• Title/Summary/Keyword: fall/winter

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A Study on the Development of Design Prototype for Physical Education(PE) Uniforms of Elementary School (초등학생 학교체육복 디자인 프로토타입 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Myengok;Kim, Eunjung;Lee, Jinsuk
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.677-684
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    • 2016
  • This study was done for the proposal for improvement for junior sportswear which is substitutable as uniforms in the form of elementary school and physical education uniforms by analyzing detailed features through investigation. Accordingly, we developed a prototype design for physical education uniforms as a symbol of the school to enhance the aesthetic and functional satisfaction. The results are as follows. When we developed physical education uniforms, we put activity on our first priority while taking the improvement in both aesthetic and functional aspects into consideration. In addition, we tried to make sure the uniforms reflect the refined and trendy elements to meet students needs to satisfy their aesthetic sense in dress. Reflecting the improvement proposals and preferences of the students, six different prototype designs were developed and evaluated on the basis of two concepts of "new basic" and "trendy". The highest ranking, the physical education uniforms design 1 is based on new basic concept and characterized with slim fit considering activity which will be worn as fall/winter physical education uniforms. Design 1 uses ottoman functional knit as a fabric material which is not only students favorite but also good in both flexibility and warmth. Top with style of high-neckline collar and full open zip-up is simplified with the incision lines and detail. It is a set-in sleeve design in which blue and yellow collars signifying school color are properly placed along with the incision lines in harmony.

The Influences of Meteorological Factors, Discount rate, and Weekend Effect on the Sales Volume of Apparel Products (기상요인, 가격할인 및 주말효과가 의류상품 판매량에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwangbo, Hyunwoo;Kim, Eun Hie;Chae, Jin Mie
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.434-447
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the effects of influencing factors on the sales volume of apparel products. Based on previous studies, weekend effect, discount rate, and meteorological factors including daily average temperature, rainfall, sea level pressure, and fine dust were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on sales quantity of apparel products. The daily sales data during 2015 - 2016 were collected from casual brands and outdoor brands which "A" apparel manufacturing company had operated. The actual data of "A" company were analyzed using SAS(R) 9.4 and SAS(R) Enterprise Miner 14.1. The results of this study were as follows: First, the influencing factors on total sales volume of apparel products were proved to be the weekend effect, discount rate, and fine dust. Second, the analysis of influencing factors on sales volume of apparel products according to season showed: 1) In casual brands, the average temperature had a significant influence on the sales volume of spring/summer products, and the sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/winter products significantly. 2) In outdoor brands, the average temperature and the fine dust had a significant influence on the sales volume of all season's products. The sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/ winter products significantly. The weekend effect and the discount effect affected the sales volume of apparel products partly. Third, the effect of rainfall was not proven significant, which was different from the results of past studies.

The Characteristics and Change of Colors on Fashion Collections in 1990s

  • Kim, Honey;Kim, Young-In
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.18-31
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to examine color characteristics and color changes of the fashion collections through 1990s, and to provide the efficient color information for color planning upon fashion themes. For this research, a total of 30,084 colors were collected from Paris, Milan, London, New York Collections in 1990s. Those colors were first measured by the Pantone Textile Color Specifier and COS Color System and spectrophotometer(color eye 580). These measured color values $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$of CIE were converted into H V/C of Munsell System, and 12 tones of PCCS with 5 achromatic colors. The characteristics of collected colors were analyzed in general and by place, season and year. The results of the study are as follows : First, the hues of purple blue, yellow red, red, yellow and the tones of grayish, pale, white, black, dark grayish, dull, light grayish appeared mostly. Yellow was shown quite frequently in spring/summer while purple, purple blue, red and yellow red in fall/winter. White, pale, light, light grayish and light gray were shown more frequently in spring/summer while Black, dark grayish, grayish, dark gray and dark in fall/winter. Second, the characteristics of colors by 4 representative places were similar to the general characteristics of colors in 1990's. Third, There were distributed widely Red, Yellow Red, Yellow in the early 1990s, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green in the mid of 1990s, and Purple Blue, Purple in the late of 1990s. The distribution range of chromatic colors showed wide in both of the early of 1990s and the mid of 1990s for a while, and achromatic colors of grayish, gray and black appeared mostly in the late of 1900s.

