• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2015

콘크리트용 후설치 세트앵커는 콘크리트가 경화된 후에 설치되는 앵커이며 시공 장비의 발달과 시공의 유연성 및 용이성으로 사용량이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 전단하중을 받는 앵커는 강재 파괴, 콘크리트 파열파괴, 콘크리트 프라이아웃 파괴 등의 대표적인 파괴모드를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 매입깊이, 연단거리 및 콘크리트 강도를 변수로 한 세트앵커의 실험 및 유한요소 해석 결과를 통하여 콘크리트에 매입된 저하중용 후설치 세트앵커의 전단 파괴거동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 매입깊이 변수의 실험 결과 매입깊이가 얕을수록 콘크리트 강도의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연단거리 변수의 실험 결과 동일한 파괴모드를 보이면서 콘크리트 강도의 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 강재 파괴가 발생한 실험 결과를 비교해 보았을 때 콘크리트 강도가 클수록 변위가 상대적으로 더 작게 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2024

The present paper investigates the spatial variability effect of soil property on the three-dimensional probabilistic characteristics of the bearing capacity factor (i.e., mean and coefficient of variation) of a circular footing resting on clayey soil where both mean and standard deviation of undrained shear strength increases with depth, keeping the coefficient of variation constant. The mean trend of undrained shear strength is defined by introducing the dimensionless strength gradient parameter. The finite difference method along with the random field and Monte Carlo simulation technique, is used to execute the numerical analyses. The lognormal distribution is chosen to generate random fields of the undrained shear strength. In the study, the potential failure of the structure is represented through the failure probability. The influences of different vertical scales of fluctuation, dimensionless strength gradient parameters, and coefficient of variation of undrained shear strength on the probabilistic characteristics of the bearing capacity factor and failure probability of the footing, along with the probability and cumulative density functions, are explored in this study. The variations of failure probability for different factors of safety corresponding to different parameters are also illustrated. The results are presented in non-dimensional form as they might be helpful to the practicing engineers dealing with this type of problem.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 제주도 현무암에 대한 삼축압축시험을 실시하고 Lade(1977)의 3차원 파괴규준을 적용하여 강도정수를 산정하였다. 그리고 3차원 파괴규준에 의해 산정된 강도정수와 파괴면의 특성을 살펴보고, Mohr-Coulomb의 파괴규준으로 산정한 전단강도정수와 비교검토하였다. 삼축압축시험결과를 토대로 Lade(1977)의 3차원 파괴규준을 이용하여 파괴시의 ($I_1^3/I_3-27$)과 ($P_a/I_1$) 관계로부터 매개변수인 ${\eta}_1$ 및 m을 구하였다. 3차원 파괴면을 나타내는 정팔면체 평면에서 조면암질 현무암의 파괴면이 가장 크고 스코리아가 가장 작으며, 단면형상은 조면암질 현무암이 가장 삼각형에 가깝고 스코리아가 가장 원형에 가까운 것으로 나타났다. 정팔면체 평면에서 삼축실험결과와 Lade의 파괴포락선 및 Mohr-Coulomb의 파괴포락선을 비교한 결과 높은 응력하에서는 Lade의 파괴규준이 실험치와 일치하며, 낮은 응력하에서는 Mohr-Coulomb의 파괴규준이 실험치와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 Lade의 3차원 파괴면은 Mohr-Coulomb의 3차원 파괴면보다 크며, 이는 Lade의 파괴규준으로 산정된 전단강도정수가 Mohr-Coulomb의 파괴규준으로 구한 것 보다 더 크게 산정됨을 의미한다.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 복합재료 접합 조인트의 다양한 파손 모드를 고려하여 파손 강도를 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법에서는 접착제의 탄성-완전 소성 재료 모델과 층간분리 파손 식을 이용해 접착제 파손 하중과 복합재료 부재의 층간분리 파손 하중을 동시에 계산하였다. 제시된 방법을 유한요소해석에 도입하여 복합재료 Single-Lap 접합조인트의 파손 예측을 수행하였으며 시험결과와 비교하였다 이를 통해 본 방법이 다양한 접합 방법에 따른 실제적인 파손모드 및 파손 하중을 정확하게 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 접착제의 유효강도(또는 접착 성능) 및 소성거동이 복합재료 접합 조인트의 파손 특성에 미치는 영향을 수치적으로 평가하였다. 이를 통해, 복합재료 접합조인트의 파손 강도는 접착제의 접착 성능과 항상 비례하지 않으며 층간분리 파손과 접착제 파손이 동시에 발생하도록 하는 것이 접합 조인트의 강도를 최대로 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.662-684
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between various resin-bonded retainers and enamel according to the adhesive resins and retention types and observe the bond filure modes with scanning electron microscope(SEM). For this purpose, the followin eight sub-groups were tested in shear bond strength : 1) electrochemically etched group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 2) tin-plated group(PG-S) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 3) salt-treated group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 4) meshtreated group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B. Thermocycling test was conducted on the condition of 15 second dwell time each in $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$bath. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron Universal Testing Machine(medel 1125). The obtained results were as follows : 1. After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths of tin-plated group and electrochemically etched group were significantly greater than those of salt-treated group and mesh-treated group. And the shear bond strength of Panavia EX was greater than that of Superbond C&B with salt-treated group and tin-plated group(p<0.05). 2. Before thermocycling, electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B produced the greatest shear bond strength(p<0.01). 3. The shear bond strength of electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B was significantly decreased after thermocycling(p<0.01). 4. In observation of bond failure modes before thermocycling, Panavia EX highly exhibited enamel fracture. Tin-plated group using Superbond C&B adhesive failure between metal and resin and electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B exhibited adhesive failure between enamel and rdsin. 5. In observation of failure modes after thermocycling, Panavia EX exhibited cohesive failure and Superbond C&B exhibited adhesive failure between resin and metal.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2017

