• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-42
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exogenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki(穀氣) so that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Meridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily forms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and cannot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian system unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to explain the successful methods for the revitalization of distribution and logistics of the least developed FEZs (Saemangum, Yellow-sea, and Deagu-Kyengbuk) in Korea. With the recent changes in the economic terrain of Northeast Asia as with the rise of China, Korea has developed a logistics hub concept for improving the efficiency of logistics and distribution industry and its distribution and logistics policy has received positive worldwide evaluation. Therefore, we face severe competition and must always look for ways to address these problems. Research design, Data, Methodology - This study adopts two methods to propose successful revitalization of distribution and logistics in the least developed FEZ. The first method investigates the limitation of these FEZs by analyzing the statutes, and the second one follows comparable cases. Thus, we first reviewed the efficient strategic political alternatives for the least developed FEZ, Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk, through the relative institution system, law, and future plans. Next, we studied the Bin-hai Economic Free Section (Zone) in China as a comparable example. In order to analyze the competitiveness of logistics in the three FEZs (Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk), the total factor productivity growth of regional manufacturing industries is divided into three sources: the external trade effect, scale effect, and technical change effect. However, this paper does not test for a positive contribution of external trade, which is a reason of non-building on these FEZs. A FEZ that shows a larger external trade effect than the others will have a comparative advantage in the logistics infrastructure and policy support. This study presented the newly applied Bin-hai FEZ in China, in order to make the studied FEZ as successful by applying the strategy of its distribution and logistics center. Results - In Korea, there is an increased focus on the benefit of the regional development of regions such as the Free Economic Zones (FEZ). We have six FEZs, Inchon, Busan-Jinhae, Guangyang, Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk. However, our FEZs do not have various supporting factors needed for the logistics and distribution industry. Korea designated the above six places as FEZ and has operated to enhance national competitiveness and ensure a balanced regional development since 2003. However, most FEZs did not receive favorable feedback in the first business performance evaluation and it is necessary to take action for substantial improvements. Conclusions - Especially, over the past 10 years, even though the FEZ policy has been implemented in an effort to promote success in distribution and logistics, there are still many underdeveloped industries in logistics. The main problem is the absence of revitalization of the high value added performance in the distribution and logistics industry. However, there is a limitation to this study. We have used non-empirical method based on a case study to arrive at our findings. Future studies should use appropriate statistical methods to supplement our results and provide a solution to this problem.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 2017

본 연구는 기술집약적 중소기업인 벤처기업이 외부주체와 수행하는 R&D협력에서 협력성과 강화요인을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 벤처기업의 기업가적 지향성과 협력주체 간 사회적 자본의 역할을 고찰하고, 각 요인이 협력성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 협력성과는 R&D협력을 통해 개발된 기술이 기업의 경쟁우위에 기여하는 정도를 의미하는 기술경쟁력과, 해당 기술을 상업적으로 활용하여 달성한 기업성과로 구분하였다. 설문조사를 통해 R&D협력을 수행한 벤처기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 하여 총 218개 표본기업의 응답데이터를 분석하였다. 그 결과, R&D협력에서 벤처기업의 기업가적 지향성과 협력주체 간 사회적 자본은 협력성과 창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 자본은 기업가적 지향성의 형성에 기여하며, 기업가적 지향성은 사회적 자본과 협력성과의 영향관계에서 완전매개의 역할을 담당하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석을 통해 [사회적 자본-기업가적 지향성-협력성과]의 R&D협력성과 창출구조가 작동한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 본 결과가 내포한 학문적 및 실무적 의의는 결론에서 상세히 기술하였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.225-250
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• 2015

국가 간 경계를 넘나드는 다국적기업들의 전략적 제휴는 부족한 자원을 효과적으로 채워줄 수 있는 수단으로서 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 하지만 기업들의 전략적 제휴가 급증하면서 전략적 제휴 파트너에 의한 핵심기술이나 노하우 유출 같은 극단적인 불법 행위 뿐만 아니라 자사에게만 이득이 되도록 행동하는 소위 기회주의적인 행동을 보이는 경우도 늘어나고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전략적 제휴에서 기회주의행동이 어떻게 초래되는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기업들이 지각하는 특정 자원에 대한 이익과 초래될 수 있는 위험이 제휴참여자들의 제휴참여의 방향성을 결정하고 이러한 참여의 향성에 따라 기회주의행동이 발생한다는 흐름에 초점을 맞추었다. 현재 한국, 중국, 그리고 일본에서 제휴를 진행하고 있는 제휴참여자 257명을 대상으로 실증분석 한 결과, 이익지각보다 리스크지각이 제휴참여자의 참여수준과 기회주의행동의 방향성을 결정하는 주요한 단서임을 알 수 있었다. 특히 관계적 위험이 높을수록 제휴참여자들은 경쟁적 참여와 기회주의행동의 수준이 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 리스크지각으로 유발된 제휴참여자들의 경쟁적 독립적인 참여는 기업들이 제휴에 투자한 자원 대비 효과적인 성과를 얻어낼 수 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 감시, 통제, 모니터링, 법적조치와 같은 외압적인 장치 외에 제휴과정에서 파트너가 지각하는 리스크를 어떻게 관리하느냐에 따라 전략적 제휴 참여자들의 참여와 행동의 방향성이 결정될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.248-258
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• 1989

