• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.510-516
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• 2020

This study investigated the characteristics and factors affecting inpatient infants, children, and adolescents who experienced falling, using NHDIS data from 2008 through 2017, The study analyzed data of 116 patients who were under 18 and who experienced injuries (KSCD, S00-S99) by falling (KSCD, W00-W19). Frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, and multiple regression analysis were conducted, using SPSS 23. There were more boys than girls, and most of the falls occurred at the ages of over one to under six years old. Most of the children had respiratory diseases, and most had open wounds or bruises due to falling. Also, most of the falls were related to the bed. In the factor analysis, age (β=.318), the main diagnosis (β=.231), and injury (β=.169) except gender affected falling. This suggests that it is necessary to conduct fall prevention education for children, considering the developmental stage characteristics and age group. It is necessary to screen the risk group such as children with a disease with relatively less restriction of activities or with a hyperactive disorder, and to develop a related manual. Hopefully, the results will be used as the basic data for fall prevention education and creating a fall prevention manual according to the characteristics of children's developmental stage for patients who need hospitalization, their caregivers, and the relevant medical team.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.533-539
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze patients hospitalized for injuries who fell using the data from 2020 to 2021 at institution A located in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, using codes for causes of injury. After classifying 20 codes from W00 to W19, which are external cause codes for fall patients, the most frequently occurring W18, W01, W10, and W13 were analyzed. The external cause of injury code W18 was other falls on the same plane, with the highest frequency of S72 and Z47, S72 being a fracture of the femur, and Z47 being orthopedic follow-up treatment. The external injury code W01 was determined to be a fall on the same plane due to slipping, tripping, and tripping, and like W18, S72, a fracture of the femur, and Z47, orthopedic follow-up treatment, were frequently reported. In W10, intracranial injuries such as concussion and epidural hemorrhage due to a fall on the stairs, S06, were common. Lastly, in W13, 91% of cases occurred in people in their 40s to 70s due to falls from buildings or structures, confirming that they occur frequently in middle-aged people, Z47 had the most frequent orthopedic follow-up treatment, and S72 had a fracture of the femur. It was found to be the second most common. In this way, the frequency of falling patients was analyzed, and the age and main diagnosis code at which most falls occurred were analyzed.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.526-532
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• 2023

Falls are fatal accidents that occur more than 420,000 times a year worldwide. Therefore, to study patients with falls, we found the association between extrinsic injury codes and principal diagnosis S-codes of patients with falls, and developed a prediction model to predict extrinsic injury codes based on the data of principal diagnosis S-codes of patients with falls. In this study, we received two years of data from 2020 and 2021 from Institution A, located in Gangneung City, Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province, and extracted only the data from W00 to W19 of the extrinsic injury codes related to falls, and developed a prediction model using W01, W10, W13, and W18 of the extrinsic injury codes of falls, which had enough principal diagnosis S-codes to develop a prediction model. 80% of the data were categorized as training data and 20% as testing data. The model was developed using MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) with 6 variables (gender, age, principal diagnosis S-code, surgery, hospitalization, and alcohol consumption) in the input layer, 2 hidden layers with 64 nodes, and an output layer with 4 nodes for W01, W10, W13, and W18 exogenous damage codes using the softmax activation function. As a result of the training, the first training had an accuracy of 31.2%, but the 30th training had an accuracy of 87.5%, which confirmed the association between the fall extrinsic code and the main diagnosis S code of the fall patient.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.710-716
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• 2017

Objective : Among pediatric injury, brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability. To improve outcomes, many developed countries built neurotrauma databank (NTDB) system but there was not established nationwide coverage NTDB until 2009 and there have been few studies on pediatric traumatic head injury (THI) patients in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed epidemiology and outcome from the big data of pediatric THI. Methods : We collected data on pediatric patients from 23 university hospitals including 9 regional trauma centers from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed their clinical factors (sex, age, initial Glasgow coma scale, cause and mechanism of head injury, presence of surgery). Results : Among all the 2617 THI patients, total number of pediatric patients was 256. The average age of the subjects was 9.07 (standard deviation${\pm}6.3$) years old. The male-to female ratio was 1.87 to 1 and male dominance increases with age. The most common cause for trauma were falls and traffic accidents. Age (p=0.007), surgery (p<0.001), mechanism of trauma (p=0.016), subdural hemorrhage (SDH) (p<0.001), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (p<0.001) were statistically significant associated with severe brain injury. Conclusion : Falls were the most common cause of trauma, and age, surgery, mechanism of trauma, SDH, DAI increased with injury severity. There is a critical need for effective fall and traffic accidents prevention strategies for children, and we should give attention to these predicting factors for more effective care.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

The fatality of rollover accidents in motor vehicle crashes is high despite their low incidence. Through the investigation of a 12-passenger van rollover accident in which 10 passengers were involved, we intend to analyze the correlation between the severity of the injury and the position of the occupants. We collected accident information from medical records, interviews, photo-images of the damaged van, field surveys, and the results of the Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP). Based on the occupants' position, we classified injury sites and estimated injury severity. Passenger injury severity was evaluated by trauma score calculation. The initiation type of the rollover accident was passenger side 'fall-over' and the Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) code for the damaged van was 00TDZO3. The crash of the van involved 10 passengers, with an average age of $16.3{\pm}4.2years$. Few of the occupants had fastened seat belts at the time of the incident, and there was no airbag installed. One patient sustained severe liver injury and another was diagnosed with a fracture of the right humerus. The most common injuries were at the upper extremities and the neck. The average of Injury Severity Score (ISS) was $4.8{\pm}5.9$, and the average ISS of right-seated, mid-seated and left-seated occupants was $7.5{\pm}9.3$, $1.5{\pm}0.7$, and $3.3{\pm}2.1$ respectively (p>0.05). In the rollover (to-passenger side) accident of occupant unfastened, the average ISS of right-seated occupants (near side) was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2009

