• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

In this study, the mechanisms on ultrasonication enhanced metals extraction were investigated compared with the conventional washing technique. We hypothesized the mechanisms on enhanced extraction of ultrasonication: ultrasonication increased the temperature of soil slurry and decreased average particle size of soil due to breakdown of soil aggregate. Actually, the ultrasonication increased the temperature of soil slurry to $60^{\circ}C$ in this study, and the increase in the temperature enhanced the metal extraction to 15-20% even in the conventional simple mixing. The conventional washing technique decreased average size of soil particles because of breakdown of soil aggregate, and the ultrasonication decreased the size more than that of washing. The breakdown of soil aggregate improved the contact between metals and washing agent, which enhanced the extraction of metals in the ultrasonication. Therefore, we concluded that the main mechanisms of ultrasonication are increase in the temperature and breakdown of the soil aggregate. Finally, the ultrasonicaiton increased the extractability of metals upto 40% compared to conventional washing technique.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

Effects of microwave and ultrasonication on chitin extraction time were investigated in this study. Chitin was extracted from ground crab shell by demineralization in 1.0 N HCl solution at 25$^{\circ}C$ with or without ultrasonication and deproteinization in 1.0 NaOH solution at 100$^{\circ}C$ without ultrasonication and at 70$^{\circ}C$ with ultrasonication. Microwave treatment was also used for deproteinization with 5 min heating and 5 min standing without microwave. The changes in color difference, the contents of ash, calcium and nitrogen were measured during demineralization and deproteinization. Ultrasonication of 4 hr in 1.0 N HCl solution for removal of calcium and 1.5 hr of microwave heating in 1.0 N NaOH for deproteinization corresponded to 6 hr in 0.1 N HCl and 2 hr in 1.0 N NaOH of heating at 100$^{\circ}C$ without those treatments, respectively. The data obtained showed that these treatments were effective reduction of chitin extraction time by 25${\sim}$33% for chitin preparation. The chitin obtained from these ultrasonication and microwave treatments resulted 0.55% of ash, 0.25% of calcium, 2.47% of nitrogen and 20.64% of yield ratio. Those treatments selected were also reduced the darkness development time of the chitin solution during demineralization and deproteinization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2003

Pinosylvin, a stilbenoid phytoalexin, is a health ingredient to be extracted from pine leaves. In this study, ultrasonication-assisted extraction process for manufacturing extracts with high content of pinosylvin from pine leaves was investigated. As process and system variables, ultrasonic power, sonication time and solvent ratio were selected. According to the experimental results, the effective yield of pinosylvin increased with the increase of ultrasonic power and sonication time and the decrease of solvent ratio. When the ultrasonic power of 2400 W/L was added to the solution of pulverized pine leaves of 8 g per 1 L of a solvent for 10 minutes, yield of extracts and purity, effective yield and concentration ratio of pinosylvin were 0.3166 g/g, 0.7247 mg/g, 0.2294 mg/g and 23.0, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1852-1857
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• 2014

실험은 초음파 전처리를 통한 Spirulina maxima 추출물이 기존의 열수 추출 공정과 비교하여 항산화, 항염증 효과가 증진되는지에 대한 연구를 하였다. 낮은 세포 독성을 통해 안정성을 확보하였으며, 항염증성 효과를 증진시키기 위한 항산화 효능에서는 DPPH의 경우 약 50% 정도 이상의 효능을 보였다. Flavonoid 함량에서는 열수 추출물보다 초음파 공정을 거친 추출물은 10% 정도의 함량 증가를 보였으며, total phenol에서도 함량의 증가를 확인하였다. 또한 이 결과로 일반 천연물보다 항산화능이 좋을 뿐 아니라 독성도 낮은 결과를 얻어 S. maxima의 뛰어난 효능을 입증하였다. 항염증 효과의 경우 NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-6 생성량을 확인한 결과 3가지 생성량 모두 열수 추출물보다 초음파 공정을 통하여 항염증 효능의 증대를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 초음파 공정을 이용해 낮은 온도에서 활성물질들의 파괴가 없을뿐더러 초음파의 높은 에너지로 인하여 더 많은 활성물질들을 추출하여 효능들의 증대로 보이며, 초음파 공정 전처리를 통하여 S. maxima의 두꺼운 세포벽을 효과적으로 파쇄하여 생리활성 물질의 추출이 효과적으로 진행되어 항산화능이 증가하게 되고, 항산화능의 증가로 항염증 효능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 이 실험 결과들을 바탕으로 S. maxima의 활성 증진 및 기능성 식품으로의 개발에 적용될 것이라고 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Gastrodia elata Blume (Chunma) belongs to Orchidaceae, which is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant and grows in the woods of the central provinces of China, Korea and Japan. Recently, the constituents of the tubers of this plant have been investigated by researchers who have revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including gastrodin as a major constituent, together with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin, 4,4-dihydroxybenzyl sulfoxide, vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, beta-sitosterol, organic acids and polysaccharides, etc. In this study, we used ultrasonicator and two kinds of enzymes for enhancement of extraction yield. We also used electronic nose for the aroma pattern analysis of Chunma extracts. The concentrations of glucose and functional constituents (gastrodin, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) were measured by biochemistry analyzer and HPLC, respectively. Therefore, we showed that the yield of extraction was increased and discomfortable odor was reduced.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2018

