• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.893-914
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• 1999

Tooth mobility may be the decisive factor that determines whether dental treatment of any kind is undertaken. Although tooth mobility in isolation says little in itself, the finding of increased tooth mobility is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Only the detection of an increase or decrease in mobility makes an evaluation possible. Thus prior to treatment, we must understand the pathologic process causing the observed the tooth mobility and decide whether the pattern and degree of observed tooth mobility is reversible or irreversible. And then it must be decided whether retention and treatment or extraction and replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time period during root planing and flap operation and to relate changes in mobility to each treatment method. Twenty-one patients (287 teeth) with chronic adult periodontitis were treated with root planing(control group) and flap operation(experimental group), and each group was divided 3 subgroups based upon initial probing pocket depth (1-3mm, 4-6mm, 7mm and more). Tooth mobility was measured with $Periotest^{(R)}$ at the day of operation, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after each treatment. Tooth mobility, attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and bleeding on probing were measured at the day of operation, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 1. In group initial probing depth was 1-3mm, tooth mobility had no significant difference after root planing and flap operation. 2 . In group initial probing depth was 4-6mm, 7mm and more, tooth mobility had decreased in 12 weeks after root planing(p<0.01). And the mobility had increased after flap operation(p<0.01) and was at peak in 1 week, and decreased at initial level in 4 weeks, below the initial level in 12 weeks(p<0.01). 3. In 1 week, significant difference in tooth mobility between control and experimental group was found(p<0.01) but, in 12 weeks no difference between two groups was found. 4. Change of immediate tooth mobility after treatment was more larger in deep pocket than in shallow one. In group with the same probing pocket depth, the change of tooth mobility in molar group was greater than that of premolar group. 5. Tooth mobility before treatment was more strongly correlated with radiographic bone loss (r=0.5325) than probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing, in 12 weeks after treatment, was more strongly correlated with attachment loss($r^2$=0.4761) than probing depth and bleeding on probing. Evaluation of the treatment effect and the prognosis after root planing and flap operation were meaningful on tooth initial probing depth 4mm and more. After flap operation, evaluation of the prognosis should be performed at least in 4 weeks and in 12 weeks after treatment, no difference in tooth mobility between two groups was observed. Radiographic bone loss and attachment loss were good clinical indicators to evaluate tooth mobility.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2009

밀가루의 농약잔류허용기준설정에 필수자료인 밀의 제분공정에 따른 농약의 가공계수를 산출하기 위하여 실시하였다. 이번 연구를 위해 밀에 대한 농약 연간사용량과 검출이력이 있는 azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifus, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, malathion, trichlorfon를 대상농약으로 선정하였다. 밀에 이들 농약을 밀의 잔류허용기준 수준 정도로 침투시키기 위하여 농약을 첨가된 침지액에 침지하는 방법을 선택하였으며 제분은 pilot plant system에서 수행하였다. 가공계수는 가공 전 밀과 가공 후의 밀가루 및 부산물의 농약잔류량을 분석하여 각 농약 잔류량을 나누어 산출하였다. 분석결과, 밀가루의 가공계수는 각각 azinphos-methyl 0.05, chlorpyrifos 0.06, chlorpyrifos-methyl 0.05, fenitrothion 0.07, malathion 0.07, trichlorfon 0.06이었다. 또한, 분석법 검증을 위해 회수율 실험을 실시하였으며 회수율은 $93.2{\sim}98.6%$, 표준편차는 $0.1{\sim}0.9%$이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 밀 시료에서 면역친화컬럼을 이용한 HPLC분석법으로 데옥시니발레놀을 분석함에 있어서 발생될 수 있는 측정 불확도를 GUM 지침에 따라 산정하였다. 분석과정에서의 불확도 요인은 시료량 측정, 최종 시료부피, 보관표준용액, 작업표준용액, 표준용액, 기기, 매질, 검량선 작성으로 구분하였다. 불확도 요인의 구성요인은 저울의 안정성, 분해능, 재현성, 표준물질의 순도, 분자량, 농도, 표준용액 희석, 검량선, 회수율 및 분석기기의 재현성 등이 작용하였다. 공시료에 데옥시니발레놀 300 ${\mu}g/kg$을 첨가하여 분석한 결과 $255.29{\pm}71.62$ ${\mu}g/kg$으로 측정되었다. 확장불확도는 합성표준불확도 35.81 ${\mu}g/kg$에 포함인자(k=2, 신뢰수준 95%)를 곱하여 산출하였다. 밀에서 데옥시니발레놀을 분석함에 있어 불확도에 영향을 주는 주요인자는 시료의 회수율과 검량선 작성인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 밀 시료에서 데옥시니발레놀 분석의 정밀성을 높이기 위해서는 회수율과 검량선 작성에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 면역친화컬럼에 의한 시료의 정제과정과 표준물질의 희석과정에 주의를 기울이고 주기적으로 마이크로피펫을 교정하는 등 세심한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1107-1113
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• 2012

