• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2016

Purpose: The relationship between retinal conditions such as macular thickness and retinal volume of the eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC) and visual acuity was investigated. Methods: A total of 136 eyes from 78 subjects was divided into 5 groups: CSC eyes under treatment and its asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes after the diagnosis and its contralateral, and normal eyes. Their uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), retinal thickness and retinal volume were further examined. Results: All of UCVA, BCVA, retinal thickness and retinal volume of CSC eyes under treatment were significantly different from those of asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes and normal eyes. BCVA of the asymptomatic contralateral eyes was not significantly different from it of normal eyes, however, its retinal thickness and volume were significantly different from those of normal eyes. Increased degree of retinal volume along with the increase of retinal volume was greater in CSC eyes and its asymptomatic contralateral eyes, fully cured CSC eyes and its contralateral eyes than normal eyes. Conclusions: From the present study, it was revealed that the retinal thickness and volume of asymptomatic contralateral eyes of CSC increase as well as CSC eyes, and the change of BCVA due to CSC occurs only when the retinal thickness and volume increase in some extent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the need of the eyelash design area and the changes of an eye image according to eyelash design. Methodology included both a theoretical research and an empirical research. The theoretical research reviewed previous researches and technical books. The empirical research divided eye shapes, complemented the defect of eye shapes, and examined resulting image changes. A mechanical way was performed for treatment because it was more efficient than a manual way. A J-curl type was used. Eye length was divided into five and the point was determined. The length and density of curl were changed in each point to maximize a treatment effect. As a result, eye images were changed as follows. First, round eyes became stable. Slit eyes became vivid and soft. Wide-set eyes became intelligent and narrow-set eyes became smooth. Large eyes were naturally gradated and small eyes became larger. Double-eyelid eyes became stable and elegant and single-eyelid eyes became gentle and soft. Bulging eyes became easy and soft and sunken eyes became smooth. Peaked eyes became gentle and soft and sleepy eyes became strong and vivid. Based on the findings, eyelash design can play a role in changing an image according to eye shapes. In particular, a speed eyelash extension device to extend eyelash can reduce working hours and gradate only by angle control. It can complement the defect of eyes according to the design of each shape and change into a better image.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 1996

The purpose of this study to evaluate and compare the proprioception of the dominant knee joint at different conditions in normal 20 years of age. The pripriocption was measured at sitting, supine, prone position with the eyes opened and the eyes closed. All were assessed with and without a knee brace around the knee by reproduction the position to which a joint has previously been placed. In this study, 24 rehabilitation therapy major students were assessed at Hansoe University. In this study applied the paired t-test and 1-way ANOVA to determine the statistical significance of results at 0.05 level of significance. The error average of proprioception was $4.65{\pm}2.95^{\circ}$ with the eyes closed and $4.08{\pm}1.14^{\circ}$ with the eyes opened in sitting position, $5.56{\pm}3.18^{\circ}$ with the eyes closed and $4.98{\pm}2.99^{\circ}$ with the eyes opened in supine position and $5.60{\pm}1.64^{\circ}$ with the eyes closed and $4.87{\pm}2.16^{\circ}$ with the eyes opened in prone position. There was no significantly difference the error average between the eyes opened group and the eyes closed group. There was no significantly difference the error average among the three positions. The error average decreased significantly in knee brace group at all conditions.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Objectives Eyes, one of visual inspection regions, present important clues to pathological patterns including deficiency and excess patterns to the clinicians. The purpose of this study was to develop Eyes Inspection Questionnaire (EIQ) and to examine which items among the EIQ were more predictive of clinicians' determination for the deficiency and excess patterns. Methods Nine questionnaire items for Visual Inspection of Eyes were extracted through the literature review. These items were presented to the 4 Korean medical doctors who are specialized in visual inspection to conduct the Delphi method. The Korean medical doctors were asked to rate the importance of each items for the corresponding Visual Inspection of Eyes, using a Likert 5-point scale(the 3 points of importance as a cut-off point). Then, out of 75 photographs submitted to the Society of HyungSang Medicine in 2009, 30 portrait pictures were selected as samples. The samples were copied to make 60 sample pictures, and then randomly assigned to 4 clinicians. The 4 clinicians evaluated the 60 samples for excess and deficiency of the eyes and were asked to check the 6 questionnaire items. The results were recorded as 5-points-scale, and their average and standard deviations were calculated. Intra- class reliability test and multi regression test were performed using SPSS 13. Results Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.750 to 0.841 (P<0.05). Indices for visual inspection of the eyes were: endowment of the bone structure around the eyes; brightness of the eyes; upward deviation of the eyes; eye shapes; and definition of iris. 76.92% of deficiency symptom patterns and 86.42% of the excess symptom patterns matched the patterns predicted by the visual inspection of the eyes, according to the frequency analysis. According to the multiple regression analysis, were significantly related to the excessive symptoms, and to the deficiency symptoms. Conclusion This study is the first attempt of development for checklist of excess and deficiency of Visual Inspection of Eyes and quantitative measurement of excess and deficiency using the Visual Inspection of Eyes by the visual inspection experts. Still, additional studies are needed regarding the relationship visual inspection methods have with existing standards of diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

