• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.604-613
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• 2018

In recent years, numerous train derailment accidents caused by deterioration and high speed technology of railways have increased. Guardrails or barriers of railway bridges are installed to restrain and prevent the derailment of the train body level. On the other hand, it can result in a high casualties and secondary damage. Therefore, a Derailment Containment Provision (DCP) within the track at the wheel/bogie level was developed. DCP is designed for rapid installation because it reduces the impact load on the barrier and inertia force on the steep curve to minimize turnover, fall, and trespass on the other side track of the bridge. In this paper, DCP was analyzed using LS-Dyna with a parameter study as the impact loading location and interface contact condition. The contact conditions were analyzed using the Tiebreak contact simulating breakage of material properties and Perfect bond contact assuming fully attached. As a result, the Tiebreak contact behaved similarly with the actual behavior. In addition, the maximum displacement and flexural failure was generated on the interface and DCP center, respectively. The impact analysis was carried out in advance to confirm the DCP design due to the difficulties of performing the actual impact test, and it could change the DCP anchor design as the analysis results.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.44-57
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• 2019

Various studies have been conducted to solve traffic congestions in many metropolitan cities through accurate traffic flow prediction. Most studies are based on the assumption that past traffic patterns repeat in the future. Models based on such an assumption fall short in case irregular traffic patterns abruptly occur. Instead, the approaches such as predicting traffic pattern through big data analytics and artificial intelligence have emerged. Specifically, deep learning algorithms such as RNN have been prevalent for tackling the problems of predicting temporal traffic flow as a time series. However, these algorithms do not perform well in terms of long-term prediction. In this paper, we take into account various external factors that may affect the traffic flows. We model the correlation between the multi-dimensional context information with temporal traffic speed pattern using deep neural networks. Our model trained with the traffic data from TOPIS system by Seoul, Korea can predict traffic speed on a specific date with the accuracy reaching nearly 90%. We expect that the accuracy can be improved further by taking into account additional factors such as accidents and constructions for the prediction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate perceptions of safety and risk among Korean industrial hygienists and the change between before and after the Sewol Ferry Disaster in 2014. Two surveys with questionnaires composed of 51 questions were completed by attendees of the Korea Industrial Hygiene Association(KIHA) conference. Methods: One was conducted at the 2013 KIHA Fall Conference(N=181) and the other was from the 2014 KIHA Summer Conference(N=123). Between these two surveys was the Sewol Ferry Disaster on April 14, 2014, which was believed to seriously affect safety and risk perceptions in Korea. Results: It was revealed that industrial hygienists' awareness of safety rules strengthened after the Sewol Ferry Disaster(p<0.05). It was apparent that people over the age of 30 were more sensitive to social safety. There was no significant difference in the evaluation and attitude regarding governmental safety policy between the years of 2013 and 2014. The credibility of public organizations responsible for the disaster management system decreased. The self-evaluation of respondents' safety level also decreased. This trend shows mainly in the younger generation. It was evaluated that the overall social safety level decreased and the anxiety level increased. The score on social safety on a ±5 Likert scale was 0.68 in the 2013 survey and -0.33 in the 2014 survey(p<0.05). It was reported that the most serious threat factors for accident or disaster were 'building collapse > illegalities and corruption > side effects of radiation therapy >accidents in normal activity > occupational disease,' in order. They picked 'safety ignorance > hurry-up habits and culture > focusing on short-term benefit > easy-going attitude > insufficient safety education' for the causes of low social safety levels in 2013. In 2014, they were 'safety ignorance > easy-going attitude > focusing on short-term benefit > insufficient safety education > hurry-up habits and culture'. Conclusions: This study has some limitations because it was originally not designed to survey attitudes prior to the Sewol Ferry disaster in 2013. In addition, the survey targets are industrial hygienists who are familiar with occupational disease and injury.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a vector-based augmentation technique that can generate data required for crack detection and a ConvNet(Convolutional Neural Network) technique that can learn it. Detecting cracks quickly and accurately is an important technology to prevent building collapse and fall accidents in advance. In order to solve this problem with artificial intelligence, it is essential to obtain a large amount of data, but it is difficult to obtain a large amount of crack data because the situation for obtaining an actual crack image is mostly dangerous. This problem of database construction can be alleviated with elastic distortion, which increases the amount of data by applying deformation to a specific artificial part. In this paper, the improved crack pattern results are modeled using ConvNet. Rather than elastic distortion, our method can obtain results similar to the actual crack pattern. By designing the crack data augmentation based on a vector, rather than the pixel unit used in general data augmentation, excellent results can be obtained in terms of the amount of crack change. As a result, in this paper, even though a small number of crack data were used as input, a crack database can be efficiently constructed by generating various crack directions and patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.76-88
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• 2024