동양에서 한약 재료로 사용되는 칡(Pueraria thunbergiana)은 항산화, 항균효과 및 골다공증 치료 등의 다양한 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀지고 있지만, 생태학적으로는 산림생태계를 파괴하는 종으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 칡의 면역학적 효과를 검증하여 유용한 자원으로 활용하는데 목적이 있다. 칡 추출물을 이용하여 생쥐 비장에 있는 면역세포 활성화 작용을 실험한 결과, 칡 추출물은 첫째, 농도 의존적으로 생쥐 비장세포의 증식 유도하였으며 IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$의 cytokine 생산을 증가시켰다. 둘째, 특히 비장세포 중 칡 추출물은 B세포를 자극하여 세포증식 및 IgM의 생산을 증가시켰다. 셋째, 대식세포주의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, 또 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 및 IL-$1{\beta}$의 cytokine 분비를 유도하였다. 이상의 실험 결과, 본 실험에서 사용한 칡 추출물은 B세포와 대식세포 같은 면역세포의 증식과 각종 사이토카인을 생산을 유도하기 때문에, 면역반응을 조절하는 성분이 포함되어 있는 것으로 생각되며 특히, 아세톤 추출물이 물 추출물에 비하여 효과적이었다. 따라서 추가적인 실험을 통해, 면역반응을 조절하는 성분을 분리 정제하여 그 특성을 명확히 규명한다면, 각종 의약품이나 건강식품을 개발할 수 있는 원재료로서 칡을 이용할 수 있으며, 부수적으로 산림생태계에 복원에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 동시 형광분광법과 GC/FID법을 이용하여 폐윤활유 시료 중의 PAHs를 acetonitrile 용매로 추출하여 정량분석 하였다. 동시 형광분광법을 이용하여 7종의 PAHs, 즉 acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthrene (Fl) 및 perlyrene (Per)을 분석하였다. 이들 성분의 검정선은 모두 0.4~166 ppb(상관계수; 0.9985~0.9999)의 범위에서 직선을 보였다. 다른 8종의 PAHs를 GC법으로 분석하기 위한 검량선은 10.0 ppm 표준용액을 사용하였고, split ratio를 10에서부터 100까지 변화시킬 때에 발생되는 peak 면적을 이용하여 작성하였다. 검출감도는 동시 형광분광법이 GC법보다 적어도 100배 이상 우수하였다. 폐윤활유 시료 중의 총 PAHs 함량은 LNG(버스)와 LPG(택시)의 폐윤활유에서 각각 5.5 ng/g과 10.5 ng/g의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 가솔린을 사용하는 일반승용차, 경유를 사용하는 승합차 및 트레일러의 폐윤활에서 각각 92.2 ng/g, 92.6 ng/g 및 130.3 ng/g 등이 측정되어 경유를 사용하는 대형트레일러에서 가장 많은 양이 발생됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2002