This research reviewed that 83 male subjects. 89 female subjects of middle and high school visited D Optical shop at the downtown of Daegu more than twice from January, 1999 to January, 2003 and obtained the following results by using the visual acuity prescription of them for which D Optical shop was keeping. 1. The classification of correction power for 190 myopia eyes was examined (87 male eyes, 103 female eyes) showed 89 eyes(46.82%) between $0.25D{\leq}3.00D$, 86 eyes(45.26%) between $3.25D{\leq}6.00D$, 15 eyes(7.89%) for over 6.25D. 2. The kind of 154 astigmatism subjects(79 male eyes, 75 female eyes) was direct astigmatism 83.77%, reverse astigmatism 11.69%, oblique astigmatism 4.55%. The cylindrical correction power for astigmatic eyes was 61 eyes(39.61%) between $0.25D{\leq}0.50D$, 60 eyes(38.96%) between 0.50D<1.00D, 121 eyes(78.57%) for less than 1.06D, 6 eyes(0.65%) for over 3.00D. 3. The variation of spherical power showed 161 eyes(46.80%) between $0.00D{\leq}0.50D$, 109 eyes(31.69%) between $0.51D{\leq}1.00D$, 17 eyes(4.94%) for over 2.01D variation. 4. The variation of astigmatic power showed 92 eyes(59.74%) between $0.00D{\leq}0.50D$, 39 eyes(25.32%) between $0.26D{\leq}0.50D$, 10eyes (6.49%) between $0.51D{\leq}0.75D$, 13 eyes(8.44 %) for over 0.76D astigmatic variation. 5. The variation of equivalent spherical power showed 137 eyes(39.83%) between $0.00D{\leq}0.50D$, 126 eyes(36.63%) between $0.51D{\leq}1.00D$, 40 eyes(11.63%) between $1.01D{\leq}1.50D$, 21 eyes(6.10%) between $1.51D{\leq}2.00D$, 20 eyes(5.81%) for over 2.01D variation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2007

