• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to find out the characteristics of the form and the color of make-up in Oriental traditional plays by comparing the characteristics of Hahoe masque, which is one of Koran traditional plays with those of Chinese Peking Opera and Japanese Noh plays. The object of the study was confined to the make-up of women players. The distinguished characteristics of women make-up of oriental traditional plays are as followings. First, the make-up of woman players in Korean Hahoe masque adopts mask make-up and expresses the mental state of players very realistically. Second, the women players in Chinese Peking Opera wear face make-up and it is beautifully expressed but not exaggerated. Third, most of Japanese Noh players wear face make-up. However, only women players wear mask make-up so that they might express non-realistic mood. Overall, the women players in Korean Ha-hoe masque adopt mask make-up, Chinese Peking Opera face make-up, and Japanese Noh both mask and face make-up.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to the difference of facial shape and make-up. A variety of face images can be formulated by computer graphic simulation, combining numerously different facial shapes and make-up styles. In order to check out the diverse images by make-up styles, we applied five forms of eye brows, two types of eye shadows, and three lip shapes to the round-shaped face of a model. The question sheet, used with a operational stimulant in the experiment, contained 28 articles, composed of a pair of bi-ended adjective in 7 point scale. Data were analyzed using Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Three-way ANOVA. After comparing various results of make-up application to various face types, we could find that facial shape, eye-brows, eye-shadow, and lip shapes influence interactively on total facial images. As a result of make-up image perception analyses, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, and sociableness. Speaking of make-up image in terms of those factors, round form make-up style showed the highest level of mildness. Upward and straight style of make-up had the highest of modernness. Elegance level went highest when eye shadow style was round form and lip style was straight. Lastly, an incurve lip make-up style showed the highest of sociableness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.892-903
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in make-up behavior according to clothing involvement, age, and face satisfaction. Subjects of is study were the females in Seoul and Kyonggi, who were 20s and 40 $.$ 50s. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. The data were collected from Sep. to Oct. in 2003 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 with various techniques such as the factor analysis, mean, percentage, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, 1-test, Cronbach＇s $\alpha$, and $\chi$$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The consumers were classified into four categories by clothing involvement; high clothing involvement group, low fashion involvement group, middle clothing involvement group, low clothing involvement group. 2. The differences in make-up behavior according to the clothing involvement showed that make-up behavior was getting more aggressive as clothing involvement was getting higher. And generally Korean females thought the make-up was important. 3. The differences in make-up behavior according to the age revealed that 20s＇ make-up behavior was fashion oriented more than 40ㆍ50s, and 40ㆍ50s＇ make-up behavior was that they were taking a serious viewer than 20s＇ in interpersonal relationship oriented make-up behavior. 4. The result of differences in make-up behavior according to the face satisfaction was that no noticeable difference was found depending on the face satisfaction. This study revealed that the differences in make-up behavior according to clothing involvement and age were found and suggested that the cosmetic market segmentation could depend on clothing involvement market and two age group market such as younger and elder than 40ㆍ50s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.151-165
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• 2007

Appearance matters in society today. Women want to feel good and look their best. They do make-up, wear garment and accessory for their good looking. Doing make-up, we have to know how we are look and to consider face shape. But it is difficult to recognize face shape. Because there is no standard face shape of adult women of quantitative analysis. The purpose of this study was to offer standard face shape of adult women in Korea. Furthermore, the study was to determine and differentiate face shape of each age group to set the basic data for the Korean beauty industry. In this study, photographs of 600 Korean women, age between $20{\sim}50's$, were indirectly measured in Venus face2D program. The measurements were analyzed by statistical methods. As a result of basic statistical data analysis, the average lengths of face were 196mm, lengths of forehead-hairline between eyebrows were 62mm, lengths of eyebrow between noses were 68mm, length of nose between chin were 66mm, and width of face were 150mm. By comparing to each age group's face using ANOVA, the statistically noticeable differences were found in measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.515-526
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• 2002