There are some patients who have traumatic anterior shoulder instability due to minor injuries like overhead activities. The purpose of this study was to clarify characteristic features of traumatic anterior shoulder instability due to minor injuries. According to the mechanism of injury in an initial dislocation, 83 shoulders that underwent the stabilizing surgery for traumatic anterior shoulder instability were divided into two groups. Traumatic group included patients who suffered from a fall or a direct injury. Minor injury group included patients who suffered from the other injury like overhead activity. General joint laxity, range of motion and laxity under anesthesia, and intraarticular findings were compared between two groups. The morphology of superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments, Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, and partial articular surface tendon avulsion lesion were observed in arthroscopy. Minor injury group consisted of 19 shoulders with 8 males, 11 females and the mean age of 22.5 years. Traumatic group consisted of 64 shoulders with 52 males, 7 females and the mean age of 24.3 years. Female in minor injury group was significantly more than that in traumatic group. There was no difference in general joint laxity and intraarticular findings between two groups. Range of external rotation in injured side in minor injury group was significantly more than that in traumatic group. Inferior laxity in both sides in minor injury group was more than that in traumatic group. In conclusion, the traumatic anterior shoulder instability due to minor injuries might incline to occur the shoulder in female and with inferior laxity of shoulder.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate characteristics of fall, requirements toward the impact protective clothing, design preferences, etc. to develop the fall impact protective clothing for the silver-aged women. Among the 242 women respondents aging 50s to 70s, 43% experienced the fall in recent 2 years. It is found that the fall mostly occurred in winter season and happened during the regular activities such as walking outside, going up and down stairs. Most of the respondents have no experience buying the impact protective clothing, but they expressed the fall impact protective clothing would help reducing the injury from falls. Moreover, the intention to purchase the impact protective clothing is increasing with an increasing target age. However, the respondents concerned with increasing volume and weight of clothing by the protecting pad inserted into the clothing. The respondents also claimed that the impact protecting clothing should not interfere with their regular physical activities. The survey showed that respondents preferred to embed the impact protective function in pants as a form of the protective clothing. For the design preferences on the pants, casual style and straight silhouette was preferred and stretch fabric was selected. The respondents preferred underwear made of cotton spandex blend with relaxed fit.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.155-162
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• 2019

The construction industry is the highest safety accident causing industry as 28.55% portion of all industries' accidents in Korea. In particular, falling is the highest accidents type composed of 60.16% among the construction field accidents. Therefore, we analyzed the factors of major disaster affecting the fall accident and then derived feature importances by considering various variables. We used data collected from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA) for learning and predicting in the proposed model. We have an effort to predict the degree of occupational fall accidents by using the machine learning model, i.e., Adaboost, short for Adaptive Boosting. Adaboost is a machine learning meta-algorithm which can be used in conjunction with many other types of learning algorithms to improve performance. Decision trees were combined with AdaBoost in this model to predict and classify the degree of occupational fall accidents. HyOperpt was also used to optimize hyperparameters and to combine k-fold cross validation by hierarchy. We extracted and analyzed feature importances and affecting fall disaster by permutation technique. In this study, we verified the degree of fall accidents with predictive accuracy. The machine learning model was also confirmed to be applicable to the safety accident analysis in construction site. In the future, if the safety accident data is accumulated automatically in the network system using IoT(Internet of things) technology in real time in the construction site, it will be possible to analyze the factors and types of accidents according to the site conditions from the real time data.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.185-191
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• 1976

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 2,4-D amine salt (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) 40EC in broadleaf weeds control under diverse conditions of rate and time of application and soil type in fall barley field. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) At the rate of 70cc prod./10a, 2,4-D amine salt treated during the fully tillered stage of barley was effective for the control of most broadleaf weeds without crop injury. 2) The fully tillered stage was a optimun time lot the application of 2,4-D amine salt in fall barley. Earlier(zero-to four-leaf stage) or late. (boot stage to flowering) application than this stage caused a crop injury and resulted in yield reduction. 3) It was possible to safely use 2,4-D amine salt in fall barley regardless of soil types if applied the rate of 70cc prod./10a at the fully tillered stage.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to falls by separating male and female. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the fall patients aged 65 years or older from the data of the in-depth surveillance study of injured patients visit to the ED under the supervision of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) from 2011 to 2016 by separating male and female. Results: A total of 361,588 elderly fall patients were analyzed and, among them, 14,429 (37.3%) were males and 24,208 (62.7%) were females. Male and female showed similar frequency of damage happening season. However, they showed falling accident mostly on winter. The time of injury occurrence is mostly from 12:00 to 18:00 with 4,949 (34.3%) male and 8,564 (35.4%) female. Most falls occurred in daily activities, accounting for 7,614 (52.8%) in males and 14,957 (61.8%) in females, respectively. Unintentional damage accounted for the most part and 7,395 (51.2%) of male and 15,343 (63.4%) of female were injured indoors. Head and neck were the most common site of injuring, with 8,392 (58.2%) in males and 7,851 (32.4%) in females. According to ED examination outcomes, most of the patients were discharged, while the majority of the hospitalized patients were admitted to the general patient room. Conclusions: The elderly falls occurred mostly from 12:00 to 18:00, during winter and to elderly women. Also, they happened unintentionally indoors in everyday life, mostly. Proved clinical, epidemiological characteristics from this research will be used as useful indicator at validity research of development of prevent program of falling accident for elderly people.