자연에서 일어나는 지질작용과 환경변화는 지표 지질물질 내 원소의 존재량에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이 연구에서는 지구화학적 이상현상이 지질기원인지 인위적 요인에 의한 것인지를 판별해 내는 데에 지구통계 .기법을 적용할 수 있는지를 검증하였다. 경기도 전역의 2,290개 1-2차 수계에서 채취한 하천퇴적물(표사, <150 $\mu\textrm{m}$)의 분석결과를 바탕으로, 역거리 가중 보간법으로 광역 지구화학 지도를 작성하였다 지구통계 기법을 검증하기 위해 경기도 남동부에 저반상으로 분포하는 쥬라기 화강암체를 표본지역으로 선정하여, 445개 집수분지를 대표하는 하천퇴적물 시료의 22가지 원소에 대해 요인분석을 하였다. CO, Cf, SC, MgO, Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$, V, Ni 등이 서로 상관도가 높은 그룹으로 구분되며, 이들의 낮은 함랑은 화강암의 전암 조성에서의 결핍 특성을 잘 반영한다. Co, Cr, Sc을 각각 종속변수로, 이들 외 다른 6가지 성분을 독립변수로 설정하여 회귀분석을 실시하여, 회귀식으로 계산된 값을 바탕으로 분포도를 작성하였다. 회귀식으로 만든 분포도는 각 변수의 본래 분석치로 나타낸 분포도와 매우 유사한 패턴을 보인다 이와 같이 두 가지 분포도가 유사한 것은 회귀분석에 의한 통계기법이 광역적인 지구화차 자료를 해석하는 데에 타당성을 가짐을 말해 준다. 그러나, 일부 성분에서 두 가지 분포도에서 이상대 영역이 서로 일치하지 않는 경우도 있는데, 이는 기반암의 화학조성과는 무관한 이타 요인에 기인할 가능성이 크다 결론적으로, 회귀분석에 의한 지구통계기법을 적용하여, 국지적인 지구화학적 이상현상이 지질기원이 아닌 인위적인 영향에 기인한 것인지를 효과적으로 판별해 낼 수 있는 것으로 검증되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of head and neck cancer. MicroRNAs, as new biomarkers, are recommended for diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers. Bevacizumab, sold under the trade name Avastin, is a humanized whole monoclonal antibody that targets and blocks VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A; angiogenesis) and oncogenic signaling pathways. Materials and Methods: This study comprised 50 cases suffering from OSCC and 50 healthy participants. Peripheral blood samples were collected in glass test tubes, and RNA extraction was started immediately. Expression levels of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 biomarkers in the peripheral blood of OSCC-affected individuals and healthy volunteers in vivo were evaluated using real-time PCR. The influence of Avastin on the expression levels of the aforementioned biomarkers in vitro and in the HN5 cell line was also investigated. Results: Expression levels of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 in the peripheral blood of individuals affected by OSCC were higher than in those who were healthy. Moreover, Avastin at a concentration of 400 μM caused a decrease in the expression levels of the three biomarkers and a 1.5-fold, 3.5-fold, and 4-fold increase in apoptosis in the test samples compared to the controls in the HN5 cell line after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that overexpression of miR-155, miR-191, and miR-494 is associated with OSCC, and Avastin is able to regulate and downregulate the expression of those biomarkers and increase apoptosis in cancerous cells in the HN5 cell line.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권sup2호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2008

Purpose: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was associated with localized aggressive periodontitis, endocarditis, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of A. actinomycetemcomitans was considered as a key factor of these diseases is composed of five open reading frames (ORFs). Among of them, An enzymatic subunit of the CDT, CdtB has been known to be internalized into the host cell in order to induce its genotoxic effect. However, CdtB can not be localized in host cytoplasm without the help of a heterodimeric complex consisting of CdtA and CdtC. So, some studies suggested that CdtC functions as a ligand to interact with GM3 ganglioside of host cell surface. The precise role of the CdtC protein in the mechanism of action of the holotoxin is unknown at the present time. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant CdtC proteins expression from A. actinomycetemcomitans, through gene cloning and protein used to investigate the function of Cdt C protein in the bacterial pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: The genomic DNA of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (ATCC29522) was isolated using the genomic DNA extraction kit and used as template to yield cdtC genes by PCR. The amplifed cdtC genes were cloned into T-vector and cloned cdt C gene was then subcloned to pET28a expression vector. The pET28a-cdtC plasmid expressed in BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli system. Diverse conditons were tested to opitimize the expression and purification of functional CdtC protein in E. coli. Results: In this study we reconstructed CdtC subunit of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and comfirmed the recombinant CdtC expression by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting. The expression level of the recombinant CdtC was about 2% of total bacterial proteins. Conclusion: The lab condition of procedure for the purification of functionally active recombinant CdtC protein is established. The active recombinant CdtC protein will serve to examine the role of CdtC proteins in the host recognition and enzyme activity of CDT and investigate the pathological process of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-286
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• 1997

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-${\beta}$)-related factors and multifunctional proteins, especially the only known biologic factors capable of inducing endochondral bone formation at an extraskeletal site. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the partially purified porcine BMP(pBMP) at an ectopic site. PBMP was partially purified from porcine bone matrix and its activity was monitored by an in vivo bioassay. The purification method utilized extraction of the bone-inducing activity with 4M guanidine, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Active fractions were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. And the fractions were reconstituted with inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix from rats, acid soluble type I collagen from rat tail and chondroitin-6-sulfate sodium salt and implanted into the pectroralis muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats. And the carrier complex was implanted on the opposite side as control. The rats were sacrificed at the day of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st after implantation and examined histologically, radiologically and biochemically. And alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were used as indices of bone formation. The results were as follows ; 1. Active fractions were localized in a zone between 31 and 40 KDa on SDS-PAGE. 2. The implanted 3.0mg of the partially purified pBMP induced cartilage and bone in the muscle tissue of rats through an endochondral ossification process. 3. Inactive insoluble bone matrix, type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate have functioned as carriers for pBMP, but revealed some foreign body reactions. 4. Soft X-ray didn't reveal significant change between the experimental and the control group. 5. The alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group of 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01) with the peak in the group of 11th day. 6. With time, the calcium content of the experimental group increased. And the calcium contents in the experimental group of 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01).