• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2011

In this study, we assessed the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts isolated from the dried roots and stems (including leaves) of Angelica dahurica. The irritation response from these extracts was also assessed to determine potential cosmetic use. Both sources of A. dahurica extracts exhibited radical scavenging properties to different extents. The free radical scavenging potency ($EC_{50}$) of the stems (including leaves) of A. dahurica was 243.33 ${\mu}g/mL$, which is significantly lower (p<0.01) than that observed of the roots (1,161.79 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibition values ($EC_{50}$) of xanthine oxidase were as follows: 435.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ (roots) and 434.66 ${\mu}g/mL$ (stems). We noted no significant differences between the two plant parts with regard to ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. After the application of A. dahurica extracts to rabbits for skin and eye irritation tests, no negative effects were observed; therefore, the extracts are considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2011

In traditional medicines, Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang-sasim-tang extracts were known to effects of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. To investigate the safety evaluation of skin, these extracts were measured to skin safety testing such as primary skin irritation test, eye irritation test and skin sensitization test. The results of the primary skin irritation test and eye irritation test in vitro showed that these extracts included in the nonirritating area. Skin sensitization test results by Guinea Pig Maximization (GPMA) indicated that there was no allergy reaction. Therefore, Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang-sasim-tang extracts were very safe in every safety test of skin. These results suggests that Dansam-samul-tang and Samwhang- sasim-tang extracts in 1 % concentration can be useful cosmetic ingredients.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2015

Eye is a highly vascularised organ. There are chances that a foreign substance can enter the systemic circulation through the eye and cause oxidative stress and evoke immune response. Here the eyes of rabbits were exposed, for a period of 7 days, to 5 known ocular irritants: Cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium salicylate (SS), imidazole (IMI), acetaminophen (ACT) and nicotinamide (NIC). The eyes were scored according to the draize scoring. Blood collected from the treated rabbit were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. After sacrifice, histological analysis of the eye and analysis of pro-inflammatory biomarkers ($IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-8 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in the cornea using ELISA was carried out. Spleen was collected and the proliferation capacities of spleenocytes were analyzed. Liver and brain were collected and assessed for oxidative stress. The eye irritation potential of the chemicals was evident from the redness and swelling of the conjunctiva and cornea. Histopathological analysis and ELISA assay showed signs of inflammation in the eye. However, the haematological and biochemical parameters showed no change. Spleenocyte proliferations showed only slight alterations which were not significant. Also oxidative stress in the brain and liver were negligible. In conclusion, chemicals which cause ocular irritation and inflammation did not show any systemic side-effects in the present scenario.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

In the present study, the materials, sizes, and designs of blind eye patch products of skin-adhesive type and glass-attachment type currently available in the market will be analyzed and ergonomically appropriate blind eye patches will be developed. Although these skin-adhesive type eye patches were easy to use, they had shortcomings such as skin troubles due to the adhesive used on the weak and sensitive skin of children and the fact that eyebrows are pulled out and the skin is irritated when the eye patches are detached after being attached. The non-adhesive type eye patches were blind patches to be worn by putting into glasses. These products were made using diverse materials such as neoprene, non-woven fabrics, and felt and showed differences in tactile impressions and irritation to the skin depending on material characteristics. In addition, most products were efficient in blocking light with three-dimensional oval designs comprising darts. In the present study, blind eye patches were designed to reduce skin troubles by using sweat-absorbing and quick-drying functional materials with soft tactile impressions. In addition, to increase the effect to block light and the degree of tight contact with the skin when the blind eye patches are worn compared to existing eye patch designs, the sides of the wings of the blind eye patches were widened, glass frame fixing plates were added, and the darts were made to be curved thereby making an ergonomic design reflecting the shape of the face. The non-adhesive type blind eye patches developed in the present study are considered to enhance the wearing sensation with the use of the material without skin irritation but with cushioning feelings and the ergonomic design reflecting the contour of the face.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1996