This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of composite floor slab comprised by a new steel sheet and concrete slab. The strength of composite slabs depends mainly on the strength of the connection between the steel sheet and concrete, which is denoted by longitudinal shear strength. The composite slabs have three main failures modes, failure by bending, vertical shear failure and longitudinal shear failure. These modes are based on the load versus deflection curves that are obtained in bending tests. The longitudinal shear failure is brittle due to the mechanical connection was not capable of transferring the shear force until the failure by bending occurs. The vertical shear failure is observed in slabs with short span, large heights and high concentrated loads subjected near the supports. In order to analyze the behavior of the composite slab with a new steel sheet, six bending tests were undertaken aiming to provide information on their longitudinal shear strength, and to assess the failure mechanisms of the proposed connections. Two groups of slabs were tested, one with 3000 mm in length and other with 1500 mm in length. The tested composite slabs showed satisfactory composite behavior and longitudinal shear resistance, as good as well, the analysis confirmed that the developed sheet is suitable for use in composite structures without damage to the global behavior.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1998

Stainless steel is being used widely lor various purposes due to its good corrosion resistance. There has becn much research to produce colored stainless sterl by several methods. In this experiment, we coated TixN film on the SUS304 substrate with thc DC magnetron sputtering system and studied the internal structurc and adhesive strength of the films as a function of the coating conditions. Before lhe specimen was coated, a sputter etching was very effective in removing the$\delta$ Fe(BCC) phase as well as the contaminant and oxide layer as well as increasing rotghness. Five-stage failure mode appeared with increased scratch load with the TIN films coated on the SUS304 in this manner ; tensile failure-,conformal failure-,buckling failure->chipping failurc and spalling Failure. When the failure was terminated at the initial stage, the film will have good adhesion. But, if syalling failure has occurred at the initial scratch, then the adhesion will be poor. The interlayer between thc coated film and thc substratc was homogeneously adhcsive when the $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase wasn't detected in the XRD analysis and the adhesive strength only was reduced by surPace defects. But, when the ,$\gamma'-Fe_4N$N phasc was detected in the XRD analysis, the adhesive strength was very poor.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.585-603
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• 2021

The validation based on the experimental data demonstrates that the concrete strength under triaxial compression (TC) is overestimated by Lubliner-Oller strength criterion (SC) but underestimated by Lubliner-Lee SC in ABAQUS. Moreover, the discontinuous derivatives of failure criterion exists near the unexpected breakpoints. Both resulted from the piecewise linear meridians of the original Lubliner SC with constants γ. Following the screen for the available failure criteria to determine the model parameter γ of Lubliner SC, Menétrey-Willam SC (MWSC) is considered the most promising option with a reasonable aspect ratio Kc but no other strength values required and only two new model parameters introduced. The failure surface of the new Lubliner SC based on MWSC (Lubliner-MWSC) is smooth and has no breakpoints along the hydrostatic pressure (HP) axis. Finally, predicted results of Lubliner-MWSC are compared with other concrete failure criteria and experimental data. It turns out that the Lubliner-MWSC can represent the concrete failure behavior, and MWSC is the optimal choice to improve the applicability of the concrete damaged plasticity model (CDPM) under TC in ABAQUS.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.963-971
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• 2008

Unsaturated soil mechanics has been often used to find out a cause of failure (tensile failure) of retaining walls and hill slopes containing sandy soils. Checking shear strength is a popular method by considering suction stress developed form pore water menisci among the grains and saturated pockets of pore water under negative pressure. Linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is generally adopted as a failure criterion. However, depending on relative density, stress history, and the magnitude of stress, the failure behavior of sand may not follow linear M-C frictional behavior. For stress in the large compressive ranges, say from tens to hundreds of kPa, the linear M-C criterion is an adequate representation for the shear strength behavior of sand. However, less than tens of kPa, the M-C criterion often can not be accurately represented. Depending on failure criterion, the uniaxial tensile strength is different over 100% relative error. For sand behavior under small compression regimes, therefore, such as under low or zero gravity, or under undergoing tensile failure in the crest area of hill slopes or behind retaining walls, it is important to consider the non-linear behavior.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2021

In this study, the strength and failure mechanism of red sandstones with combined defects were investigated by uniaxial compression tests on red sandstones with different crack angles using two-dimensional particle flow code numerical software, and their mechanical parameters and failure process were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the mechanical characteristics such as peak strength, peak strain, and elastic modulus of the samples with prefabricated combined defects were significantly inferior than those of the intact samples. With increasing crack angle from 15° to 60°, the weakening area of cracks increased, elastic modulus, peak strength, and peak strain gradually reduced, the total number of cracks increased, and more strain energy was released. In addition, the samples underwent initial brittle failure to plastic failure stage, and the failure form was more significant, leading to peeling phenomenon. However, with increasing crack angle from 75° to 90°, the crack-hole combination shared the stress concentration at the tip of the crack-crack combination, resulted in a gradual increase in elastic modulus, peak strain and peak strength, but a decrease in the number of total cracks, the release of strain energy reduced, the plastic failure state weakened, and the spalling phenomenon slowed down. On this basis, the samples with 30° and 45° crack-crack combination were selected for further experimental investigation. Through comparative analysis between the experimental and simulation results, the failure strength and final failure mode with cracks propagation of samples were found to be relatively similar.