• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 1999

The progressive failure following strain localization in concrete can be analyzed effectively using finite element modeling of fracture process zone of concrete with a finite element embedded discontinuity. In this study, a finite element with embedded discontinuous line is utilized for the analysis of progressive failure in concrete. The finite element with embedded discontinuity is a kind of discrete crack element, but the difficulties in discrete crack approach such as remeshing or adding new nodes along with crack growth can be avoided. Using a discontinuous shape function for this element, the displacement discontinuity is embedded within an element and its constitutive equation is modeled from the modeling of fracture process zone. The element stiffness matrix is derived and its dual mapping technique for numerical integration is employed. Then, a finite element analysis program with employed algorithms is developed and failure analysis results using developed finite element program are verified through the comparison with experimental data and other analysis results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.773-784
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• 1998

To assess the collapse risk of transmission line structures subject to natural hazards, it is important to identify what hazard may cause the structural collapse. In Australia and many other countries, a large proportion of failures of transmission line structures are caused by severe thunderstorms. Because the wind loads generated by thunderstorms are not only random but time-variant as well, a time-dependent structural reliability approach for the risk assessment of transmission line structures is essential. However, a lack of appropriate stochastic models for thunderstorm winds usually makes this kind of analysis impossible. The intention of the paper is to propose a stochastic model that could realistically and accurately simulate wind loading due to severe thunderstorms. With the proposed thunderstorm model, the collapse risk of transmission line structures under severe thunderstorms is assessed numerically based on the computed failure probability of the structure.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.404-416
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• 2020

An analytical procedure for calculating the failure load of a V-shaped rock notch under two-dimensional stress conditions was developed based on the slip-line plastic analysis method. The key idea utilized in the development is the fact that the α-line, one of the slip-lines, extends from the rock notch surface to the horizontal surface outside the notch when the rock around the notch is in the plastic state, and that there exists an invariant which is constant along the α-line. Since the stress boundary condition of the horizontal surface outside the rock notch is known, it is possible to calculate the normal and shear stresses acting on the rock notch surface by solving the invariant equation. The notch failure load exerted by the wedge was calculated using the calculated stress components for the notch surface. Rock notch failure analysis was performed by applying the developed analytical procedure. The analysis results show that the failure load of the rock notch increases with exponential nonlinearity as the angle of the notch and the friction of the notch surface increase. The analytical procedure developed in this study is expected to have applications to the study of fracture initiation in rocks through wedge-shaped notch formation, calculation of bearing capacity of the rock foundation, and stability analysis of rock slopes and circular tunnels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05e
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• pp.104-107
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• 2003

The ageing cause in many porcelain suspension insulators which occur on transmission and distribution line with dead-end stings is mechanical stress in interface between porcelain and cement materials. It is known that the principal mechanical stress which give electrical failure is the results of the displacement is due to cement growth. We studied an analysing method to find out a deformation of brittle porcelain with a thermal expansion of cement for suspension insulator. These simulation analysis and experimental results show that cement volume growths affect severely to be mechanical failure ageing. These simulation analysis and experimental results show that axial loading affects of Porcelain insulators severely to be mechanical failure ageing.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

DC link electrolytic capacitors are widely used in various PWM power converter system, such as adjustable speed driver(ASD) or DC/DC converter. Electrolytic capacitors, which is the most of the time affected by aging effect, plays a very important role for the power electronics system quality and reliability. This objective of this paper is to propose a improvement method to detect the rise of equivalent series resistor(ESR) in order to realize the online failure prediction of electrolytic capacitor for DC link of PWM power converter. The ESR detection scheme is based on the determination of the electrolytic capacitor AC losses calculated from voltage/current measurement using AC coupling. Therefore, the preposed online failure prediction method has the merits of easy ESR computation and circuit simplicity compare with BPF method. Simulation results show the veridity of the proposed on-line ESR estimation method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.60-62
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• 2004

