• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1975

염산 제조과정에서 생성될 가능성이 있는 협잡물이나 침산과정에서 혼합될 수 있는 혼합물이 침산방법에 의한 가잠의 인공부화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 조사한 결과 철, 수은, 연, 비색 등은 부화에 별다른 영향이 없었으나 아황산(SO$_3$)과 유리염소(Cl)는 대단히 유해한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 침산시 염산을 5$0^{\circ}C$로 가열하여 각종 유해 개스를 제거할 후 사용하는 것이 좋으며 보다 안전한 인공부과를 기하기 위해서는 여러가지 염산표준액을 만들어 예비침산을 행한 후 본침산을 하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2008

Purpose: Because of traffic accidents and many criminal violences, the incidence of facial trauma has been increasing not only in adults but also in children. We planed this study to introduce our experience about pediatric blow out fracture and provide more information. Methods: We made retrospective study in 76 children with blow out fracture from January 2001 to September 2005 by retrospective chart review including detailed preoperative and postoperative evaluations, age, sex, cause, symptom and sign, and their post-operative complications. Results: Among our patients, 69 were male and 7 were female. The ages ranged from 7 to 18 years, which shows the greatest incidence of blow out fracture. Physical violence(46%) was the most common cause in this group and was followed by vehicle accident(28%), and fall down accident(17%). Left side(64%) showed slightly more incidence than right side(36%), but there were no statistical importance. Ecchymosis(88%) was the most common symptom and followed by periorbital swelling(68%) and diplopia(30%). 30 patients was diagnosed with another facial bone fracture and nasal bone(51%) was the most common associated facial bone fracture. Fourty four Patients(60%) got an orbital wall reconstruction in 7 days after trauma. After the operation, only 3 patients(4%) suffered from diplopia postoperative 3 month, and resolved in 4 years. Conclusion: The incidence of blow out fracture in children has been increasing every year, and violence has become more important etiology of pediatric blow out fracture and public and private education institutions were the most common place that blow out fracture originated. Accurate diagnosis and careful treatment plans are important in pediatric blow out fracture.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to announce the present condition, walking training, and adaptable training of a limb amputated patient. The study is a successful report of the limb amputated patient through the medical treatment of the physical therapy. A cause of the limb amputated patient, a truck driver, was that the patient was hit by a train when the driver alight from the truck. Then, the driver was surgical operated on left AK (Above Knee) amputation and left AE (Above Elbow) amputation by orthopedics at the Young Dong Severance Hospital on Dec.7, 1996. Two weeks after the operation (Dec., 22, 1996), the patient was trained at the Yonsei Medical Center Physical Therapy Hospital for the walking and temper adjust training. It was possible to do a flat surface walking and a slope surface walking without helping due to the patients optimistic personal character and motivation. However, the patient struggled to a dull surface walking and his weak endurance. the patient has several problems when the patient wears artificial legs and hands, fears on fall down, and mentally worries on noise when he walks. It is necessary to approach for this problems by many fields of the helpers, such as Rehabilitation medical doctor, physical therapist, occupational therpist, artificial limbs makers, psychologists, and etc. Therefore, in order for recovering from the amputated parts function after the surgical operation, more approved reports have to be for the amputated patients due to increasing traffic accidents, industrial disaster, cancer, diabetes, obstacles of the peripheral nervous system, and etc.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2001

To investigate epidermiologic trend in maxillofacial fractures. We retrospectively studied 934 patients with maxillofacial fractures between $1981{\sim}1987$ and $1995{\sim}1999$. The results were compared in the previous group (Group A, patients treated between $1981{\sim}1987$) with those in the recent group (Group B, $1995{\sim}1999$). Also, we studied 516 patient between $1995{\sim}1999$ for occupation, associated injuries, treatment and complications. The sex ratio of men to women decreased (5.6 : 1 in Group A vs. 3.5 : 1 in Group B), and the largest age group was 20 to 29 years. There was the highest incidence in September and Fall. The most frequent cause of maxillofacial fracture in both Group A and B was traffic accidents. The distribution of fracture site did not change appreciably, but the frequency of midfacial fracture increased. In the recent group, the largest occupational group was salaried men, and the largest associated injuries of maxillofacial fracture was head and neck injury. Open reduction was used in 91% of the cases, and post-operation complications were infection, neurologic problem, malocclusion, and mouth opening limitation etc. Our results suggest that the clinical features of patients with maxillofacial fractures have changed during the past decade.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.419-427
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• 1994

