• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

We proposed blink based online speller for the locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients, paralyzed in nearly all voluntary muscles expect for the eyes, with a simple and easy-to-use eye blink detection glasses. Electrooculogram (EOG) is the golden standard method of eye movement or blink measurement with Ag/AgCl electrodes. However, this method has several drawbacks such as skin irritation and dehydration of conductive gel. To resolve the shortcomings, we used a blink detection system based on a transparent capacitively coupled electrode, which is conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The films make it possible to measure eye blink without direct skin contact and obstruction of field of view. We finally developed user-friendly blink based online speller with the blink detection system. To classify voluntary and non-voluntary blink, we used the double blink for command of the speller. The online speller experiment result with six healthy subjects shows that mean accuracy is 98.96% and letter per minute (LPM) is 4.73, which are better result by comparison with conventional P300 or auditory brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of applying the proposed system as a communication method for the LIS patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2009

Lophatheri Herba, Patriniae Radix, Alli tuberosi Herba, and Menthae Herba have long been used externally for treatment of injuries or inflammations in Korea. This study was carried out to examine the anti-dandruff effect of the mixture made with equal parts of 70%-ethanol extracts of Lophatheri Herba, Patriniae Radix, Allii tuberosi Herba, and Menthae Herba (LPAM) and of each one above, compared with 1%-zinc pyrithione (Standard) used commercially as anti-dandruff. The results showed the mixture was more effective than each crude drug. The 10%-LPAM produced no toxicity in skin reaction test and eye irritation test, and showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pityrosporum ovale, the major cause of dandruff, and also showed significant anti-dandruff and itch-improvement effects on head skin.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

As number of new housing construction has been growing, the increasing number of people experiencing from Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is distinct. The purpose of this study is to examine the symptoms reported by residents responses to cope with the syndrome and to investigate their environmental characteristics considered relevant to the syndrome. Respondents were housewives living in apartments and were more likely to stay at home. 170 data were collected by both web-based internet survey and conventional questionnaire survey. The findings revealed that the symptom appeared very diverse and composite. The most common symptom was eye irritation. Among diverse coping behaviors, ventilation was most popular.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2005

Passive smoking is the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke by a person, especially a non-smoker, who occupies and area with smokers or a smoker. Passive smoking may cause eye and nose irritation, sore throat, headache, cough to everyone, and it is known that non-smokers have the same kinds of illness with smokers. Smoking rate among the adults aged over 20 in Korea is higher than that of the US or European conturies. Therefore we suppose that Koreans may be exposured to passive smoking than the people of other conturies. It is necessary that people have the knowledge on the heath problems caused by passive smoking and on prevention from the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke. I propose that the smokers should be informed the importance of smoking cessation.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-37
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• 1988

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-sapoin quaternary (HGSQ), from hydrolyzed Korean ginseng-saponin and 2, 3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent for hair care products. This structure has the hydrophilic group from the introduced cationic and the hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin. Its properties: surface tension, conductivity, critical micelle concentration, eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction (%) for 20% extension and moisture retention effect comparing with the commercial standards. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

Objectives: The OECD QSAR Application Toolbox was developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to facilitate the practical use of QSAR approaches in regulatory contexts as well as to reduce the need for additional animal testing. In this study, human health and the ecotoxicity of chemicals were predicted by applying the OECD QSAR Application Toolbox and the results were compared with experimental data in order to evaluate the applicability of this program. Methods: Read-across, trend analysis, and QSAR of OECD QSAR Application Toolbox were used for the prediction of toxicity. Results: The toxicity prediction was conducted on 6,354 chemicals for which toxicity data have been produced on the six endpoints of skin sensitization, skin irritation, eye irritation, mutagenicity, and acute toxicities of fish and Daphnia. From the total of 6,354, we obtained prediction results for 1,621 chemicals (25.5%). Conclusions: The predicted properties of mutagenicity, skin sensitization, and acute aquatic toxicities were reasonably good when compared with experimental data, but other endpoints were not due to the limitation of applicable chemical groups.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 1999

A novel retinol derivative, polyethoxylated retinamide(Medimin A) was synthesized, as an anti-aging agent. Collagen synthesis, skin permeation, stability, and toxicity of Medimin A were evaluated and compared with those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. In vitro collagen synthesis was evaluated by quantitative assay of $[^3H]-proline$ incorporation into collagenase sensitive protein in fibroblast cultures. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cells(effective diffusion area: 1,766 $cm^2$) and the excised skin of female hairless mouse aged 8 weeks were used, The stabilities of retinoids were evaluated at two different temperature($25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$) and under UV in solubilized state and in O/W emulsion. To estimate the safety, acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, primary skin irritation, acute eye irritation and human patch test were performed. The effect of Medimin A on collagen synthesis was similar to that of retinol. The skin permeability of Medimin A was higher than those of retinol and retinyl palmitate. The Medimin A was more stable than retinol and retinyl palmitate. Medimin A was nontoxic in various toxicological tests. These results suggest that Medimin A would be a good anti-aging agent for enhancing bioavailability and stability.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2017