A significant cause of fall or overturning accidents in the construction industry, including landscaping construction and management, is work at heights using portable ladders. Portable ladders are classified as A-type or triangular support ladders depending on the number of supporting leg and support conditions. The tripod mobile ladder, which supports itself with only three supporting legs, is unstable and more prone to overturning compared to the A type ladders. Therefore, using the specifications of the tripod mobile ladder and the stability regulations of EN131-Part 7, overturning and resistance moment calculation formulas were derived for all directions in which overturning could occur. The moments calculated using these equations, and the overturning stability in each direction were evaluated. According to the calculation results, although there are differences depending on the direction, most are unstable for overturning at 8 or more steps. Based on these results, this study proposed measures to increase the moment of resistance by changing the weight, depth, and width, and using outriggers to ensure stability against the overturning of ladder. However, when changing the specifications of these measures, the size increases are excessive and the applicability is insufficient. On the other hand, outriggers are an applicable measure as they can ensure stability against overturning with only a minimum expansion length.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-152
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• 2020

During the main ruling in 2019, a number of rulings that were of interest or meaningful were handed down, such as just because the complication of medical practice has occurred, there is no presumption of negligence, a case involving a fall accident in which a lot of culpability has recently been made. the death of a well-known singer that caused a sensation, a case about damages caused by MERS in 2015, which is more meaningful in connection with damages caused by COVID-19, an infectious disease that has recently hit the world, including Korea. In preaching the principles of the law, just because there has been a complication caused by medical practice, there is no presumption of negligence, 'The scope of the complication without presumption of negligence' was determined differently by the court, the court was not able to specify the criteria. Specific circumstances were presented to limit the responsibility of the medical institution while acknowledging the malpractice of the medical institution in relation to the fall accident. In relation to the scope of damages, judgment was made on issues related to the calculation of lost profits of medical malpractice; criteria for determining celebrities' daily income, criteria for determining daily income in case of receiving survivor's pension due to medical accident, an incident in which the daily income is denied if the labor capacity is already lost at the time of a medical accident. But, it seems that judgments should be made based on clearer and more reasonable standards. Related to Medical Advertise, specific logic of judgment was presented as to whether it was interpreted as being in accordance with the specific prohibition listed in Article 27 paragraph 3 of the Medical Law, which is the criterion for violation of the Medical Law, or if it constitutes a significant harm to the order of the medical market. In response to the prohibition of operating the multiple medical institutions, the Constitutional Court decided that it was constitutional because it did not violate the regulations on excessive funding, and rationally limited the scope of the prohibited 'redundant operation'. The Supreme Court ruled for the first time that even a medical institution established and operated in violation of the Medical Service Act did not make it impossible to receive all medical care benefits implemented by a medical institution under the National Health Insurance Act. Significant rulings were finalized that recognized the existence of specific protection obligations for the people of the country in the management of infectious diseases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.290-298
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• 2004

In children, change in lifestyles such as an increase in participation of physical activities has increased the chance of receiving an injury, harming the child and their parents. This study was carried out to give basic information of traumatic injuries to the upper anterior teeth which can be used in prevention of future complications that may arise. From June, 2002 to May, 2003, of the 8,799 children in their primary and mixed dentition visiting Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University 955 upper anterior teeth(primary 543, permanent 412) of 487 children(male 316, female 171) with traumatic injures to the upper incisors were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Trauma to the primary teeth prevailed at the age of 1-3 and to the permanent teeth at the age of 7. The male to female ratio was 1.85:1. 2. Trauma to the upper incisors for both the primary and permanent teeth occurred in the afternoon. Primary teeth were injured most frequently in the home(44.1%) and the permanent teeth outdoors, in the street(17.5%). 3. Both the primary and permanent teeth were most injured by fall-down injuries(39.8%, 12.9%), and next were collisions(22.2%, 6.0%). For the primary teeth, high fall, traffic accident, violence and sports are next in order, and for the permanent teeth, violence, sorts, traffic accidents were next. 4. Average number of 1.6 primary teeth and 2.8 permanent teeth were injured with the right central incisor most prevailing. 5. Crown fracture without pulpal exposure and subluxation injures were highest in frequency in both the primary and permanent teeth.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.78-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure pain. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu Kyung Pook University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 179 cases, 51.6 % were male and 48.4 % were female. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 31.8 % and 20~29, 27.4 %. Among the 179 cases, 51.6% were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, 41.1% and 4 to 5, 25.6%. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, 46.4% among the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40~69만원, 45.2%. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was 52.0%. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was 44.7%, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, 60.3% were injured and in work places of 100~299 people, 20.1% were injured. In manufacturing, the lagest group injured was 55.3%, the next group was transport, stroage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was 40.2%. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, 33.5%. The next group was unsafe habits, 30.2% a lack of safety knowledge, 17.9% and insufficient supervision, 12.3%. The 30~39 year age group was head the highest number of injuries, 40.4% work places with more than 10 yeras of work, 44.4% work palces with more than 1000 people, 56.3% and mining accidents, 80.0%. Among these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries 28.5% as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects 17.3%, fire & electric 15.1%, struke by an object 14.5%, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed 46.4 % among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5~10 year group, 50.0 % places employing more than 1000 workers, 35.3 % : construction 73.7%, and construction workers 57.1%, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures 54.8%, trauma 14.5%, amputation 11.7%, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30~39 year age group, 63.2 % over 10 years of work, 55.6% in work places of 300~400 people, 63.6% construction 63.2% and general workers 57.2 %. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity 45.3%, lower extremity 24.0%, trunk 18.5 % and head or neck 12.2%. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less 20 years old 75.0%, less than 1 years of work 59.5%, in work places of 500~999 people 60.0%, manufacturing 56.6 % and production workers 55.6%. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 August, 22 people July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work(r=.2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation(r =.4372) p<0.001.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1981