Because of the prominence of the nose and its central location, it is the most frequently encountered fractures in the face. Yet reports about the nasal bone fractures are virtually rare in the oral and maxillofacial surgical literatures. This is a retrospective study on 19 nasal bone fractures treated in Chosun university hospital Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery from Jan. 1991 to Sep. 1993, under admission to our Dept. and the obtained results were as follows. 1. Of the 240 patients with facial bone fractures, 28 patients suffered nasal fractures(12%) and male to female ratio was 5.3:1. 2. The most frequent cause was traffic accidents(39%)m, the next fall down(36%), first blow(4%). 3. The age frequency was the highest in the fifth decade (32%). 4. Clinical classification of nasal fractures was simple fractures(74%), combined fractures(26%), and single fractures(37%), combined fractures(63%). 5. The most frequently combined site was maxilla(50%). 6. Treatments of nasal fractures were closed reduction(63%), open reduction(5%), and secondary rhinoplasty(32%). 7. The initial treatment time from accident was 1.7 days in single fractures, and 3.5 days in combined fractures, and the period of splint retained was about 8.2 days in single fracture, about 8.7 in combined fracture. 8. It was necessary to treat secondarily in delayed treatment, and all treatment methods showed relatively good prognosis. 9. Closed reduction was treated under local anesthesia, but open reduction & secondary rhinoplasty was treated under general anesthesia except 1 case. 10. The complications were disturbance of swellings 5 cases, ethetic problem 5 cases, epiphora 3 cases, abnormal sensation 6 cases in relation with other fractures.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 1999

The neck of the talus is its most vulnerable and fragile segment, because of narrow diameter, devoid of hyaline padding and honeycombed internally by vascular channels etc. Talar neck fractures comprise 50% of all major to the talus. The majority occurs as a result of high-energy injuries, such as motor vehicle accidents or fall from a height. Anatomically, talar surface is covered mainly with articular cartilage and blood supply to the talus is very poor. So, complications, such as non-union, avascular necrosis and post traumatic arthritis, are frequent. The authors reviewed fourteen cases of talar neck fractures treated in our clinics from Jan. 1992 to Mar. 1997, and average follow-up period was over 15 months. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Patients' average age was 31.2 years. 2. The most common cause was traffic accident(9/14, 64%), and hyperdorsiflexion injury of the ankle was common mechanism of the fractures. 3. According to the modified Hawkins classification, type I was four cases, type II was nine cases, type III was one case and type IV was no case. 4. Hawkins sign of subcortical radiolucency was found in 64% (9/14) of the fractures. 5. Avascular necrosis was occurred in 21% (3/14) of the fractures(in two cases of type II fractures, and in one of type III). 6. According to the Hawkins criteria, four cases in type I, five in type II were an excellent result. Two cases, one in type II and one in type III were good result, and two in type II were fair. One in type II was poor result.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.343-359
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• 2016

Objective:In this study, we designed working clothes for livestock farmers to wear in spring and autumn to improve their work efficiency, conducted a physiological test on their performance, and evaluated their comfort. Background: In recent years, livestock farming in Korea has expanded, yet farmers' safety and sanitation levels remain low in hazardous environments that include organic dust, toxic gas, and heat stress, as well as the risk of accidents. Furthermore, most livestock farmers wear ordinary or dust-resistant clothes that are unsuitable for rearing livestock and compromise their safety and health. Thus, it is important to design specialized working clothes for livestock farmers that are comfortable and that minimize their health and safety risks. Method: To this end, we examined the literature on livestock (poultry, swine, and cattle) farmers' safety and sanitation issues, designed appropriate working clothes, and tested them in terms of sensory feel, physiological response, and subjective comfort. Results: The respondents expressed satisfaction with the new working clothes. The results of a physiological test showed a decline in temperature and humidity inside the clothes, a lower pulse rate, and a lower oxygen intake compared to the measurements taken when famers wore their previous working clothes. This indicates a fall in heat stress and fatigue, which was mostly consistent with the results of the assessment of subjective comfort. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show an improvement in the comfort of the new working clothes compared to the dust-resistant clothes that are widely worn. Based on this study, the new working clothes need to be further tested and evaluated to improve the design. Application: This study is expected to contribute to designing better working clothes for livestock farmers.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

