• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Advanced cancer patients tend to present multiple concurrent symptoms which are often moderate or severe in intensity. To date, the majority of studies have focused on either a single symptom, such as pain, fatigue, or depression or associated symptoms. While this approach has advanced understanding of some symptoms, it has offered clinicians not much guidance for treating several multiple concurrent symptoms in cancer patients. So in recent years, a few symptom management studies attempted a new approach of focusing on symptom clusters instead of individual symptoms. A symptom cluster is defined as two or more concurrent symptoms that are related to each other. If we better understand symptom clusters, interrelations of symptoms, and their common mechanisms in advanced cancer patients, clinicians can more effectively control multiple, concurrent symptoms and reduce drug side effects. And clinicians can also predict any other symptoms, functional performance, and the relationship between symptom clusters and survival in advanced cancer patients. At present, there is inconsistency in symptom clusters due to many unexplained mechanisms and various means to assess and analyze symptoms. Still, with further study, the approach to symptom clusters rather than individual symptoms could more effectively control symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.309-322
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• 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experience of mothers who have had children with cancer. Participants were seven mothers who had children diagnosed with cancer between 3 to 36 months. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Overall, 216 significant statements, 62 formulated statements, 16 themes and five theme clusters were identified. The five theme clusters were 'heartbreaking sadness', 'arduous journey of battling', 'protect my child', 'feeling varying between gratitude and disappointment', and 'suffering and wishing to be with family'. Mothers who have had children with pediatric cancer receiving chemotherapy have experienced strong emotional fluctuations as well as hope as they cope with their ill child. However, they try to become strong women and embrace their family to cope with their situation. The results of this study will support for health professionals to understand mothers who have had children with cancer and to consider the supportive nursing care in considering mothers' emotional fluctuation.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.301-335
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• 2018

This study explored the psychological experiences of surviving family members of homicide victims. Nine family members of homicide victims, who could verbalize their experiences and agree to participate, were interviewed. The time between the interview and the homicide ranged from 6 months to 4 years, and all the homicide offenders were convicted prior to the study. The interview data were analyzed to identify meanings and themes using Colaizzi's method. Results showed that 472 meaningful phrases and sentences were extracted, which were subsequently organized into 48 formulated meanings, 24 clusters of themes, 16 emergent themes, and 6 categories. The six categories were related to the homicide victim, the participant, the family members, other people/the world, the offender/the offender's family, and realistic difficulties. For each category participants' experiences were described in detail. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing college students who attended delivery practices at midwifery clinic. Methods: This was a qualitative study using focus groups. Data were collected by group interviews with a total of 12 students who observed natural childbirth at midwifery clinic. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi's method in which meaningful statements were extracted. Results: The meanings of experiences were identified five theme clusters from thirteen themes and thirty-one sub-themes. The five theme clusters were 'ultimate process of natural childbirth', 'allowed birth', 'role recognition of the midwife', 'positively changed perception', and 'barriers'. Conclusion: This study showed that observation of delivery at midwifery clinic was helpful for nursing students in terms of positive impression about natural childbirth with maternal and baby being centered. Nursing students expressed value and concern about delivery at midwifery clinic. Further in-depth study of natural childbirth in terms of husband and family perspective is required. For quality improvement of maternity nursing care, natural childbirth process needs to be included in nursing care at hospitals as well as students' clinical practicum.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is multicultural adolescents' family reconstruction and maladaptation. Six multicultural adolescents living in Seoul, Gyeonggido, Chungchungdo, Jeolado were selected for the in-depth interview. Data were collected from August to December, 2019. This research is Giorgi's phenomenological method. The results provided 10 themes on the essential structure of experience and 4 theme clusters. The final 10 themes were unintentional choice: immigration, unfamiliar family relationship forming, unacceptable dissatisfaction and anger, absence of belonging and promising, missing homeland, keeping close relationship with old friends, difficulty of learning, following Korea culture, identity crisis and wandering, difficulty in adaptation : addiction to games and misdemeanour. Therefore, it is suggested to announce importance of family meaning and adaptation in Korea society.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.114-129
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to use phenomenological perspectives to identify the meaning and structure of the exercise experiences in patients with low back pain. The participants were 20 patients who live in one city. The patients were asked to describe their exercise experiences. With permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. Colaizzi's method was used for the phenomenological analysis. The investigator analysed the data to identify and categorize themes and basic structural elements. The process of the exercise experiences in patients with low back pain has three proposed phases pre-exercise phase, exercise phase, post-exercise phase. 150 formulating meanings, 54 themes, 20 theme clusters were identified. The interview data were organized by theme clusters into 9 categories : 'difficulties with activities of Daily Living', 'Psychological Distress', 'Support', 'Effectiveness after Exercise', 'Confidence of Healing', 'Importance of Exercise', 'Exorcise Self-Efficacy', 'Control', and 'Barrier'. Since the importance of exercise and exercise self-efficacy were identified as significant factors in this study, it may be important to plan nursing interventions to assist clients to realize the exercise self-efficacy and importance of exercise. Also, continuous support from health professionals, family, and experienced persons are needed. Further strategies for reducing barriers should be devised.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.783-791
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• 2006

