• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.163-175
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• 1997

This study investigated the relationship between mother's verbal control modes and children's social competency, the relationship between mother's verbal control modes and children's internal-external control, and the relationship between children's internal-external control and children's social competency. The subjects of this study were 157 boys and 144 girls attending elementary schools and their mothers in Busan. Lee's(1993) questionnaire on mother's verbal control modes, the modified version of Nowicki and Strickland's CN-SIE on internal-external control and Choi's(1992) questionnaire on social competence were used. The results were as follows: 1) The mothers control their children mostly by position-oriented mode. And mother's imperative mode for boys differed significantly from that for girls. Boys perceived mother's verbal control mode as more imperative. 2) There were significant negative correlations between mother's imperative mode and boy's social competency, between mother's imperative mode and boy's anxiety, and between mother's imperative mode and boy's internal-external control and boy's social competency, and between boy's internal-external control and boy's leadership. There were significant correlations between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's leadership, between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's, affection on parents, between mother's position-oriented mode and girl's internal-external control. There were significant negative correlations between girl's internal-external control and girl's anxiety. 3) Children's internal-external control was the predictor variable influencing on children' social competency, children's leadership. Children's sex was the predictor variable influencing on children' anxiety. And the mother's imperative mode and the mother's position-oriented mode were the predictor variables influencing on children' affection on parents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.8 s.227
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2004

In this study a MRAC(model reference adaptive control) for fluid power elevator model system was designed. The MRAC was compared with PI control in case of applying to the elevator model system with constant external load and changing external load. In this case external load was produced by a single fluid power cylinder combined with pressure control valve. In conclusion the MRAC control performance was better than PI control performance because overshoot and steady state error of the elevator model system controlled by the MRAC were not appeared for constant and changing external load.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1213-1221
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• 2007

In most case of previous research about vehicle control system, external error occurred by unexpected environmental situation was hardly considered. However, in this paper, to have more accurate position control of differential derive vehicle, we separate the error as an internal error and external error. To calculate the vehicle position in real time, we introduced the Dead-Reckoning algorithms and the simulation result show that the proposed internal and external error control system has fast and accurate position tracking with remarkable diminishment of orientation error. The results reported here can easily be extended to the control of similar type vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.9
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose an adaptive gait by which a quadruped walking robot can walk against external disturbances. This adaptive gait mechanism makes it possible for a quadruped walking robot to change its gait and accommodate external disturbances form various external environmental factors. Under the assumption that external disturbances can be converted to an external force acting on the body of a quadruped walking robot, we propose a new criterion for the stability margin of a waling robot by using an effective mass center based on the zero moment point under unknown external force. And for a solution of an adaptive gait against external disturbances, an method of altitude control and reflexive direction control is suggested. An algorithmic search method for an optimal stride of the quadruped mehtod, the gait stability margin of a quadruped walking robot is optimized in changing its direction at any instance for and after the reflexive direction control. To verify the efficiency of the proposed approach, some simulaton results are provided.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2011

This study analyzed the internal-external controls, psychological well-being and depression of mothers as factors that affect mothers's parenting style of young children. The participants were 228 mothers of preschoolers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's productive correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results showed that positive mothers parenting style had positive relationships with internal control and psychological well-being. On the other hand, positive mother's parenting style had negative relationships with external control and depression. In addition, negative mother's parenting style had positive relationships with external control and depression. On the other hand, negative mother's parenting style had no relationship with psychological well-being and internal control. Psycholobrical well-being had the strongest effect on positive mother's parenting style and external control had the strongest effect on negative mother's parenting.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.259-267
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• 2019

This paper proposes a structure of a variable impedance control system based on sensor-less external force estimator of industrial manipulators for cyber physical production systems (CPPS). To implement CPPS, a feedback system is constructed by using the robot operating system (ROS) and an external force estimator which is designed to measure the external force applied to the manipulator without a force sensor. Based on the robot dynamics, the robot-human cooperating system for the cyber physics production system is implemented through a controller that changes the impedance characteristics of the manipulator according to the situation using the external force estimator. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objective : This study is to know how the internal and external control of the elderly in care facilities affect the relational aggression's perception. Methods : I analyzed the internal and external control and the relational aggression's perception through a survey of the elderly in care facilities. For data collection, 148 of 165 questionnaires, excluding 17 questionnaires with missing questionnaire and middle-level abandonment, were used for the final analysis. Independent variables were the internal and external control, dependent variables were the relational aggression of negative and bullying behaviors, and controlled variables were general sociological characteristics of the elderly. Results : The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference internal and external control depending on the length of a care facility. Second, there were significant differences in the recognition of relational aggression depending on the level of education, the period of admission, the presence of spouses, and the level of economy. Third, there was a significant difference in comparison of relational aggression perceptions according to internal and external control. Fourth, internal and external control affected the recognition of relational aggression. Conclusion : According to the demographic characteristics, there was a difference in the internal and external control and relational aggression perception of the elderly living in the facilities, and the internal and external control affected the level of relational aggression perception of the elderly in the facilities.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.157-171
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• 2004

In this study, adolescent consumers were first classified by their consumption propensity, and different types of adolescent consumers were compared regarding their consumption behavior and allowance management. The adolescents were classified into four groups by type of control and symbol-orientation. The adolescents of the external control group possessed more commodities than the internal control group. There were significant differences in the patterns of allowance management in the four groups. The low-external symbol group owned more commodities than high-external symbol group. The high-external symbol group considered external appearance more important when purchasing commodities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2012

For the cost-effective biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process whose characteristics of influent have low COD/N ratios, the automatic control system for the addition of external carbon based on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) data in an anoxic reactor has been developed. In this study, it was carried out with a pilot-scale Bardenpho process which was consisted of anoxic 1, aerobic 1, aerobic 2, anoxic 2, aerobic 3 tank and clarifier. Firstly, the correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of the dosage of external carbon source and ORP value was about 0.97. Consequently, the automatic control system using ORP showed that the dosage of external carbon source was decreased by about 20% compared with a stable dosage of 75 mg/L based on the COD/N ratio of the anoxic influent.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of internal-external locus of control on level of aspiration in Korean Children. The locus of control was measured by means of the Nowicki & Strickland's "A Locus of Control Scale for Children (1973)". The level of aspiration was measured by "Throw Balls into the Basket Game" Sixty internal controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) and 60 external controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) were selected among 853 children in fifth grade. For the data analysis, two - way analysis of variance and t-test were applied, Pearson correlation coefficient was computed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 2. Shift value were significantly higher in the external controlled children than in the internal controlled children. 3. School achievement were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 4. There was no significant difference in the school achievement between the children who showed high goal discrepancy score and the children who showed low one. 5. There was no significant difference in the locus of control between girls and boys. 6. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in boys than in girls, but there was no significant difference in the shift value between girls and boys.