The fatality of rollover accidents in motor vehicle crashes is high despite their low incidence. Through the investigation of a 12-passenger van rollover accident in which 10 passengers were involved, we intend to analyze the correlation between the severity of the injury and the position of the occupants. We collected accident information from medical records, interviews, photo-images of the damaged van, field surveys, and the results of the Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP). Based on the occupants' position, we classified injury sites and estimated injury severity. Passenger injury severity was evaluated by trauma score calculation. The initiation type of the rollover accident was passenger side 'fall-over' and the Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) code for the damaged van was 00TDZO3. The crash of the van involved 10 passengers, with an average age of $16.3{\pm}4.2years$. Few of the occupants had fastened seat belts at the time of the incident, and there was no airbag installed. One patient sustained severe liver injury and another was diagnosed with a fracture of the right humerus. The most common injuries were at the upper extremities and the neck. The average of Injury Severity Score (ISS) was $4.8{\pm}5.9$, and the average ISS of right-seated, mid-seated and left-seated occupants was $7.5{\pm}9.3$, $1.5{\pm}0.7$, and $3.3{\pm}2.1$ respectively (p>0.05). In the rollover (to-passenger side) accident of occupant unfastened, the average ISS of right-seated occupants (near side) was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2012

자동차 충돌해석은 다양한 형태로 구성되어 충돌중 차량에 대한 속도변화는 차량간의 충돌정도 또는 승객의 안전도를 평가하는 데 중요한 요소로 활용된다. 이로 인해 충돌해석 프로그램을 활용한 속도변화에 따른 결과치를 해석하는 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 PC-Crash 프로그램을 이용하여 노면의 마찰계수에 따라 차량속도에 따른 제동거리를 실제값과 해석값을 비교하여 마찰계수가 작을 때 오차가 큼을 알 수 있었고, 서로 다른 주 차량(MATIZ, SONATA 및 버스 적용)이 교차로에서 충돌하는 속도의 오차범위는 차량무게의 차이에 따라 최대오차는 1.2%, 1.8%, 3.1%으로 나타났다. 또한 인천대교 버스추락 사고를 재현하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 한 결과로 다소 오차는 있었으나 사고 재구성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2017

발전소에서 전기를 생산 및 공급하기 위하여 고전압 전력 시스템이 동작하고 있다. 고전압 시스템은 저전압 시스템과 비교하여 구조가 복잡하고, 규모가 크고, 가격이 비쌀 뿐만 아니라. 사고 발생시 저압 시스템을 포함하는 대부분의 설비들에 정전사고가 발생하여 막대한 경제적 손실을 초래한다. 설계부터 시공 및 관리를 더욱 철저히 해야 한다. 설치환경 및 사용 조건 부하량 등에 따라 차이가 있겠지만, 증설과정, 부적절한 설계 등으로 인하여 케이블의 단면적이 부족할 경우가 발생하며, 운전 전류에 의하여 초과된 허용온도는 케이블의 열화 상태를 초래한다. 우리는 케이블의 사고를 체계적으로 감시 및 예방하기 위한 측정 장비를 개발, 한국서부발전 주식회사(Korean Western Power Co. Ltd.)에 설치하여 활선 케이블을 진단하였다. 이 논문에서 우리는 케이블의 부하전류를 측정하고, 측정된 부하전류에 의한 온도 특성을 예측 연구한 결과를 제시한다. 이 온도 값을 해석하여 케이블의 열화에 미치는 영향을 예측할 수 있다.