• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.660-670
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• 2022

This study was analyzed by applying AMSTAR-2, a methodological quality evaluation tool, to evaluate the quality of domestic meta-analysis papers on rehabilitation interventions for stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for qualitative improvement of evidence-based practice and meta-analysis research by analyzing the qualitative level of the analyzed research. The literature search was conducted using the Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Medical database, and Korean studies Information Service System. Two authors searched, extracted, and reviewed literature using the keywords 'stroke' and 'meta-analysis'. As a result of the AMSTAR-2 quality evaluation of the final 18 studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were 'Moderate', 8 studies (44.44%) were 'Low', and 7 studies (38.89%) were 'Critically Low'. In future research, scientific and objective data selection and extraction process should be performed. It is expected that interest and efforts to improve the quality of meta-analysis research will continue by referring to the contents analyzed in this study as a way to improve the quality of literature.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2023

Rehabilitators perform outpatient treatment and daily rehabilitation exercises to recover physical function with the aim of quickly returning to society after surgical treatment. Unlike performing exercises in a hospital with the help of a professional therapist, there are many difficulties in performing rehabilitation exercises by the patient on a daily basis. In this paper, we propose a CNN-LSTM-based upper limb rehabilitation real-time monitoring system so that patients can perform rehabilitation efficiently and with correct posture on a daily basis. The proposed system measures biological signals through shoulder-mounted hardware equipped with EMG and IMU, performs preprocessing and normalization for learning, and uses them as a learning dataset. The implemented model consists of three polling layers of three synthetic stacks for feature detection and two LSTM layers for classification, and we were able to confirm a learning result of 97.44% on the validation data. After that, we conducted a comparative evaluation with the Teachable machine, and as a result of the comparative evaluation, we confirmed that the model was implemented at 93.6% and the Teachable machine at 94.4%, and both models showed similar classification performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2024

The elbow joint is made up of three different bones. X-rays or other radiological exams are commonly used to diagnose elbow injuries or disorders caused by physical activity and external forces. Previous research on the elbow joint reported a new examination method that meets the imaging evaluation criteria in the tilt position by Z-axis elevation of the forearm. Therefore, this study aims to design an optimized instrument and develop an aid applicable to other upper extremity exams. After completing the 2D drawing and 3D modeling design, the final design divided into four parts was fabricated with a 3D printer using ABS plastic and assembled. The developed examination aid consists of a four-stage Z-axis elevation tilt angle function (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°) and can rotate and fixate 360° in 1-degree increments. It was designed to withstand a maximum equivalent stress of 56.107 Pa and a displacement of 1.6548e-5 mm through structural analysis to address loading issues caused by cumulative frequency of use and physical utilization. In addition to X-ray exams of the elbow joint, the developed aid can be used for shoulder function tests by rotating the humerus and also be applied to MRI and CT exams as it is made of non-metallic materials. It will contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of medical imaging diagnosis through clinical applications of various devices and medical imaging exams in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2022

Purpose This study evaluated the rates and annual trends of pediatric CT scans in South Korea using a nationwide population-based database. Materials and Methods Data regarding pediatric CT scan usage between 2012 and 2017 were retrieved from the health insurance review and assessment service. Data on the age, sex, diagnosis, and the anatomical area of involved patients were also extracted. Results A total of 576376 CT examinations were performed among 58527528 children aged below 18 years (9.8 scans/1000 children), and the number of CT examinations per 1000 children was noted to have increased by 23.2% from 9.0 in 2012 to 11.0 in 2017. Specifically, the number of CT examinations increased by 32.9% for the 6-12 years of age group (7.4/1000 to 9.8/1000) and by 34.0% for the 13-18 years of age group (11.4/1000 to 15.3/1000). Moreover, majority of the CT scans were limited to the head (39.1%), followed by the extremities (32.5%) and the abdomen (13.7%). Notably, the number of extremity CT scans increased by 83.6% (2.3/1000 to 4.2/1000), and its proportion as compared to other scans increased from 25.3% to 37.7%. Conclusion CT scans in the pediatric population increased continuously from 2012 to 2017 at an annual rate of 4.4%. Therefore, physicians should balance the benefits of CT with its potential harms from associated radiation exposure in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2010

Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation have been noted to occur progressively in the throwing shoulders of baseball pitchers. The purpose of this study was to provide descriptive data for terminal range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist shoulder muscle strength in collegiate baseball pitchers with humeral head retroversion diagnosed through MRI. The dominant and non-dominant shoulders of 9 asymptomatic baseball pitchers were tested through a range of 20 degrees of external rotation to 90 degrees of internal rotation using the Biodex system 3 isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of $90^{\circ}/s$ and $180^{\circ}/s$. Differences between the dominant and non-dominant shoulders were assessed using the paired samples t-test. Total range of motion, measured at $90^{\circ}$ of glenohumeral abduction, was $180.1^{\circ}$ for dominant shoulders and $183.7^{\circ}$ for non-dominant shoulders. Humeral head retroversion measured $47.6{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$ in dominant and $37.8{\pm}5.3^{\circ}$ in non-dominant extremities. The mean internal rotator concentric contraction (IR-Con) showed a significant difference compared to $31.5{\pm}5.1$ (Nm) in dominant and $38.7{\pm}5.2$ (Nm) in non-dominant shoulders at $180^{\circ}/s$ (p<0.05). The mean external rotator eccentric contraction (ER-Ecc) showed a significant difference compared to $20.3{\pm}4.7$ (Nm) in dominant and $25.1{\pm}3.7$ (Nm) in non-dominant shoulders at $90^{\circ}/s$ (p<0.05). There is a pattern of increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant extremity that significantly correlates with an increase in humeral retroversion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2011

Purpose: The radiation exposure from radioisotope at the hands and foots of radiation workers who works in PET/CT part at the department of nuclear medicine was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: From 4th August 2010 to 14th January 2011, 6 radio-technologists' radiation on hands and feet were measured. All radio-technologist have been examined around 8; morning, 12; afternoon, and 16 o'clock; evening, respectively. SPSS version 17 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The statistical significances were calculated in several ways. The radiation from both hands and feet in the Morning was lower than Afternoon and Evening. In some cases, the detected radiation showed extremely high values in data. In order to find the effect of the ${\gamma}$-ray on the hand, the estimated doses were presumably calculated, however, the exposure dose on feet were unmeasured. Conclusion: Even if the radiation exposure from the radioisotope at the hands and feet were under the limitations, it is definitely needs to prevent the radiation-contamination. Therefore, the radio-technologists need to have a proper radiation-dealing-procedure of their own, and must try to prevent a radiation exposure by themselves.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 1998

This research was designed to investigate how the exercise program affects paraplegic standing and walking employing functional electrical stimulation(FES). Emphasis was also given to fatigue of major lower extremity muscles induced by different types of electrical stimulation. We applied continuous and intermittent rectangular pulse trains to quadriceps of 10 normal subjects and 4 complete paraplegic patients. The frequencies were 20Hz and 80Hz, and the knee angle was fixed at 90$^{\circ}$and 150$^{\circ}$to investigate how muscle fatigue is related to muscle length. The knee extensor torque was measured and monitored. We have been training quadriceps and gastrocnemius of a male paraplegic patient by means of electrical stimulation for the past two year. FES standing was initiated when the knee extensors became strong enough to support the body weight, and then the patient started FES walking utilizing parallel bars and a walker. We used an 8-channel constant-voltage stimulator and surface electrodes. The experimental results indicated that paralyzed muscles fatigued rapidly around the optimal length contrary to normal muscles and confirmed that low frequency and intermittent stimulation delayed fatigue. Our exercise program increased muscle force by approximately 10 folds and decreased the fatigue index to half of the initial value. In addition, the exercise enabled the patient to voluntarily lift each leg up to 10cm, which was of great help to the swing phase of FES walking. Both muscle force and resistance to fatigue were significantly enhanced right after the exercise was applied every day instead of 6 days a week. Up to date, the patient can walk for more than two and half minutes at 10m/min while controlling the on/off time of the stimulator by pushing the toggle switch attached to the walker handle.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.590-599
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• 1996