The consciousness and eating habits of the housekeeper directly influence the stress level and health quality of the household occupants. In Korea, most housewives are in charge of dietary life. Accordingly, their attitudinal clusters toward dietary (eating) life were researched in relation to their stress and health. The research results showed that irregular eating habits cause stress. Therefore, it is necessary for housewives to have a regular eating habit. The results were as follows. The house wives' attitudes toward dietary life were categorized into 5 clusters: regular and speedy overeating, regular and frequent eating, regular and light eating, irregular and light eating, irregular and speedy overeating. The cluster of regular and frequent snacks was 24.3%. The cluster of irregular and speedy overeating caused the most stress. Especially the house wives' group belonging to the cluster of irregular and speedy overeating were under social and emotional stress, while the cluster of regular and light eating and the cluster of irregular and light eating were under concentration stress. The cluster of regular and frequent snacks and the cluster of irregular and light eating had negative effect on their health, while the cluster of regular and speedy overeating had negative effect on their family's health by their social stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.377-385
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to understand the life experiences of adolescents who were the object of group bullying. Method: Data collection and analysis was done by the Colaizzi method. Data were collected by interviewing the participants and by further follow-up observations. Ten adolescents participated in the study. At that time five of them had already overcome the situation, three were still in a difficult situation and the other two participants were in a temporary absence from school. Results: In the analysis 109 significant statements, 31 themes, 12 clusters of themes and 5 categories emerged. The 5 categories are as follows ; feeling inferiority, not being cared for, loneliness, suffering pain and building a relationship and resignation. The 12 clusters of themes are as follows ; dejection, not being sturdy, mal-function of the family, indifference of the society, loneliness, vexation, suffering, grievance, positive intervention of a support system, exertion, harmonizing and abandonment. Conclusions: The results of this study will help professionals to understand these adolescents. Approaching them from the point of view of the whole man, can also be a practical methode for teaching.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.899-908
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• 2007

Clusters of parental and peer variables associated with adolescent risk behaviors are explored using the mixture model. Questionnaires were completed by 917 high school freshmen in the Daegu Kyungpook area and included measures of risk behaviors, parental attachment, autonomy, parental monitoring, and peers' risk behaviors and desirable behaviors. As a result of the mixture model, five clusters were produced. Two of the subgroups were consistent with the literature of showing linear relationships among adolescent risk behaviors and above variables; a group of higher parental attachment and autonomy as well as parental monitoring, lower friends' risk behaviors, and lower adolescent risk behaviors, and a group of lower parental attachment and autonomy as well as parental monitoring, higher friends' risk behaviors, and higher adolescent risk behaviors. Two other subgroups were similar in parental attachment and autonomy, but differed in parental monitoring, friends' risk behaviors, and adolescent risk behaviors. The last subgroup was characterized by scoring the lowest parental attachment and autonomy, parental monitoring, friends' risk behaviors, and lower adolescent risk behaviors compared to other subgroups. The utility of the mixture model in research on adolescent risk behaviors is discussed in the conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to understand the semantic structure and nature of the disease experience of kidney transplant recipients with kidney graft failure by applying phenomenological research methods. Methods: Data were collected between February and September 2021 through individual in-depth interviews with 12 kidney transplant recipients with kidney graft failure. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the meaning of the participants' illness experiences. Results: 5 theme clusters and 15 themes were derived. The five theme clusters are as follows: (1) First transplant giving me a second life; (2) Body and mind becoming sick again; (3) Waiting for a re-transplant with hope and worry; (4) Life supported by gratefulness; (5) Having control over my own life. Conclusion: This study shows that kidney transplant recipients with kidney graft failure experience physical and psychological difficulties during the long disease period and require help from many people, including family members, friends, colleagues, and health care providers, to overcome their difficulties.