• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.500-509
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• 2000

In general, the three major oral functions of edentulous patients-mastication, phonation, esthetics-can be rehabilitated by the complete dentures, and both the resin based complete denture and the metal based complete denture are commonly used by many clinicians today. For the sake of many advantages such as the excellent thermal conductivity, low volumetric change, high strength, low risk of fracture and the better patient's adaptation, the metal based complete dentures are indicated to the several cases. But, there are common failures of these type of dentures mainly by the fracture or the debonding between the resin structures and the metal frameworks which is caused by the discrepancies of the flexural strength and the coefficient of thermal expansion. This is aggravated by the water contamination of the interface when exposed to the oral environment and results in the failure of complete denture treatment. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the bond strength and the fracture patterns of the gold alloy based and the Co-Cr alloy based complete dentures using the PMMA resins and the 4-META adhesive resins. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both to the PMMA resin and the 4-META resin, the flexural bond strength of gold alloy is lower than that of Co-Cr alloy(P<0.05) 2. To the Co-Cr alloy, the bond strength of the 4-META resin is significantly higher than that of PMMA resin(P<0.05). 3. The flexural strength of the group with the mechanical retention form is significantly higher than that of the group without retention form(P<0.05). 4. Comparing with the other groups, the fracture patterns of the group 3 are quite different from the group 1,2,5.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

Lumbar segmental instability is considered to represent a significant sub-group within the chronic low back pain population. This condition has a unique clinical presentation that displays its symptoms and movement dysfunction within the neutral zone of the motion segment. The loosening of the motion segment secondary to injury and associated dysfunction of the local muscle system renders it biomechanically vulnerable in the neutral zone. There in evidence of muscle dysfunction related to the control of the movement system. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered slow motor unit recruitment and the development of chronic pain states. Dysfunction in the global and local muscle systems in presented to support the development of a system of classification of muscle function and development of dysfunction related to musculoskeletal pain. The global muscles control range of movement and alignment, and evidence of dysfunction is presented in terms of imbalance in recruitment and length between the global stability muscles and the global mobility muscles. The local stability muscles demonstrate evidence of failure of aeequate segmental control in terms of allowing excessive uncontrolled translation or specific loss of cross-sectional area at the site of pathology Motor recruitment deficits present as altered timing and patterns of recruitment. The evidence of local and global dysfunction allows the development of an integrated model of movement dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of this chronic low back pain condition is based on the report of pain and the observation of movement dysfunction within the neutral zone and the associated finding of excessive intervertebral motion at the symptomatic level. Four different clinical patterns are described based on the directional nature of the injury and the manifestation of the patient's symptoms and motor dysfunction. A specific stabilizing exercise intervention based on a motor learning model in proposed and evidence for the efficacy of the approach provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.580-583
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• 2009

It is very important to minimize the maintenance cost on easy accessibility in the production information system, change of production process line, and system expansion for globalization of logistics and production in the steel and manufacturing. In this paper, we design applying design patterns of object-oriented as well as implement web-based integrated manufacturing management system using JSP for easy accessibility of users and reduction of maintenance cost on business expansion and system integration. In addition, The proposed MES system supports various functionality such as equipment master code management, equipment management, inspection management, repair management, failure management, and statistic management in detail.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 2021

