• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2010

The active components in a plant extract can be represented as mass profiles. We introduce here a new, multi-compound discovery method known as Scaling of Correlations between Activity and Mass Profiles (SCAMP). In this method, a correlation coefficient is used to quantify similarities between the extract activity and mass profiles. The method was evaluated by first measuring the anti-oxidation activity of eleven fractions of an Astragali Radix extract using DPPH assays. Next, 15 T Fouriertransform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS was employed to generate mass profiles of the eleven fractions. A comparison of correlation coefficients indicated two compounds at m/z 285.076 and 286.076 that were strong antioxidants. Principal component analyses of these profiles yielded the same result. FT-ICR MS, which offers a mass resolving power of 500,000, was used to discern isotopic fine structures and indicated that the molecular formula corresponding to the peak at m/z 285.076 was $C_{16}H_{13}O_5$. SCAMP in combination with high-resolution MS can be applied to any type of mixture to study pharmacological activity and is a powerful tool for active compound discovery in plant extract studies.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.2 s.89
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• pp.192-197
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate anti-microbial activity of soybean extract against oral microbes, and to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for microbes causing oral diseases. The soybean extract was prepared using ethyl acetate and it was treated with 16 types of oral microbes at a concentration of 5.00 mg/ml (0.5%). The MIC of soybean extract for three major microbes causing oral diseases was determined. The anti-microbial activity and MIC were measured using broth dilution method. Significant reduction of microbial activities of 9 types oral microbes when the soybean extract was added to the broth compared to the control (p<0.01). The extract showed higher anti-microbial activity against some anaerobic strains (P. gingivalis and P. intermieia). S. mutans, which causes dental caries, showed MIC at a concentration of 40 mg/ml for the soybean extract. P. gingivalis, which causes adult periodontal disease, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. C. albicans, which causes denture stomatitis and angular stomatitis, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. These results indicate that soybean extract showed anti-microbial effort against 9 types of oral microbes, and the anti-microbial effect of the extract against oral microbes was stronger against fungi than against bacteria. The anti-microbial mechanism of soybean extract against oral microbes should be investigated, and more research for clinical application is required at a level of actual intake.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1981

For bioassay of the various extracts of ginseng, the growth determination method using Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was cultured with various doses of the extracts, was studied The water extract, Powder. and ethanol extract were more effective (about 45∼ 110% increase) than saponins or its fractions (about 20∼35% increase). The cold methanol residue showed a increase effect but it was not significant. The bioassay curves for the water extract, ethanol extract, the butanol extracted saponins and the cold methanol- residue were made from the experimental data. From these curves it is possible to find the relation between dose and effectiveness and the optimal doses of various ginseng extracts, and the amount of extract in a sample can be estimated The .angers of sample amount were 0.01% (100ppm) ∼0.32% (3200ppm) fo. the water extract, 0.025% (150ppm)∼0.1% (1000ppm) for the ethanol extract, and 0.008% (80ppm)∼0.016% (160ppm) for the saponins. It was impossible to determine the range for the cold methanol- residue, The acceleration effects on the cell proliferation by a only 0.0008% (8ppm) of the diol- and triol-saponin were measurable in earlier Period (24 hour treatment).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2006

Objectives : To find out more pharmacologically efficient way of extraction of herbal dicoction, Gamichungsangbohatang (GMCSBHT). Methods : Several main components of GMCSBHT was compared and analysed between hot water extract of GMCSBHT and Alcohol(70% ethanol) extract of GMCSBHT via HPLC method. Results : Hot water extract of GMCSBHT showed relatively more component content than ethanol extract of GMCSBHT. Also weighted mean of main components of hot water extraction of GMCSBHT was higher than that of alcohol extract of GMCSBHT. But from chromatographic pattern analysis of matching ratio and similarity ratio showed that these two forms of extracts might have different chemical composition, and 3D PDA plot of alcohol extract of GMCSBHT showed high peaks near UV $190{\sim}220nm$ which was invisible in hot water extract of GMCSBHT. Conclusion : Alcohol extract of GMCSBHT may have some special components which do not exist in hot water extract of GMCSBHT.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The extraction efficiency depending on the extracting methods and the conditions of extraction was investigated. The common steam extraction was compared to the distillation extraction method. The effects of the samples size and the extraction time on the extract yield were also investigated by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. One of the functional components of pine needle extract as the natural phenol base components were detected by the UV-VIS at around 235 nm wavelength range. The absorbance intensity at around 235 nm wavelength of the pine needle extract was used as the indicator of the extraction efficiency in this experiment. The distillation extraction showed the higher extract yield than the steam extraction. The grinding treatment of pine needles also resulted in the better extract performance, but the severe grinding showed a little decrease in the extract yield especially in case of the distillation extraction method. More than half of the extract was collected at the first stage of the extraction, that was the first 15 minutes in the total 60 minutes extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2003

