(KLoSA)를 활용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기초연금 비수급자의 삶의 질이 수급자보다 크게 높은 수준이었다. 둘째, 인구사회학적 변인들을 통제하였을 때 기초연금 수급자가 비수급자에 비해 주관적 삶의 질을 높게 인식하고 있었다. 셋째, 기초연금 수급자의 주관적 삶의 질은 경제적 만족도, 배우자 유무, 자녀의 경제적 지원, 주관적 건강상태, 일상생활활동의 제한, 성별이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 성별, 소득계층별 분석 결과 기초연금이 주관적 삶의 질에 미치는 영향은 성별로는 차이가 없었고, 소득 상위 분위에서만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 연구결과에 근거하여 다음과 같이 제언하였다. 우선, 기초연금제도 비수급자의 경우 경제적 상태 뿐 아니라 건강을 포함한 전반적인 삶의 질이 열악한 것으로 나타나, 기초연금 수급자로 대표되는 저소득 취약계층 노인들에 대한 다양한 측면의 사회적 지원이 필요하다. 두 번째로 기초연금은 낮은 급여수준에도 불구하고 고령자의 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 빈곤문제 해소와 궁극적으로 노후의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 기초연금제도 확대가 필요하다. 마지막으로 핵심 정책대상인 저소득계층에게 실질적인 효과가 미칠 수 있도록 기초연금제도의 급여수준 인상이 필요함을 제언하였다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.159-184
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• 2006

Lately, the rapid social and family system change, the entrance examination-centered circumstance in education have a negative influence not only on making up the affirmative self-esteem but also on building up the personal relationship through mutual communication with friends of the same age. Making children adapt well to school life and develop a good relationship in the class is an important subject in educational field. Thus, various school activities should offer lots of opportunities to increase their affirmative self-esteem and more specified performance-centered programs are required toform a harmonious relationship among parties of students. The purpose of this study is to improve an affirmative self-esteern and a desirable personal relationship of children through developing friend-praise program and adapting it to children. Based on the above purpose, the following subjects for this study 'are suggested. Firstly, is the friend-praise program effective in forming an affirmative self-esteem of elementary students? Secondly, is the friend-praise program successful in improving a desirable personal relationship in an elementary school? In addition, two hypotheses of study are decided on the basis of theoretical background and the former study. Hypothesis 1. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem. Hypothesis 2. The friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship. In order to improve the above hypotheses, the experiment was carried out with two classes on the fourth grade in M elementary school in Wonju with being divided into one experimental group and the other comparative group. The friend-praise program which was adapted to the experimental group was composed with four steps as 'introduction', 'preparation', 'operation' and 'closing'. This program which has twelve categories was executed once or twice in a week and each class was continued for forty or sixty minutes. Contrastively, comparative group had no application of the main program. For the purpose of proving the hypotheses after adapting the program to students, I have executed both self-esteem test and personal relationship test. The tests were performed with using SPSS/Windows V10.0 and the statistic was conducted through independant sample t-test for the difference between groups and contrastive sample t-test for the individual difference in each group. The results of this study can be summarized like the followings: Firstly, from the result of previous and after tests, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of self-esteem(t=-4.496, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=-3.216, p=.003), social self-esteem(t=-2.680, p=.012), homely self-esteem(t=-3.732, p=.001), and school self-esteem(t=-3.902, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. At the same time, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in self-esteem(t=-4.758, p=.000). Especially, the general self-esteem(t=2.581, p=.017), social self-esteem(t=3.160, p=.003), homely self-esteem(t=4.283, p=.000), and school self-esteem(t=4.110, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. As a result of this experiment, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving an affirmative self-esteem was proved. Secondly, there was no meaningful change in the comparative group, but the experimental group showed meaningful difference in all categories of personal relationship(t=-4.131, p=.000). Specifically, satisfaction(t=-2.113, p=.045), communication(t=-3.381, p=.002), confidence(t=-3.517, p=.001), intimacy(t=-3.958, p=.000), sensibility(t=-2.955, p=.006), openness(t=-4.318, p=.000) and interest(t=-2.941, p=.000) showed a meaningful difference. In the same instant, the experimental group also showed meaningful difference with the comparative group in all categories of personal relationship(t=3.897, p=.000). Especially, satisfaction(t=2.257, p=.003), communication(t=3.527, p=.001), confidence(t=3.704, p=.001), intimacy(t=3.904, p=.000), sensibility (t=4.382, p=.000), openness(t=2.648, p=.013) and interest(t=2.944, p=.006) showed a meaningful difference. Accordingly, the friend-praise program will have a meaningful effect on improving a desirable personal relationship was proved. Judging from all these results, we should provide primary students with various opportunities to take part in active programs which help them to set up their righteous sense of value, to solve their own problems and to develop their potentials. Consequently, many kinds of practice-centered program like the friend-praise program should be developed more systematically and teachers should apply all those programs to students according to their individual level and developmental stage.