When the fixation point moved far distance to near distance, the change of astigmatism type in total astigmatism showed no-changed eyes: 1,020 eyes (63.8%), changed eyes: 578 eyes(36.1 %). The change of with-the-rule into oblique-astigmatism, oblique-astigmatism into with-the-rule, against-the-rule into oblique-astigmatism of change was plenty the most respectively. In corneal astigmatism was no-changed eyes: 1,164 eyes (72.8%), changed eyes: 434 eyes(27.1%). The change of with-the-rule into oblique-astigmatism, oblique-astigmatism into with-the-rule, against-the-rule into with-the-rule astigmatism was plenty the most respectively. In residual astigmatism is no-changed eyes: 935 eyes(58.5%), changed eyes: 663 eyes(41.4%). The change of with-the-rule into oblique-astigmatism, oblique-astigmatism into against-the-rule, against-the-rule into oblique-astigmatism was plenty the most respectively. When the fixation point moved far distance to near distance, the change of astigmatism axis in total astigmatism was no-changed eyes: 761 eyes(48.5%), cyclotorsioned eyes the above 10 degrees: 837 eyes(52.3%). In corneal astigmatism was no-changed eyes: 846 eyes(52.9%), cyclotorsioned eyes the above 10 degrees : 752 eyes(47%). In residual astigmatism was no-changed eyes: 614 eyes(38.4%), cyclotorsioned eyes the above 10 degrees : 984 eyes(62.5%). The magnitude of cyclotorsion of astigmatism axis in total astigmatism was Counter clockwise rotation: 31 degrees, clockwise rotation: 20 degrees. In coneal astigmatism was Counter clockwise rotation: 25 degrees, clockwise rotation: 27 degrees. In residual astigmatism was Counter clockwise rotation: 33 degrees, clockwise rotation: 35 degrees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.750-753
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• 2012

A method detecting the position of eyes and tracking a gaze point of eyes in realtime using POSIT is suggested in this paper. This algorithm find out a candidate area of eyes using topological characteristics of eyes and then decides the center of eyes using physical characteristics of eyes. To find the eyes, a nose and a mouth are used for POSIT. The experimental results show that proposed method effectively performed detection of eyes in facial image in FERET databases and gave high performance when used for tracking a gaze point of eyes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the surface area and velocity of center of pressure (COP) during one leg standing by stimulating the sensory system in normal adults. Thirty subjects were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to stand on one leg during testing conditions. Testing conditions included 6 different sensory stimulations as follows: eyes opened, eyes closed, eyes opened with vibrator, eyes opened with head-mounted display (HMD), eyes opened with vibrator and HMD, and eyes closed with vibrator. During each testing condition, the surface area and velocity of center of pressure were measured. There were significant differences in the mean surface area and the mean velocity of COP between the "eyes opened" condition and the other five testing conditions (p<.05). However, in the comparison between the "eyes closed" and "eyes opened with HMD" conditions, there were no significant differences in the tested parameters. This study shows that closing eyes or keeping eyes opened while using HMD to experience virtual reality has the same effect on one leg standing balance. This finding should be considered in the evaluation or intervention of balance, especially one leg standing balance and balance while standing with a small base of support.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2013

Nowadays, eyes detection is required and considered as the most important step in several applications, such as eye tracking, face identification and recognition, facial expression analysis and iris detection. This paper presents the eyes detection in facial images using Harris corner detection. Firstly, Haar-like features for face detection is used to detect a face region in an image. To separate the region of the eyes from a whole face region, the projection function is applied in this paper. At the last step, Harris corner detection is used to detect the eyes location. In experimental results, the eyes location on both grayscale and color facial images were detected accurately and effectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2003

This study was performed to survey the correspondence between the optical centers and pupillary centers in 224 eyes. The results were as follows: 1. The eye types were 136 eyes(60.7%) for myopic, 85 eyes(37.9%) for astigmatism, 3 eyes(1.4%) for hyperopic. 2. The horzontal prismatic effects of the 35 eyes (in ${\pm}0.25$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}1.00$$) underpassed the aberration of tolerence of opthalmic dispensing in 34 eyes(97.1%). 3. The horzontal prismatic effects of the 167 eyes (in ${\pm}1.00$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}6.00$$) underpassed the aberration of tolerence of opthalmic dispensing in 136 eyes(81.4%). 4. The horzontal prismatic effects of the 22 eyes (in ${\pm}6.00$ < $$D{\leq_-}{\pm}12.00$$) underpassed the aberration of tolerence of opthalmic dispensing in 12 eyes(54.5%).