미세조류의 세포벽을 파쇄하여 지질을 추출하는 과정은 에너지를 많이 소비하는 과정으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이러스 감염을 통한 미세조류의 세포벽 파쇄 및 지질 추출법의 효율을 현재 사용되고 있는 마이크로파와 초음파를 이용한 추출법의 효율과 비교하였다. 바이러스 감염을 이용한 지질 생산율은 초음파 및 마이크로파의 생산율과 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 같은 양의 지질을 낮은 에너지와 비용으로 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 클로렐라 바이러스 감염에 의한 미세조류 지질 추출법을 대량 생산 시설에 적용 시 바이오 디젤 생산 비용을 절감할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

Skin anti-wrinkle activities of the stems and leaves of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were evaluated by the extracts obtained from various extraction processes such as using hot water at $100^{\circ}C$, 70% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$, and 70% ethanol with ultrasonication at $60^{\circ}C$ The ultrasonicated extract showed 95.62% of the highest cell viability in addition of $0.3mg/m{\ell}$ of the extracts into the normal human fibroblast cell, CCD-986sk. For antioxidant activities, the extracts using ultrasonicated extract showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging as 80.27%, followed by 75.88% and 62.44% for the extracts using ethanol extract and water extract. The ultrasonicated extract also showed the highest elastase inhibition activity as 25.32%, compared to ethanol extract and water extract based method at 22.01% and 12.88%, respectively. MMP-1 production was most effectively decreased down to $2908.1pg/m{\ell}$ with ultrasonicated extract while $6640.8pg/m{\ell}$ with water extract and $3609.3pg/m{\ell}$ with ethanol extract, in addition of $0.3mg/m{\ell}$. Collagen production was increased up to $154.7ng/m{\ell}$ in addition of ultrasonicated extract, and followed by $121.4ng/m{\ell}$ and $31.2ng/m{\ell}$ for ethanol extract and water extract, respectively. These results indicate that the ethanol extract should have skin anti-wrinkling activities and can be improved by the ultrasonication process that high energy input elute more amounts of bioactive substances eluting more amounts of bioactive substances from the high energy input of ultrasonication.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate the effect of pretreatment method on lipid extraction from Enteromorpha intestinalis using physical, thermo-chemical, and enzymatic process such as ultrasonication, high temperature treatment, freezing, microwave irradiation, osmotic shock, pH shock, homogenizing, and enzymatic treatment. In pretreatment with separated lipid extraction, the high extraction yield was obtained by high temperature treatment ($121^{\circ}C$ for 5 min) with 0.1 N HCl, which is 1.4 times higher than that of control. In pretreatment with direct lipid extraction, the high extraction yields were obtained by 0.1 N HCl pretreatment, microwave irradiation (700W, 1 min with twice), and 10% NaCl pretreatment, which is 1.45 times higher than that of control. In the result of enzymatic pretreatment with 17 kinds of enzymes, Cellic CTec II showed the high extraction yield of 5.3%, and which is 1.9 times higher than that of control. Moreover, the extraction yield was increased by the increase of enzyme amounts. In 10% enzyme amount, about 5.8% yield was obtained.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2001

Analytical method of benzophenone (BP) in sediment and soil was developed by gas chromatography/mass selective detector/selected ion monitoring (GC/MSD/SIM). The ultrasonic extraction of US EPA (method 3550B) method and liquid-liquid extraction for sediment and soil samples were used for the analysis of BP from sediment and soil. BP was extracted with n-hexane. Organic layer was washed with 5% sodium chloride solution. 1∼2 l of the concentrated solution of organic layer was applied to GC/MSD. The retention time of BP peak was 11.10 min. Recovery (％) of BP by ultrasonication from sediment and soil samples was 96.0∼100.6％ and 40.0∼83.0％, respectively. Recovery of BP by liquid-liquid extraction was 51∼59％ in soil samples. The detection limit of BP in sediment and soil samples were determined to 0.1 ng/g.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1116-1123
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• 2020

Velvet antler (VA) is a historically traditional medicinal supplement and is well known in Asian countries for its pharmaceutical and health benefits. The objectives for this study were to optimize the hot water extraction (HWE) of VA for the Korean VA industry, and to determine the most effective pretreatment method among microwave (MW), ultrasonication (US), and enzymatic (EZ) techniques. Using response surface methodology, optimum extraction temperatures and times were determined by central composite design configuration based on extraction yield and sialic acid content. Various quality parameters of VA extract including yield, soluble solid, protein, and sialic acid contents were also compared with the conjunction of HWE and pretreatment. The yield and sialic acid content of VA extract were determined to be 40% and 0.73 mg/g, respectively, under an optimum temperature of 100℃ at 24 h of extraction time. The yields from VA extracts pretreated with MW, US, and EZ were 17.42%, 19.73%, and 29.15%, respectively. Among the tested commercial enzymes, pepsin was the most effective proteolytic enzyme and led to the highest yield (47.65%), soluble solids (4.03 °brix), protein (1.12 mg/ml), and sialic acid (3.04 mg/ml) contents from VA extract.