• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2015

This paper deals with a theoretical method to calculate natural frequencies of a fixed-free rectangular tank partially in contact with an outer water gap. Orthogonal polynomials satisfying the boundary conditions of the tank are used as admissible functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method. A quarter model of the liquid-coupled system is constructed and it is simplified to a line supported flat plate in contact with the liquid. The liquid displacement potential functions satisfying the Laplace equation and water boundary conditions are derived, and the finite Fourier transform is accomplished in conjunction with the compatibility requirement along the contacting interfaces between the tank and water. An eigenvalue problem is derived so that the natural frequencies of the wet rectangular tank can be extracted. The predictions from the proposed analytical method show good agreement with the finite element analysis results.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.978-984
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• 2009

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 9 quinolones (QNs) in porcine, chicken, and bovine muscles was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (LC-FLD). The samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) process. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse phase $C_8$ column with a gradient elution using a mobile phase of 200 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (ACN). The proposed method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline for bioanalytical assay procedures. Recoveries of QNs were 83.1-111.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15%. Linearity within a range of 30-500 ${\mu}g/kg$ was obtained with the correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of 0.9967-0.9999. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1-16 ${\mu}g/kg$. These values were lower than the maximum residues limits (MRLs) established by the European Union (EU). The present method was successfully applied to determine QNs in edible muscles.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2002

We analysed mutation of ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor gene that controls bronchial asthma by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) according to ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC). We extracted genomic DNA from 50 asthma patients, amplified DNA using PCR, and analysed PCR product by DHPLC. As a result, we obtained that mutation frequency was 15 (30%) among 50 cases. Consequently DHPLC mutation detection was confirmed that the result of direct sequencing was coincide exactly.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

This study was carried to investigate the effects of steaming and four different drying methods on the longitudinal liquid permeability of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) board. Four drying methods were air drying, conventional kiln drying, microwave-vacuum drying and high temperature drying. Darcy equation was used for calculating the specific permeability of the small sapwood specimens taken from the treated boards while capillary rising method was used for the heartwood specimens. The sapwood specimens were extracted with water and benzene-alcohol solution to examine the mechanism of liquid flow in treated wood. No significant correlation was found between specific permeability and the number of resin canals of the sapwood specimens. Extraction decreased the differences of specific permeabilities of the sapwood specimens between the five treatment methods. The effects of extraction on the longitudinal permeability are different between five treatments. The fluid path in heartwood was observed by dynamic observation method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 1998

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of DA-6034 in biological fluids using internal standard. Plasma containing DA-6034 and inter nal standard was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction at an acidic pH. After evaporation of the organic layer, the drug and internal standard were reconstituted with mobile phase and injected into the column. They were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on inertsil ODS II column at 334 nm. The detection limit of DA-6034 in plasma was 0.02 ${\mu}$g/ml. In this method, the range of recovery and coefficients of variation were 96-110% and 0.40-3.78%, respectively. There was no interference from endogenous substances. Urine and bile were analysed using the deproteinization method and the detection limit of DA-6034 was 1${\mu}$g/l.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.606-611
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• 2003

Byakangelicin, 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7H- furo[3,2-g][l]benzopyran-7-one (BKG), a component of Angelicae dahuricae Radix, is considered to be an inhibitor of aldose reductase for the treatment of diabetic cataract. An analytical method for the isolation of BKG developed by high-performance liquid chromatography has been reported. No literature on the metabolism of BKG, however, has been found. With the purpose of identifying new metabolites of BKG, BKG (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats via a gavage. Using a metabolic cage, urine was collected for 24 h, and the urine samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. For structural identification of new urinary metabolites of BKG, various instrumental analyses were conducted by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy with thermospray interface and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two metabolites produced from the Ο-demethylation or Ο-dealkylation of BKG were newly identified, and another new but unknown metabolite was assumed to be the hydroxylated form of BKG. These results indicate that the major metabolic products of BKG are formed by Ο-demethylation or Ο-dealkylation of BKG side chains.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.337-343
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• 2009