In this paper, development of tape-springs made of composite materials was conducted for the deployment structures along with design, analysis, fabrication, and numerical and experimental investigation of mechanical behavior of the tape-springs. To this end, the tape-springs were manufactured according to three stacking patterns, and numerical and experimental investigation were conducted to determine whether or not they were damaged during bending with various selected composite materials. Finally, optimal stacking patterns that do not cause damage were selected during bending. With this information, the four-point bending test was conducted to obtain the moment-rotation curves. From results, it was confirmed that the nonlinear hysteresis phenomenon of the tape-springs was properly realized according to folding and unfolding. Therefore, it was confirmed that the composite material tape spring was properly developed.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.448-457
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Improved knowledge of local epidemiology and predicting risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are required to optimize the management of infections. This study examined local epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and evaluated the predictors of MDR bacteremia in Korea. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 140 LC patients diagnosed with bacteremia between January 2017 and December 2022. Local epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns and the determinants of MDR bacteremia were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria, from the bloodstream, were Escherichia coli (n = 45, 31.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 35, 24.6%). Thirty-four isolates (23.9%) were MDR, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli (52.9%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (17.6%) were the most commonly isolated MDR bacteria. When Enterococcus spp. were cultured, the majority were MDR (MDR 83.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.003), particularly vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium. Antibiotics administration within 30 days and/or nosocomial infection was a significant predictor of MDR bacteremia (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.24-9.27, p = 0.02). MDR bacteremia was not predicted by sepsis predictors, such as positive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Conclusions: More than 70% of strains that can be treated with a third-generation cephalosporin have been cultured. In cirrhotic patients, antibiotic administration within 30 days and/or nosocomial infection are predictors of MDR bacteremia; therefore, empirical administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be considered when these risk factors are present.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the treatment outcome and failure patterns after definitive chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced, unresectable esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: From February 1994 to December 2002, 168 patients with locally advanced unresectable or medically inoperable esophageal cancer were treated by definitive chemoradiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) ($42{\sim}46\;Gy$) was delivered to the region encompassing the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes, while the supraclavicular fossa and celiac area were included in the treatment area as a function of disease location. The administered cone-down radiation dose to the gross tumor went up to $54{\sim}66\;Gy$, while the fraction size of the EBRT was 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction qd or 1.2 Gy/fraction bid. An optional high dose rate (HDR) intraluminal brachytherapy (BT) boost was also administered (Ir-192, $9{\sim}12\;Gy/3{\sim}4\;fx$). Two cycles of concurrent FP chemotherapy (5-FU $1,000\;mg/m^2$/day, days $2{\sim}6$, $30{\sim}34$, cisplatin $60\;mg/m^2$/day, days 1, 29) were delivered during radiotherapy with the addition of two more cycles. Results: One hundred sixty patients were analyzable for this review [median follow-up time: 10 months (range $1{\sim}149$ months)). The number of patients within AJCC stages I, II, III, and IV was 5 (3.1%), 38 (23.8%), 68 (42.5%), and 49 (30.6%), respectively. A HDR intraluminal BT was performed in 26 patients. The 160 patients had a median EBRT radiation dose of 59.4 Gy (range $44.4{\sim}66$) and a total radiation dose, including BT, of 60 Gy (range $44.4{\sim}72$), while 144 patients received a dose higher than 40 Gy. Despite the treatment, the disease recurrence rate was 101/160 (63.1%). Of these, the patterns of recurrence were local in 20 patients (12.5%), persistent disease and local progression in 61 (38.1%), distant metastasis in 15 (9.4%), and concomitant local and distant failure in 5 (3.1%). The overall survival rate was 31.8% at 2 years and 14.2% at 5 years (median 11.1 months). Disease-free survival was 29.0% at 2 years and 22.7% at 5 years (median 10.4 months). The response to treatment and N-stage were significant factors affecting overall survival. In addition, total radiation dose (${\geq}50\;Gy$ vs. < 50 Gy), BT and fractionation scheme (qd. vs. bid.) were not significant factors for overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion: Survival outcome after definitive chemoradiation therapy in unresectable esophageal cancer was comparable to those of other series. The main failure pattern was local recurrence. Survival rate did not improve with increased radiation dose over 50 Gy or the use of brachytherapy or hyperfractionation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to investigate the compliance behavior of hypertensive patients in light of their health belief model that explains an individual's compliance with health maintenance or getting well. Although there are many effective regimens and treatments for hypertension nowadays. the most important point to be taken to consideration in their behavioral aspect is their compliance with regard to the control of body weight. eating habits as to salt and cholesterol intake. stresses. activity patterns and smoking as related to their life style. The important reasons for the failure in the control of hypertensive patients are the complexity of regimens to be complied to. irregular medication and the life long restrictions in their own life style. The compliance of patients to medical regimens and rocommendations or failure to do so is an essential factor. Accordingly. the degree of the patient's compliance is an important determinant as to the success or failure of hypertension control. The subjects for this study were 187 hypertensive patients selected from admitted and out patients of the medical department at seven University Hospitals in Seoul. Data was collected from Dec. 1, 1979 to Feb. 15, 1980 using the questionaire method and was analysed by the use of means. standard deviations, coefficient of correlations, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The results obtained are as follows A. Of the seven independent variables in light of health belief model. benefit. barrier and severity are closely related to patient's compliance behavior. Therefore these variables could be used as determinants to predict and modify the hypertensive behavior. 1. Benefit is the most important and significant of the variables for explaining the dependent variables. It accounts for the highest variance of patient's compliance. (23.62%) 2. Then taking the former together with barrier. the variance of compliance showed on increase. (26.59%) 3. And with the addition of severity to the first two. the variance of compliance was also increased. (28.l2 %) B. Except for susceptibility all the independent variables such as severity. benefit, knowledge. motivation and barrier are correlated to dependent variable compliance. C. Sex. marital status and religion appeared to have significant influence on the dependent variables. Therefore one could conclude that the more the patients are aware that hypertension is a threat to health. the more they understand the benefit of taking actions to prevent such a threat. and the less they perceive any barrier when taking action. the more compliant they become in following medical regimens and recommendations. Age. marital status and religion played a significant influence to their compliance. Accordingly. the selected structural variables and demographic variables which have influenced sick role behavior of the hypertensive patient must be integrated to teaching and counselling programs for better hypertension control.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1992