국내 문화재 생물피해 방제는 농약에서 유래한 화학적 약제를 사용하여 왔다. 그러나 인체와 환경에 대한 유해성 문제로 인하여 사용이 점차 제한되고 있으며, 새로운 방제약제의 탐색과 안전성 연구에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증가되고 있다. 개발된 천연 생물방제제의 안전성은 동물실험을 통한 독성평가로 확인하고 있으며, 치사량과 자극성 평가를 위하여 경구독성, 경피독성, 안점막자극 및 피부자극 시험법을 이용하여 안전성을 평가한다. 독성평가를 위해 실험용 쥐와 토끼를 이용하며, 쥐에 대해 단회 경구독성과 경피독성 시험을 실시하고, 토끼에 대해 안점막자극시험 및 피부자극 시험을 시행한다. 본 시험에 이용한 천연 생물방제물질은 목재부후균과 흰개미에 대한 항진균활성 및 살충활성이 조사된 족두리풀 추출물을 적용하였다. 쥐에 대한 단회 경구투여한 결과 $LD_{50}$ 값이 수컷 4,000 mg/kg 이상, 암컷 2,000 mg/kg 이상으로 판정되었으며, 단회 경피 투여한 결과 $LD_{50}$ 값이 암수 모두 10,000 mg/kg 이상으로 판정되었다. 토끼의 눈에 대한 자극시험에서는 무자극성으로 판정되었으며, 피부에 대해서는 약한 자극성이 있는 물질로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해 천연 생물방제물질인 족두리풀 추출물의 안전성을 동물실험으로 확인함으로써 화학 물질의 안전성 검증을 위한 기본적인 유해성 평가 방법으로 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2006

To evaluate the effect of punctal occlusion on tear preservation after third eyelid resection, 10 eyes were operated in dogs and observed changes in tear preservation using Schirmer tear test (STT). Punctal occlusion was performed on five healthy dogs with no clinical sings of ocular irritation and no history of dry eye syndrome. The STT was performed for 10 days before surgery, and on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 30 after third eyelid resection. The mean STT was $17.4{\pm}0.15$ mm/min($mean{\pm}SEM$) for 10 days before surgery. And, it was $11.5{\pm}0.55$mm/min for 30 days after surgery in puntal occlusion(PO) group. The mean STT was $17.3{\pm}0.32$ mm/min for 10 days before surgery. And, it was more decreased to $6.5{\pm}0.60$ mm/min for 30 days after surgery in control group. The paired t-test was performed. Mean STT after the third eyelid resection was higher in PO group than that of control throughout experimental period (p<0.05). In summary, the effect of thermal punctal occlusion significantly increased on the tear preservation by $28.86{\pm}7.96%$. These results suggest that application of thermal punctal occulsion in dry eye syndrome will promote tear preservation.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

목적: 최근 컴퓨터가 대량 보급되면서 VDT 증후군이 점차적으로 증가하고 있다. VDT 증후군은 VDT 작업자들에게 나타나는 근골격계 질환, 신경정신계 장애, 눈의 긴장, 피로, 자극과 충혈 등 안과적 증상을 포함한다. VDT 증후군의 환경요인으로는 전자파, 컴퓨터 화면의 크기, 밝기, 조명, 모니터 및 작업대의 높낮이, 작업시간, 작업의 종류, 작업자와 스크린과의 거리, 실내습도 및 온도, 사무실내의 공기오염, 환기 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 근거리 시각 작업으로 인한 VDT 증후군에서 나타나는 주요 신체증상 및 신체 및 심리적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적 요인을 조사하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 19세부터 28세사이의 남자 54명, 여자 66명으로 총 120명이었다. 책이나 문서 읽기, 컴퓨터 작업 등에 대한 근거리 작업을 할 때에 나타나는 신체적 증상과 육체적 불편함을 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사항목에는 근업작업에 따른 주요 신체 증상과 눈의 자각 증상, 작업환경에 대한 만족도, 키보드, 마우스 사용시의 손목 통증 경험 등을 포함하였다. 결과: 장시간 컴퓨터, 문서, 전자기기를 사용할 때에 대부분(70%)이 신체적인 통증을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 통증부위는 주로 목과 허리(57.1%), 눈(45.2%), 두통(31%) 등이었다. 환경적 요인에서는 적절치 못한 조명으로 눈의 통증을 호소하는 사람들이 78.3%였다. 대부분의 증상은 '눈의 피로'(38.3%), '눈의 건조성'(31.9%), '눈의 흐릿함'(23.7%)이었다. 대상자들은 의자에 대한 불편함을 호소하였고 키보드, 마우스 사용 때 손목의 통증은 대부분 경험하였다. 결론: 전자기기, 문서 등을 이용할 때 빛, 공간, 자세, 작업대 등의 다양한 환경적 요인들이 조화롭지 못해 눈의 피로, 신체적인 피로감을 느낄 수 있다. 따라서 문서작업을 할 때에는 휴식시간에 대한 자기관리와 같은 예방법을 개발하여 눈의 피로를 줄여야 할 것이다. 또한 지속적인 연구를 통해 근골격계 질환 예방을 위해 최적의 시각적인 환경을 위한 인간공학적 디자인으로 작업환경을 바꾸어야 할 것이다.