This study systematically investigated a method for extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by ultrasonic treatment. Compared to pigments productivity and cell wall structures of safflower after general and ultrasonic method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments due to destruction of safflower cell wall caused by high vibration energies. Microscopic analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the ultrasonic treatment of safflower caused its cell wall structure loosened and made efficient extraction of safflower pigments. And also, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that productivities of the yellow and red safflower pigments by ultrasonic method were 21.9% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of pigments extracted by general method. The ultrasonic extracted yellow and red colorants could be used to dye not only natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool, but also synthetic fiber like nylon, and generally gave a better color tone than the general extracted colorants from safflower due to the affinities of red and yellow colorant on different fibers. As the yellow and red colorant were extracted by ultrasonic treatment in water, the K/S value on of 550/440nm of cotton and rayon was increased but in the case of silk and wool the change of this value was almost not detected. Finally, this technique might provide a solution to establish reproducibility and standardization for the extraction and dyeing methods on fabrics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.3_4
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• pp.181-186
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• 1979

A high performance liquid chromatograpic procedure is described for determining ginseng saponins such as ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1, and-Rg2. Ginseng saponins extracted with 90% methanol and water-saturated butanol were compared with pure standard ginsenosides. The resolution of the saponins was satisfactory and detection limit for each saponin was about 5.mu.g. Separation of the saponins was accomplished using a .mu. Bondapak carbohydrate analysis column, mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-butanol (80:20:15) and differential refractive index (RI) detector. The reproducibility and the recovery were also studied. This method was applied for determining the saponin contents of several parts of leaf, fresh ginseng, white ginseng, and red ginseng.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.25-27
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• 1993

Multiphase equilibrium-based processes for separation and purification generally utilize dispersed systems in which one phase is dispersed in the other as bubbles or drops or thin films. Using microporous membranes, novel techniques have been developed such that multiphase processes can now be carried out in a nondispersive fashion for gas-liquid (Sirkar, 1992) and liquid-liquid (Prasad and Sirkar, 1992) contacting processes. Among such processes, only nondispersive solvent extraction of pollutants using microporous membranes will be of concern here. These processes employ immobilized immiscible phase interfaces at the pore mouths in a microporous membrane. Through such interfaces, solutes are extracted into the solvent as two immiscible phases flow on two sides of a microporous membrane. Many advantages of such a technique over conventional dispersion-based extractors have been summarized (Prasad and Sirkar, 1992).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.463-471
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• 2018

The present paper deals with the liquid-liquid extraction and flat sheet supported liquid membrane studies of Pd(II) separation from nitric acid medium using a novel synthesized ligand, namely, N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-2,2-thiodiethanthiodiglycolamide (TETEDGA). The effect of various diluents and stripping reagents on the extraction of Pd(II) was studied. The liquid-liquid extraction studies showed complete extraction of Pd(II) in ~ 5 min. The influence of nitric acid and TETEDGA concentration on the distribution of Pd(II) has been investigated. The increase in nitric acid concentration resulted in increase in extraction of Pd(II). Stoichiometry of the extracted species was found to be $Pd(NO_3)_2{\cdot}TETEDGA$ by slope analysis method. Extraction studies with SSCD solution showed negligible uptake of Pt, Cr, Ni, and Fe, thus showing very high selectivity and extractability of TETEDGA for Pd(II). The flat sheet supported liquid membrane studies showed quantitative transport of Pd(II), ~99%, from the feed ($3M\;HNO_3$) to the strippant (0.02 M thiourea diluted in $0.4M\;HNO_3$) using 0.01 M TETEDGA as a carrier diluted in n-dodecane. Extraction time was ~160 min. Parameters such as feed acidity, TETEDGA concentration in membrane phase, membrane porosity etc. were optimized to achieve maximum transport rate. Permeability coefficient value of $2.66{\times}10^{-3}cm/s$ was observed using TETEDGA (0.01 M) as carrier, at 3 M, $HNO_3$ feed acidity across $0.2{\mu}m$ PTFE as membrane. The membrane was found to be stable over five runs of the operation.