• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2010

Objectives : While there are many studies about treatments of facial palsy, no study has been performed on general population of Korea, especially concerning about comparison between western medicine and oriental medicine. This study aimed to investigate magnitude of health visits and treatment patterns for Korean patients with facial palsy through the computerized database of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRAS). Methods : According to the HIRAS database over 5 years' period from 2004 to 2008, the medical records of patients with facial palsy as a main diagnosis were extracted. Inclusion criteria of facial palsy are Bell's palsy(G510), Geniculate ganglionitis(G511), Melkersson's syndrome(G512), Other disorders of facial nerve(G518), Disorder of facial nerve, unspecified(G519) in western medicine. And Paralytic face(G016), Deviated eye and mouth(J01), The other facial palsy(J013) were included in oriental medicine. We compared the claim number of western medical care with that of oriental medicine treatment by year and month. Results : The total claim number of facial palsy was increasing on both western medicine and oriental medicine from 2004 to 2008. In western medicine, the claim number of Bell's palsy(G510) is the most. In oriental medicine the inpatients claim number of Deviated eye and mouth(J01) is the most, while outpatients claim number of the other facial palsy(J013) is the most. Conclusions : Medical database of HIRAS provided comprehensive and vast information on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment, which can be more reliable data to expect medical demand for facial palsy in condition that accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment is delivered in clinical settings.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how gaze angle affects muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking and to offer scientific information for effective and safe treadmill training environment. Method: Ten male subjects who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited. Eight pairs of surface electrodes were attached to the right side of the body to monitor the upper trapezius (UT), rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), bicep femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), medialis gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Two digital camcorders were used to obtain 3-D kinematics of the lower extremity. Each subject walked on a treadmill with a TV monitor at three different heights (eye level; EL, 20% above eye level; AE, 20% below eye level; BE) at speed of 5.0 km/h. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the video recording. For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: This study found that average and peak IEMG values for EL were generally smaller than the corresponding values for AE and BE but the differences were not statically significant. There were also no significant changes in kinematic variables among three different gaze angles. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, gaze angle does not affect muscle activity and kinematic variables during treadmill walking. However, it is interesting to note that walking with BE may increase the muscle activity of the trapezius and the lower extremity. Moreover, it may hinder proper dorsiflexion during landing phase. Thus, it seems to reasonable to suggest that inappropriate gaze angle should be avoided in treadmill walking. It is obvious that increased walking speed may cause a significant changes in biomechanical parameters used in this study. It is recommended that future studies be conducted which are similar to the present investigation but using different walking speed.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2017

Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a very rare chromosomal syndrome characterized by various malformations such as anal atresia, preauricular malformation, coloboma of the iris, and congenial heart and renal defects. This genetic disorder is caused by partial duplication of chromosome 22, mostly as a result of a supernumerary isodicentric marker chromosome idic(22)(q11.2). Various congenital abnormalities and extreme phenotypic variability in CES patients have been reported, which have made prenatal diagnosis of CES difficult. We report the first case diagnosed with CES prenatally by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in a woman who was referred to our hospital, for a fetus presenting with heart anomaly.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.347-355
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• 2023

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been reported to be very efficacious for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety-related conditions. However, a review of the literature reveals the sparse use of this therapy in the field of pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety trends in pediatric dental patients during local anesthesia and extraction with and without EMDR therapy. Methods: Children in the age range of 8-12 years who required dental extractions were assigned randomly into two groups: an EMDR group (group 1) and a routine behavior management therapy group (group 2; receiving more traditional interventions such as tender love and care behavioral modeling, and distraction). Anxiety scores were recorded at four levels using the visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS) preoperatively, after therapy, after the administration of local anesthesia (LA), and after extraction. Results: Reduced anxiety was observed after the delivery of EMDR therapy, after LA administration, and post-extraction in the EMDR group compared to pre-operative anxiety scores of anxiety (P < 0.001; unpaired Student's t and Mann-Whitney U tests). In the control group, mild reductions in anxiety after routine behavior management therapy were observed, accompanied by spikes in anxiety levels after LA and extractions. Conclusion: EMDR therapy was found to be valuable for reducing anxiety among pediatric dental patients during tooth extraction procedures.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2003