Background : Bronchial artery embolization has been established as an effective means to control hemoptysis, especially in patients with decreased pulmonary function and those with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the effect of arterial embolization in immediate control of massive hemoptysis and investigated the clinical and angiographic characteristics and the course of patients with reccurrent hemoptysis after initial succeseful embolization. Another purpose of this study was to find predictive that cause rebleeding after bronchial artery embolization. Method : We reviewed 47 cases that underwent bronchial artery embolization for the management of massive hemoptysis, retrospectively. We analyzed angiographic findings in all cases before bronchial artery embolization and also reviewed the angiographic findings of patients that underwent additional bronchial artery embolization for the control of reccurrent hemoptysis to find the clauses of rebleeding. Results : 1) Underlying causes of hemoptysis were pulmonary tuberculosis(n=35), bronchiectasis(n=5), aspergilloma(n=2), lung cancer(n=2), pulmonary A-V malformation(n=1), and unknown cases(n=2). 2) Overal immediate success rate was 94%(n=44), an6 recurrence rate was 40%(n=19). 3) The prognostic factors such as bilaterality, systemic-pulmonary artery shunt, multiple feeding arteries and degree of neovascularity were not statistically correlated with rebleeding tendency (p value>0.05). 4) At additional bronchial artery embolization, Revealed recannalization of previous embolized arteries were 14/18cases(78%) and the presence of new deeding arteries was 8/18cases(44%). 5) The complications(31cases, 66%) such as fever, chest pain, cough, voiding difficulty, paralytic ileus, motor and sensory change of lower extremity, atelectasis and splenic infarction were occured. Conclusion : Recannalization of previous embolized arteries is the major cause of recurrence after bronchial artery embolization. Despite high recurrence rate of hemoptysis, bronchial artery embolization for management of massive hemoptysis is a effective and saute procedure in immediate bleeding control.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of object size and reaching distance on kinematic factors of the upper limb while performing arm reaching for normal subjects. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 university students who were in D university in Busan, and the measuring tool was CMS-70P(Zebris Medizintechnik Gmbh, Germany), a three-dimensional motion analyzer. The task had six conditions. The average velocity of motion, average acceleration, maximum velocity, and the velocity definite number of movements were measured according to changes in object size(2cm, 10cm) and reaching distance(15%, 37.5%, 60%) when they performed arm reaching. The general characteristics of the subject were technical statistics. One-way ANOVA measurement was used to compare variables when the arm reaching task was performed from two object sizes to three reaching distance, and the post-test was conducted with Tukey test. In addition, an independent t-test was used to analyze the kinematic differences according to the two object sizes at three reaching distances. A two-way ANOVA measurement (3×2 Two-way ANOVA measurement) was performed to identify the interaction of the reaching distance(15%, 37.5%, 60%) and the object size(2cm, 10cm). The statistical significance level α was set to .05. Results : When the size of the object increased, the velocity and maximum velocity also increased, but the definite number of velocity decreased. When the reaching distance increased, the velocity and maximum velocity increased, whereas the definite number of velocity decreased. Conclusion : The clinical significance of this study could be utilized as the baseline data for grading object size and reaching distances when the reaching training is implemented for patients whose central nervous system was damaged.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.787-792
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• 2004

Even though there well developments in various treatment techniques for acute limb ischemia, this disease is both life threatening and limb threatening. We investigated early and mid-term results of operation for acute limb ischemia with symptoms, the combined diseases, location of occlusion, complication in our patients. Material and Method: A retrospective review was conducted in 54 patients (43 men, 11 women, mean age 67.2 years) presenting with acute limb ischemia due to arterial thrombosis or embolism between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2003, initially underwent thromboembolectomy. Result: In 33 patients (61.1%) the timeinterval from the onset of symptom to admission was within 24 hours. Causes of acute limb ischemia were embolic occlusion (27.8%), native arterial thrombosis (66.7%), and bypass graft thrombosis (5.6%). The distribution of arterial occlusion location was at 8 aortoiliac (14.8%) and 43 distal to femoral (79.6%) and brachial (5.6%). Clinical categories were grade I in 64.8%, IIa in 24.1%, IIb in 7.4%, and III in 3.7%, All the patients were received embolectomy. Underlying diseases were heart disease (72.2%), hypertension (33.3%), cerebrovascular accident (16.7%) and diabetes (18.5%). History of smoking was noted in 96,3% of the cases. Mortality rate was 5.6％ and overall amputation rate was 9.3% (5/54). The 1-year limb salvage rate was 93.62%. Postoperative complications were 1 wound infection, 1 G1 bleeding, 3 acute renal failure, and 1 compartment syndromes. The functional outcomes of the salvaged limb according to the recommended scale for gauging changes in clinical status, revised version in 1997 were +3 in 68.5%, +2 in 9.3%, +1 in 7.4%, -1 in 5.6%, -2 in 3.7%, and -3 in 5.6%. Conclusion: This study revealed 5.6% mortality and the amputation rate was 9.3%. We have retrospectively shown good results from early diagnosis & early operation. To improve outcome, early diagnosis and understand the underlying diseases, prompt treatment and operation would be appreciated.