Embryo Production and Transfer for Dairy MOET Scheme Application (젖소 MOET Scheme의 추진을 위한 수정란 생산 및 이식)

  • 손동수;김일화;류일선;연성흡;서국현;이동원;최선호;박수봉;이충섭
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2000
  • The objective of this study was to apply the multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) program practically in dairy herds. Forty five superior Holstein cows ranked in 5% according to Type-Production Index(TPI) in Korea were selected as donors. The donors were superovulated with pFSH and the embryos collected from donors were frozen and preserved. The preserved embryos and frozen Holstein embryo imported from foreign country were thawed and transferred to recipients. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The total number of ova and freezable embryos collected per donor was 6.5 and 2.8, respectively. 2. The freezable embryos were obtained more(p<0.05) when the body condition score (BCS) of donors was in range of 2.50∼3.25(4.1) than in range of 3.50∼4.00(1.9), while the total number of ova was not changed. 3. The season affected on the collected number of freezable embryos(6.1 in winter, 4.5 in fall, 1.1∼1.5 in spring and summer, P<0.05), and the total number of obtained ova were more in winter than in other seasons(P<0.05). 4. Embryos were transferred to 343 recipients and 152 cows were confirmed pregnant(44.3%). 5. The higher pregnancy was obtained (P<0.05) when embryos were transferred in summer(53.3%) than in fall(36.0%), while the pregnancy rate was not affected by the origin and developmental stage of embryos, and the parity, BCS and estrus induction of recipients. From these results, the pregnancy rate was considered to be acceptable for the embryo transfer with domestic or imported Holstein embryos, however embryo production from superior Holstein donors was unsatisfactory for application of MOET scheme.

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Seasonal characteristics of thermal and chemical stratification in Lake Paldang (팔당호의 계절별 열적 및 화학적 층화 특성)

  • Son, Ju Yeon;Park, Jin Rak;Noh, Hye Ran;Yu, Soon Ju;Im, Jong Kwon
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal and chemical stratification in Lake Paldang 2013-2018 weekly using Schmidt's stability index (SSI) and the index of chemical stratification (IC-i). The annual average for SSI was 19.1 g cm/㎠ with the maximum value of 45.3 g cm/㎠ in the summer and the minimum value of 4.8 g cm/㎠ in fall-winter showing seasonal differences as well as increased vertical mixing in the summer. The lake stability increased higher in 2016 as compared with the other period. The most influential factors of thermal stratification were temperature and heavy rainfall. Especially, high water temperature and a prolonged residence duration caused by reduced rainfall and inflows could result in an increase of the stratification period. While decreasing inflow and outflow at the end of the rainfall, the thermal stratification was restrengthened within 7-14 days, and then stabilized rapidly before the rainfall. IC-DO increased with high air temperature in the spring and fall-winter. However increasing sunshine duration and residence time and decreasing rate of outflow caused an increase of IC-DO in the summer. Rainfall (less than 800 mm/year) and discharge (less than 200 CMS) significantly declined in 2015 resulting in IC-DO (0.77) increased more than three times over the other years and bottom water hypoxia occurred. The SSI and IC-i used in this study could be applied to other lakes to understand changes in stratification and mixing dynamics.

Characteristics of the athleisure look in the Alexander Wang's collection (알렉산더 왕 컬렉션에 나타난 애슬레저 룩의 특성)

  • Park, Jung Hee;Lee, Younhee
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.862-879
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze Alexander Wang's collections representing the athleisure look, and suggest a multilateral direction for fashion design based on the data. The present study examines literature, journals, and mass media to define the athleisure look and understand the background of its emergence, and assess its key design characteristics. The collections examined are from 2007 fall/winter to 2017 spring/summer, and T by Alexander Wang from 2011 spring/summer to 2016 fall/winter. A total of 446 photos were collected and verified by a group of experts. The characteristics of the athleisure look in Alexander Wang's collections were described by the following themes: dynamism (39.46%), unexpectedness (34.30%), sensuality (14.57%), and resistance (11.65%). Results revealed a number of findings: First, regarding the sensuality of the athleisure look found in Alexander Wang's collections, it was found to exhibit the lines of the human body and highlight sexiness and healthy beauty - with either direct or indirect body exposure. Second, the concept of dynamism is the most frequently seen - utilizing items with a comfortable or loose fit or materials that are flexible to enhance activity. Third, resistance appears as a specific style using aggressive and rough decorations. Alexander Wang's signature color, black, appears often, and showcases resistance through black clothing and fashion. Fourth, the unexpectedness of the athleisure look found in Alexander Wang's collections creates its own uniqueness with playful expressions made by various materials' mixed and matched or made visually fun.

Characterization and source apportionment by factor analysis of water soluble ions in atmospheric particles in Cheonan, Korea (천안시 대기 입자 중 수용성 이온성분의 계절적 특성 및 요인분석을 통한 오염기여도 평가)

  • Oh, Se-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.1020-1026
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    • 2011
  • Seasonal characteristics of water soluble ions in atmospheric particles in Cheonan were studied between 2008 and 2009. $Na^+$, $NH_4^+$ and $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$ were the principle cations and anions in both coarse and fine particles. Water soluble ions occupied 24.4%(spring), 33.2%(summer), 40.7%(fall), and 39.6%(winter) of the total mass of coarse particles. In fine particles, 43.0%(spring), 59.7%(summer), 55.4%(fall), and 53.2%(winter) of mass were occupied by water soluble ions. From the factor analysis, 2 and 4 factors were extracted for water soluble ions in coarse and fine particles, respectively. 70.33% of water ions in the coarse particles were estimated from the natural source, but 66.01% in the fine particles were from the anthropogenic source.