This study was discussed the dyeing of wool and nylon fabrics with Chinese Scholar Tree extract. The extracts of Chinese Scholar Tree was prepared in the condition of heating at $95{\pm}5C$, for 1 hour and cooling to 40C. And then the extracts of color matter treate with vacuum concentration at $60{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 30mmHg and dried with spray dryer. The dyeing of wool and nylon fabric in this experiment was also employed the mordant dyeing method such as pre-mordant, post-mordant and simultaneous mordant method. The mordanting agents used in this study were as followings ; aluminium potassium sulfate, copper(II) acetate monohydrate, chromium potassium sulfate$.$$7H_2O$, Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, iron(II)sulfate $7H_2O$. For an evaluation of the dyeing property of the mordanting agents, the pre-mordant method, the repeat dyeing and the fastness of the light, dry cleaning, washing and rubbing measured respectively. From the results of the dye absorption, the optimum dyeing condition of the wool and nylon fabrics with Chinese Scholar Tree extract is at 80C dyeing temperature for 60 minutes. The optimum concentration of mordanting agent is Al, Cr, Sn 1%, Fe, Cu 2% solution. In general, the fastness property of the dyed wool and nylon fabrics had a comparatively high grade.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2010

This study was carried out to establish standard analytical method of Hippocastani Semen extract. Each standard analytical methods were covered for exact and efficient analytical method. Consequently, analytical method of Deutsches Arzneibuch has been adopted for Hippocastani Semen extract. Analytical methods established in this study could be applied to a reasonable and unified quality control of Hippocastani Semen extract.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

Objectives: The quorum-sensing-inhibitory and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extract of E. globulus leaves were determined against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The preliminary anti-quorum-sensing (AQS) activity of eucalyptus was investigated against a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472) by using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the methanol extract of eucalyptus on different quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors, such as swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and biofilm formation, against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and reference PA01 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the swarm diameter (mm)-measurement method, chloroform extraction method, phenol (5%)-sulphuric acid (concentrated) method, and the microtiter plate assay respectively, and the inhibition (%) in formation were calculated. Results: The preliminary AQS activity (violacein pigment inhibition) of eucalyptus was confirmed against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472). The eucalyptus extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition (%) of swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, EPS, and biofilm formation in different CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Our results revealed the effectiveness of the E. globulus extract for the regulation of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation at a reduced dose (sub-MICs) and suggest that E. globulus may be a therapeutic agent for curing and controlling bacterial infection and thereby reducing the possibility of resistance development in pathogenic strains.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 1995

Dry rehydratable film (Petrifilm) method was compared with the standard pate count (SPC) method for estimation of total bacteria in ginseng products. Ginseng products (7 sample) was analyzed for total count by the SPC, and Petrifilm methods, respectively. In the case of ginseng tea, ginseng extract, ginseng extract pill, ginseng powder capsule, and ginseng extract tea, they showed non-significant values at the 1% level. However, the values of ginseng powder and tablet showed significant at the 1% level. These results generally indicate the suitability of the dry rehydratable film methods as alternatives to the SPC method for estimating of total bacteria in ginseng product samples except to ginseng powder and ginseng tablet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2000

The volatile components of Korea ginger were compared by using different isolation methods, head-space sampling procedure(HSSP), simultaneous distillation extrction(SDE) and soild pahse micro-extractions(SPME). Sixty-one components were identified by GC-MSD in the extracts obtained from each extraction methods. However, the components identified showed a difference in their composition wit the extraction methods. In the extract by HSSP, fifty-five components including a high volatile compound such as acetaldehyde, ethylacetate, 2,3-butandione were detected, and thirty-one components were identified in the extract by SPME. While, the low volatile components such as elemol, zingiberenol and ${\beta}$-eudesmol were detected only in the extract by SDE method. The results suggest that SDE method is the best for the analysis of low volatile components, whereas HSSP is a proper method for the analysis of high volatile components from natural resources.