This is a case report of a patient with Tourett's disorder treated by Ukgan-san. We evaluated the patient Tourett's disorder by behavior and sound. His tic behaviors like eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, head jerking, facial frimace have been shown frequently, and His phonic tic symptoms like coughing, throat clearing, sniffing have been presented frequently, too. We diagnosed his condition as Wind-syndrome Caused by Hyperactivity of Liver-yang by patient's redish face, taut pulse, Left umbilical throb. So we treated the patient with Ukgan-san. and the score of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS) was 30 at the start of treatment. and the score of YGTSS was 3 at the end. We found that Ukgan-san was effective for the patient with Tourett's disorder.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to examine whether anxiety and depression of children and mothers were associated with the children's medically unexplained somatic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : 83 clinic-referred boys with ADHD and 52 boys without ADHD were included in this study. The frequency of the medically unexplained somatic symptoms, such as general-ache, headache, nausea, eye problems, skin problems, abdominal pain, vomiting was evaluated using the somatic symptom domain of the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). Children's anxiety and depression were evaluated using Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for children. Maternal anxiety and depression were measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis. Results : Score of maternal state anxiety affects the T score of the somatic symptom domain in CBCL significantly(adjusted $R^2$=0.057 ; p=0.026). Conclusion : The frequency of medically unexplained somatic symptom of children perceived by mothers was associated with the high level of maternal state anxiety in ADHD. Frequent maternal report of the children's somatic symptom may be a warrant for the evaluation and management of the maternal state anxiety in ADHD.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of bio-signal devices for the diagnosis, assessment, and analysis of neurocognitive disorder in Korean medicine (KM) hospitals and clinics. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to survey the current status of medical device use, and diagnosis and interventions for patients with cognitive disorders in KM hospitals and clinics. November 11~December 2, 2019, 114 responses (71.9% completed) were collected by internet-based questionnaires from the members of the Korean society of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. Results: The clinical requests were in the descending order of hematology analyzer, ultrasound imaging system, and electroencephalography among the 15 most commonly used devices of which research would support for their clinical usability. The biosignal-based devices showed the highest research demands for patients with mild cognitive impairment rather than more severe stages of cognitive impairment. Prevention rather than diagnosis, or several treatment regimens was the strongest clinical area of the KM for patients with neurodegenerative cognitive impairment. Many responded that five to 10 minutes of test duration and 20,000 won to 30,000 won of cost would be appropriated for a new device to be developed. Conclusions: There were strong demands for the development of bio-signal devices for neurocognitive disorders among the KM doctors. Specifically, it showed high needs for the technology that can be used in the prevention area of cognitive disorders. Additionally, new medical devices to assess cognitive functions and to obtain KM pattern-related information were the high needs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.436-443
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of stroke and Alzheimer's disease who had been diagnosed with probable-rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (probable-RBD). Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Ukgan-san, Ukgansangayonggolmoryeo-tang, and powdered Gamisoyo-san extract), Western medicine (clonazepam, antiplatelet, psychotropic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and others), and acupuncture. Their effects were evaluated by the frequency and severity of sleep-related behavioral symptoms. Results: After treatment, the observed frequency and severity of sleep-related behavior decreased. Conclusion: The results suggest that using traditional Korean medicine with clonazepam can be effective in the treatment of patients with probable-RBD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.78-91
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the somatization rating scale (SRS), and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. Methods: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 40 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding somatization responses among 242 patients (71 with anxiety disorder. 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psychosomatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Results : Factor analysis yielded 5 subscales : cardiorespiratory and nervous responses, somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal responses, general somatic responses, genitourinary, eye and muscular responses. Reliability was computed by administering the SRS to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 5 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between .86-.94. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for 5 subscales ranged between .72-.92, and .95 for the total score. Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 5 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 5 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 5 subscales and the total score. Only the depressive disorder group was siginificantly higher than control group in all the subscale scores and total scores of SRS among 4 patient groups. In somatic sensitivity, only depressive disorder patients were significantly higher than the normal controls, whereas in general somatic subscale, depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups were significantly higher than the normal controls. In total scores of the SRS, female subjects were significantly higher than males. Conclusion : These results indicate that the SRS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure for research in stress- and somatization-related fields. The depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups showed more widespread somatization than the anxiety and psychosomatic disorder groups.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 2003

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a dysmorphogenic disorder characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, mental retardation, growth retardation and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Diagnosis for the Cornelia de Lange syndrome is dependent on the clinical observation because neither definite biological marker nor definite chromosomal abnormality have been investigated. Clinical observation is important for the diagnosis, so we report a case of Corenelia de Lange syndrome with mental retardation and autistic disorder. The patient is a 6-year old girl. Her motor development and language development have been delayed. She could say no meaningful word and understood simple command partially. She showed poor eye contact and poor emotional interaction. Social interaction was impaired and she Showed stereotypic behaviors. Thus we diagnosed her as mental retardation with autistic disorder. She had vesicoureteral reflux, frequent upper respiratory infection and pneumonia. She had experienced febrile convulsions 4 times. She had short stature, confluent eyebrows, long eyelashes, and upturned nose with anteverted nostrils. She also showed low hairline and hypertrichosis in body and extremities. Her finger was short. In this case, we diagnosed Cornelia de Lange syndrome by her characteristic face, hypertrichosis and medical and behavioral problems that were frequently showed in this syndrome.