The local irritation studies of DA-3285, recombinant human erytropoietin(rHu-EPO), were carried out in rabbits after the following treatment; single application into the conjunctival sac of the eye, single subcutaneous injection, 7-day repeated subcutaneous injection and 8-day repeated infusion into the ear vein. Also, the local irritancy of DA-3285 leaked around vein was studied in mice by single perivascular injection. The results obtained were as follows. In the result of ocular irritation test, DA-3285 could be considered as a non-irritating material. In single and 7-day repeated subcutaneous irritation test, the irritancy of DA-3285 was not so much different from that of saline. The vascular irritancy of DA3285 by 8-day repeated infusion was negligible and similar to that of saline. And the irritancy of DA3285 by perivascular injection was comparable to that of saline. These results indicate that DA-3285 has no irritating activity when injected through subcutaneous or intravenous route for clinical practice as 3.5% solution.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2011

본 연구는 후추출물, 클로브버드, 로즈마리 및 오리가늄오일의 친환경 살충소재의 활용가능성을 탐색하고자 급성경구독성, 급성경피독성, 피부자극성 및 안점막자극성시험을 수행하였다. 랫드를 이용한 급성경구독성시험결과 후추추출물, 클로브버드, 로즈마리 및 오리가늄오일의 $LD_{50}$은 2,000 mg/kg bw이상이었고, 급성경피독성시험결과 모든 사험물질의 $LD_{50}$이 4,000 mg/kg bw으로 나타났다. 피부자극성시험결과 후추추출물, 클로브버드 및 로즈마리오일은 자극성이 없었고, 오리가늄오일은 중도의 자극성을 나타냈다. 안점막자극성시험결과 후추추출물과 로즈마리오일은 자극성이 없고, 클로브버드오일은 경도의 자극성을 나타냈으며, 오리가늄오일은 중도의 자극성을 나타냈다. 따라서, 후추와 로즈마리오열은 독성이 낮았으나, 클로브버드오일은 경도의 안점막자극성을 갖고, 오리가늄오일은 중도의 피부자극성과 안점막자극성이 있는 것으로 구분되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2010

본 연구는 생리활성이 높은 식물오일의(라벤더, 레몬유칼립투스 및 계피 오일) 친환경 살충소재의 활용가능성을 탐색하고자 급성독성(급성경구독성, 급성경피독성, 피부자극성 및 안점막자극성)시험을 수행하였다. 랫드를 이용한 급성경구독성시험결과 라벤더, 레몬 유칼립투스 및 계피 오일의 $LD_{50}$은 2,000 mg/kg bw 이상이었고, 급성경피독성시험결과 모든 시험물질의 $LD_{50}$이 4,000 mg/kg bw으로 나타났다. 피부자극성시험결과 라벤더와 레몬 유칼립투스 오일은 자극성이 없었고, 계피 오일은 중도의 자극성을 나타냈다. 안점막자극성시험결과 라벤더, 레몬 유칼립투스 오일은 자극성이 없었고, 계피오일은 중도의 자극성을 나타냈으나 세척시험 결과 자극성은 없었다. 따라서, 라벤더 및 레몬 유칼립투스 오일은 독성이 낮았으나, 계피 오일은 중도의 피부자극성 및 안점막자극성을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In the present study, we evaluated the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities exhibited by extracts obtained from the dried stems (and leaves) of Lespedeza bicolor We also assessed its potential irritation activities with regard to cosmetic use. When the DPPH radical scavenging activities of L. bicolor were assessed at six different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$), the concentration of L. bicolor required to inhibit DPPH radical formation by $50\%$ was found to be $164.90{\mu}g/ml$. The effects of L. bicolor on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase were determined at seven different concentrations. The $50\%$ effective concentration was found to be $282.75{\mu}g/ml$. In the skin irritation test, all animals survived for the duration of the study, and all exhibited normal gains in body weight. The control sites exhibited no response to the control procedures. No edema, erythema, or eschar formation was observed in any of the tested rabbits. In the ocular irritation study, all of the rabbit eyes remained normal. In summary, L. bicolor extracts were considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-saponin quaternary (HGSQ), from Korean ginseng saponin and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent in cosmetics. This structure has a hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin which is biologically active and considered to be the most important component of the Korean ginseng. Its properties : surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction(%) and moisture retention effect were studied. Its cationic character allows the molecule to be more substantive than ginseng saponin. HGSQ had good physical properties and was safe. enough as a cosmetic raw material. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos. HGSQ was an excellent conditioning agent in shampoo..