The present study was conducted to investigate the status of industrial injuries through a prospective study for a year from August 1980 to July 1981. The subjects were 15 textile industries which were selected by random sampling in Daegu. The results obtained are as follows: Anual over-all incidence rate of industrial injuries was 3.3 percent and the rate showed 6.7 percent in male and 2 percent in female. The rate showed decreasing tendency with larger scale of industries. By the age group, $15{\sim}19$ age group was the highest as 49.3 percent. Age specific incidence rate of industrial injuries revealed highest as 4.7 precent among the group the group of 30 years old and over. By the years of service, 57.1 percent of the total cases belonged to the the group less than 1 year and the rate revealed increasing tendency with shorter period of service. The highest frequency of industrial injuries was observed at the point of 3 hours after the beginning of the work in a day as 18.1 percent. Frequency of industrial injuries showed highest as 20.3 percent on Monday. Frequency of industrial injuries was highest as 27.7 percent in winter time and showed 14 percent and 11.8 percent in January and August, respectively. By the cause of injuries, machinery accidents showed the highest as 39.2 percent and followed by the accidents due to striking against object as 17.8 percent, fall of ground as 16.3 percent and hand tool as 7.2 percent. Frequency of injured parts of body was highest as 43.9 percent in fingers. The frequency was much higher in upper extremities (66.9%) than in lower extremities (17.6%). By the kind of injuries, laceration wound was highestas 35.7 percent and the next was superficial injury and contusion as 35.1 percent. By the duration of treatment, most of the cases was belonged to the group less than 1 month as 79.1 percent and the duration showed prolonging tendency with larger scale of industries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.151-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure plan. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals : two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu : Kyung pooh University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as fellows : 1. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were male and $48.4\%$ were female. The two largest age groups were 30-39, $31.8\%$ and 20-29, $27.4\%$. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, $41.1\%$ and 4 to 5, $25.6\%$. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, $46.4\%$ among ,the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40-69 만원, $45.2\%$. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was $52.0\%$. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was $44.7\%$, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, $60.3\%$ were injured and in work places of 100-299 people, $20.1\%$ were injured. In manufacturing, the largest group injured was $55.3\%$, the next group was transport, storage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was $40.2\%$. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, $33.5\%$. The next group was unsafe habits, $30.2\%$ ; a lack of safety knowledge, $17.9\%$ ; and insufficient supervision, $12.3\%$. The 30-39 year age group head the highest number of injuries, $40.4\%$ ; work places with more than 10 years of work, $44.4\%$ ; work places with more than 1000 people, $56.3\%$ and mining accidents, $80.0\%$. Among. these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries $28.5\%$ as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects $17.3\%$, fire & electric $15.1\%$, strucke by an object $14.5\%$, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed $46.4\%$ among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5-10 year group, $50.0\%$ ; places employing more than 1000 workers, $35.3\%$ ; construction $73.7\%$, and construction workers $57.1\%$, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures $54.8\%$, trauma $14.5\%$, amputation $11.7\%$, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30-39 year age group, $63.2\%$ : over 10 years of work, $55.0\%$ ; in work places of 300-490 people, $63.6\%$ ; construction $63.2\%$ and general workers $57.2\%$. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity $45.3\%$, lower extremity $24.0\%$, trunk $18.5\%$ and head or neck $12.2\%$. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less than 20 years old $75.0\%$, less than 1 year or work $59.5\%$, in work places of 500-999 people $60.0\%$, manufacturing $56.6\%$ and production workers $55.6\%$. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 ; August, 22 people : July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people ; followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people ; followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work (r=2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation (r=4372) p<0.001.