Transmission line outage is influenced by several weather factors: wind, rain snow, temperature, cloud and humidity. And most power system reliability studies assume a failure rate. It can be calculated by transmission line outage data and weather data. Also weather is divided into normal weather and adverse weather by failure rate analysis. The effect of failure rate is discussed with both normal weather and adverse weather. It can be used in effective information about system operation and planing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.622-627
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• 1996

Detailed analysis of Feedwater Line Break (FLB) event for the fuel failure point of view are lack because the event was characterized as the increase in reactor coolant system (RCS) pressure. Up to now, the potential of the rapid system heatup case has been emphasized and comprehensively studied. The cooldown effects of FLB event is considered to be bounded by the Steam Line Break (SLB) event since the cooldown effect of SLB event is larger than that of the FLB event. This analysis provides a new possible path which can cause the fuel failure. The new path means that the fuel failure can occur under the heatup scenario because the Pressurizer Safety Valves (PSVs) open before the reactor trips. The 1000 MWe typical C-E plant FLB event assuming Loss of Offsite Power (LOOP) at the turbine trip has been analyzed as an example and the results show less than 1% of the fuel failure. The result is well within the acceptance criteria. In addition to that, a study was accomplished to prevent the fuel failure for the heatup scenario case as an example. It is found that giving the proper pressure gap between High Pressurizer Pressure Trip (HPPT) analysis setpoint and the minimum PSV opening pressure could prevent the fuel failure.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.819-829
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to determine whether or not the yield line theory, an effective method widely used for slabs made of ordinary concrete, can be used also for the reinforced concrete slabs made of high-strength concrete. Flexural behavior of simply supported slabs in three different sizes were investigated under concentrated load at mid-span. Additionally, behavior of high strength reinforced concrete slabs with 50 mm and 150 mm reinforcement spacings also studied. Failure loads, deflections, experimental and theoretical failure mechanisms were evaluated. The difference between the moments based on yield line theory and experimental moments varied between 1% to 3%. Experimental and analysis results revealed that yield line analysis could conveniently be employed in the analysis of high strength reinforced concrete slabs.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

The ultrastructural characteristics of shear fracture surfaces of laminated wood prepared from major four Korea wood specimens were examined. Commercial urea and urethan resin were used as adhesives for laminated woods of both homospecies and heterospecies. The morphology of fracture surface was observed using an optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three anatomical failure types were recognized : intercell failure, intrawall failure and transwall failure. In dry specimen, failure occurred mainly in woods. Laminated woods of softwoods showed mostly intrawall failure and transwall failure of tracheids, and them of hardwoods indicated mainly intrawall failure and interwall failure. Laminated woods prepared with urethan resin showed coarse fracture surface, on the other hand, those prepared with an urea formaldehyde resin had clean surface. In wet specimen, failure occurred dominantly in glue line. Intrawall failure and flags were characterized in laminated wood prepared with urethan resin. In heterospecies laminated woods, failure was occurred mainly in softwood. Consequently, fracture morphology of laminated wood may be influenced by adhesives, moisture content, species and anatomical characteristics.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1367-1379
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• 2015

A hybrid HVDC system that is composed of line commutated converter (LCC) at the rectifier side and voltage source converter (VSC) in series with LCC at the inverter side is studied in this paper. The start-up strategy, DC fault ride-through capability, and fault recovery strategy for the hybrid HVDC system are proposed. The steady state and dynamic performances under start-up, AC fault, and DC fault scenarios are analyzed based on a bipolar hybrid HVDC system. Furthermore, the immunity of the LCC inverter in hybrid HVDC to commutation failure is investigated. The simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC show that the hybrid HVDC system exhibits favorable steady state and dynamic performances, in particular, low susceptibility to commutation failure, excellent DC fault ride-through, and fast fault recovery capability. Results also indicate that the hybrid HVDC system can be a good alternative for large-capacity power transmission over a long distance byoverhead line.