A Research on the Suit Wearing Conditions for Men - Based on Urban Workers - (성인(成人) 남자(男子)의 슈트 착용(着用) 실태(實態) 조사(調査) - 도시근로자(都市勤勞者)를 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Choi, Hye-Ock;Sohn, Hee-Soon
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this research is to offer basic data for study of men's suits by investigating the wearing conditions of men's suits. For data collection, a questionnaire was composed of a number of times and the reason of the suit wearing, and a number of suits they posses etc. The subjects of this research were male who aged 20-59 and resided in Seoul and the capital region. The results of the research are summarized as the following : 1. The mean age of suit wearing for the first time is 22.7 years old. The younger began to wear the suits earlier than the older. 2. A number of times of suit wearing for a week is more than 5 days mostly. Being educated higher, the ratio of suit wearing is getting higher. And In the case of job, office men, sales men and men whose job of specialization are wearing suits many a time more than a graduate student and a technician. Most of tne men especially 30's$\sim$40's is wearing the suit as a working garment. 3. Most of men is wearing jacket, dress-shirt and necktie in spring and fall, dress-shirt and necktie in summer, and jacket, vest, dress-shirt and necktie in winter. 4. As a general rule, men have about 2 suits for spring/fall and winter, and about 1 suit for summer. Also male has more than 6 ready-made suits and about 1 custom suit. The last, men almost do not use the suspender with suits.

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A Study on the Atmospheric Clearness of Major Cities in Korea (우리나라 주요 도시의 대기청명도 평가)

  • Jo, Dok-Ki;Kim, Eun-Ill;Lee, Tae-Kyu;Park, Kyung-Ho;Chun, Il-Soo;Jeon, Hong-Seok;Auh, Chung-Moo
    • Solar Energy
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 1994
  • Since the atmospheric clearness index is main factor for evaluating atmosphere circumstance, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the cities in Korea. We have began collecting clearness index data since 1982 at 16 different cities and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each city. The new clearness index data will be extensively used by evaluating atmospheric circumstance analysies as well as by solar application system designer or users. From the results, we can conclude that 1) Yearly mean 63% of the atmospheric clearness index was evaluated for clear day all veer 16 cities in Korea. 2) Atmospheric clearness index of spring and summer were 63% and 64% and for fall and winter their values wre 61% and 59% respectively. So, spring and summer were higher, and fall and winter were lower then the yearly value. 3) A significant difference of atomospheric clearness index is observed between $1982{\sim}1987$ and $1988{\sim}1993$ through 16 different cities in Korea.

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Epidemiology of patients with snake bite or envenomation in emergency department: NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) (국내 응급 센터의 뱀교상 환자의 특징: 국가응급의료정보망)

  • Serok Lee;Woochan Jeon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study utilizes the NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) database to suggest a predictive model for snakebite and envenomation in Korea by analyzing the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients visiting the ER. Methods: This was a retrospective study on snakebite patients visiting the ER using the NEDIS database from January 2014 to December 2019. The subjects include patients with the KCD (Korea Standard Classification of Disease) disease code T63.0 (Toxic effect of contact with snake venom). Geographical location, patient gender, patient age, date of ER visit, treatment during the ER stay, and disposition were recorded to analyze the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients in Korea. Results: A total of 12,521 patients were evaluated in this study (7,170 males, 54.9%; 5,351 females, 40.9%). The average age was 58.5±17.5 years. In all, 7,644 patients were admitted with an average admission time of 5.04±4.7 days, and 2 patients expired while admitted. The geographical distribution was Gyeongsang 3,370 (26.9%), Cheonra 2,692 (21.5%), Chungcheong 2,667 (21.3%), Seoul Capital area 1,999 (16.0%), Kangwon 1,457 (11.6%), and Jeju 336 (2.7%). The seasonal variation showed insignificant incidences in winter and higher severity in spring and summer than in fall: winter 27 (0.2%), spring 2,268 (18.1%), summer 6,847 (54.7%), and fall 3,380 (27.0%). Conclusion: Patients presenting with snakebites and envenomation in the emergency room were most common in the Gyeongsang area and during summer. The simple seasonal model predicted that 436 snakebites and 438 envenomation cases occurred in July and August. The results of this study can be applied to suitably distribute and stock antivenom. Appropriate policies can be formed to care for snakebite patients in Korea.