Previous studies have indicated that immunological factor is responsible for the infertility. We have detected sperm antibodies in ZIFT patients which grouped as fertilization failure (A; n=18) and low fertilization rate (${\leq}50%$)(B; n=20). Patients, however, had normal oocytes and sperms. We collected serum from wives and semen from husbands and donors (fertile sperm), if it was needed. We examined class, binding patterns and amounts of antisperm antibodies(ASA) by direct and indirect immunobead binding assay. In group A, 11 husbands were ASA positive showing 62.2% and 61.1% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 70.0% and 71.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were mainly at the head of sperms (84%). In group B, 8 husbands were ASA positive showing 37.5% and 40.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 41.3% and 42.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were also mainly at the head of sperms (78%). For the treatment of ZIFT patients who had fertilization failure at the first trial, we used albumin fractionation method and dilution method with 30% fetal cord serum (FCS) to reduce the titer of ASA. We used partial zona dissection (P.Z.D.) method for wives who have antisperm antibodies in their serum. According to represented method, we could inhance the fertilization rate to 60.0% by albumin fractionation and 20.0% by P.Z.D., respectively. We concluded that the use of micromanipulation like P.Z.D. or the other sperm processing methods is required to increase a chance of fertilization. This result suggested that it should be a prerequisite to test antisperm antibodies prior to entering assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.681-688
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the surface treatments of resin bases in indirect bracket bonding technique by study of shear bond strengths and failure patterns. Ninety metal brackets were bonded to the stone models of specimens involving bovine lower incisor with light-cured adhesive(Light-Bond). After removal of brackets with the resin base from the stone models, the surfaces of resin bases in thirty brackets were treated with Plastic Conditioner and the surfaces of resin bases in another thirty brackets were treated with sandblaster and the remaining thirty brackets were served as controls. All brackets were transferred to the specimens and bonded using sealant. The shear bond strength was tested on universal testing machine, and failure pattern was assessed with the adhesive remnant index(ARI). The results were as follows: 1. Surface treatments of resin bases with Plastic Conditioner or sandblasting showed statistically higher shear bond strengths than no treatment group. 2. No significant difference in shear bond strength was found between Plastic Conditioner treatment and sandblasting treatment groups. 3. No significant difference in ARI scores was found among the three groups. 4. As the result of correlation analysis between shear bond strengths and hnl scores, failure at adhesive/bracket base interface tends to increase when the shear bond strength was high, but it was not significant statistically. The above results suggest that improvement of bond strength can be obtained by surface treatment of resin base in the indirect bonding technique.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2000

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of treatment with a focus on the effectiveness of the two primary techniques of radiation used for treating parotid gland malignancies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 70 patients with parotid gland cancer treated between 1981-1997. Radiation was delivered through an ipsilateral field of high energy electron and photon in 37 patients(52.9%). Two wedge paired photon was used to treat in 33 patients(47.1%). The median dose was 60 Gy, typically delivered at 1.8-2.0Gy per fraction. The median follow-up times for surviving patients was 60 months. Results: The overall and disease free 5 year survival rates were 71.6% and 69.5%, respectively. Wedge paired photon and photon-electron treatment disease tree 5 year survival rates were 61.1% and 80.5%, respectively. Overall local failure rate was 18.6%. Local failure rate of wedge paired photon technique was higher than that of mixed beam technique. Late complication rate was 37.1%, but most of them were mild grade. Conclusion: Techniques of radiation were associated with local control. The technique of using an ipsilateral field encompassing the parotid bed and treated with high energy electrons often mixed photons was effective with minimal severe late toxicity. To irradiate deep sited tumors, we consider 3-D conformal treatment plan for well encompassing the target volume.