The purpose of this study will find out the primary element of point make-up image perception, the point make-up image perception by point make-up trend and demographic variables such as sex and age. And this study will show the preferences of the point make-up. This study is based on the quasi-experimental study method with contents analysis method and experimental method. And content ana]isis is primarily based on the color trend and cosmetics colors which were suggested by a fashion magazine. Experiment was conducted by gathering opinions by poll, with the model wearing different make-ups and checking the typical reactions of people. To summarize, sex and age were found out to be influential variable to distinguish color perception abilities. This could verify that point make-up was important factor, influencing on the face image perception. also, face make-up effect could be maximized with Natural or common color groups rather than trend-oriented color group selections. And the polled preferred Natural color group with no point make-up or Classic color group to any other color group.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.77-93
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine make-up expression elements of horror characters as an evil spirit, a vampire, a zombie, a monster and a psycho murderer through make-up, focused on horror movies of the United States after1960s. First, an evil spirit was expressed that the pupil grew dim without a focus and the skin was torn by going bad and rot completely. Also, it was expressed that its teeth was changed to pointed canine teeth as a wild beast and its pale and bloodless face showed blood vessels clearly. To express its bloodless and pale skin, air brush was swept into the skin over several times. Its canine tooth was made acryl powder into its shape and was harden to make its shape smooth. Also, it was colored to show people like the real thing. Second, a vampire was expressed by make-up elements as long nails, a sharp canine tooth, a pale skin with a blood vessel and dead eyes. Its rough skin and long nails were manufactured with latex foam, which was colored like the skin. Third, a monster image as a werewolf was expressed by make-up elements as fur, sharp teeth, changed nails and toenails, a rough skin and a face changed to a wolf. Rubber mask and rubber body suit were manufactured as a make-up of special character and so all its body was changed. Fourth, a psycho murderer and body-deformed man were expressed by make-up elements as a distorted mask, swelled-up and deformed skull and face form, terribly deformed body, discolored and hang down skin and teeth with an indeterminate form. Its body and face were manufactured by the foam latex technology according to make-up design as a make-up of special character.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.164-172
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• 2008

A face is the place where individuals can first give their images visually. This chapter presents how 'Visual optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape of Lip in the aspect of physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of Lip to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of Lip could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the Lip, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.101-116
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• 2010

The purpose of this thesis is in investigating the Korean twenties face color, according to the seasons, thus presenting a sample Korean Facial Color Map. The face is divided into 20 parts to take measures, and investigated through the four seasons. Minolta Chrome Meter CR-200 has been used for taking measures of the face color. Measuring subjects and area are, University students of both sex, living in the Suncheon. They are of ages the twenties. Classified measuring values of the skin colors are expressed following to the A. H. Munsell's color system. The result of this study is as followed. When comparing parts among male and female(make-up and no make-up) groups for changes with seasonal hue and value of a face color, differences have been sighted among these three groups following the seasons ; Spring(March), Summer(June), Autumn (September) and Winter(December). According to the result of Duncan's proof, the differences of the women group with the make-up attitude was shown only in value from Summer and Autumn, but no differences have been sighted between the make-up group and the no make-up group, concerning hue. Concerning hue, it was shown that men had a redder hue than women in all seasons. In Spring, both men and women had the strongest red hue, then from Summer to Autumn a strong yellowish hue appeared, to make place to a diverse coloring in Winter, followed by a reddish hue, to start all over again. Value number proved to be lower in the Summer and Autumn for the no make-up group when compared to the make-up group, showing an averaging high number for all seasons when putting on make-up; and men value number shows the lowest of the three groups.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to color of make-up was made by computer graphic simulation. The various facial images can be helpful for choosing suitable make-up color planning. In order to find out the differences of face images by make-up color, three different foundations and seven eye-shadows, six lips were applied on the round face model. Make-up Image Scale was used the scale of seven point modified the S-D method. Data were analyzed by Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Three-way ANOVA. As the result of make-up image perception analysis, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, unique. The factor of mildness, modernness, unique affected on the foundation color. Foundation color was found out to be influential variable to distinguish color perception abilities. Also, the foundation, eye-shadow, lip color were influenced interactively on the perception of elegance factor. Pink color was important color, influenced on the mildness factor. Gray and purple color were influenced on the modernness factor. Mildness factor was perceived as the most bright foundation but unique factor was perceived as the most dark foundation. Then, the foundation, eye-shadow, lip color were influenced interactively on the perception of facial images. The results can be effectively applied to today's marketing and color design management which is focused on the product's emotional image in customer's mind.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-39
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• 2005

This chapter presents how 'optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape at eyebrow lines in the aspect at physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program - round, square, long, inverted triangle. and diamond. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of eyebrow lines to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of eyebrow could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the eyebrow, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.