As a result of cost-benefit analysis by making a macroscopic approach to the health screening projects conducted 4 times since 1950 for the insured people of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation, the following conclusions were reached. 1. The direct costs put into the health screening project, and the time costs which were paid by examinees or calculated in terms of social costs have been estimated. The results is that the lowest estimation was 10,337 million won and the highest 15,141 million won when a minimum of 1.5 hours of time spent and a maximum 4 hours were applied. 2. In terms of the psychiatric benefits, the lowest estimation was 5,341 million won while the highest was 5,585 million won. 3. In terms of the benefits for each kind of diseases, the lowest estimation of 37,188 million won and highest estimation of 74,383 million won have been calculated for the liver diseases. And for the cardiovascular diseases, the minimum estimation was 14,475 million won while the maximum was 20,532 million won. In case of pulmonary tuberculosis, with external effect benefits being included, the estimation ranged from the minimum of 1,649 million won to the maximum of 1,832 million won. And the estimation of benefits for diabetes mellitus and renal diseases ranged from 89 million won to 92 million won and from 4,567 million won to 7,598 million won respectively. 4. In comparing costs and benefits, as a results of comparing each highest and lowet estimation a range of minimum 46,708 million won and maximum 98,071 million won of benefits has been gained.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.199-214
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to explain weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents as measured by the elements of the health belief model. A total of 732 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area and their mothers were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The analyzed results are as follows; 1. Among obese students, 45.3% of male students and 57.2% of female students, a significantly higher portion than male students, reported that they had tried to lose weight within the recent year. Exercise was the most frequently used method to lose weight followed by diet control, drug use, and specialized clinic visits, in descending order. 2. Male students were more likely to try to lose weight if they perceived a low threat level and their mother had a job, and female students were more likely to try to lose weight if they were younger in age, perceived a low threat level and had strong external motivating factors. 3. Female students showed a significantly higher level of intention to obesity control than male students, and the intention level of their mothers also showed the same trend. 4. In male students, the degree of weight dissatisfaction, weight control experience, the level of obesity related beliefs of students, the educational level of the mother and economic status of the family were significant predictors of intention to obesity control, and in females, age, the level of obesity related beliefs of students and intention of their mothers were significant. In the mothers of male students, obesity index of students, age of the mother and the level of obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant predictors of intention of the mother, and in the mothers of female students, obesity index of students, occupational status of the mother and obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant. 5. According to the path model of intention to obesity control, the degree of weight dissatisfaction had the most powerful effect in male students, and perceived net benefit level was the most important variable in female students. Since the weight control behavior and intention of obese students were more predictable by the degree of weight dissatisfaction than the obesity index, we can conclude that only the students dissatisfied with their weight are well motivated for obesity control. There can be a discrepancy between the mother and her child's beliefs and intention status(especially in male students), so the therapists should also assess the student's opinion as well as the mother's. In female students, the perceived net benefit level wag the most important predictor of intention to obesity control, therefore the intervention program should pay particular attention to the positive benefits of weight control rather than negative aspects(threats) of obesity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

Purpose : Despite a development of therapeutic machines and advance in modern radiation therapy techniques, locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate, Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Our study was performed to evaluate effect of concurrent chemoradiation on locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. Methods and Materials : Twenty six patients with locally advanced stage(FIGO stage IIB with ${\geq}5cm$ in diameter, III, IVA) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatinum between May of 1988 and September of 1993 at our hospital. Radiation therapy consisted of external irradiaton and 1-2 sessions of intracavitary irradiation. Cisplatinum was administered in bolus injection of 25mg/$m^2$ at weekly intervals during the course of external radiation therapy. Results : Of the 26 Patients, twenty-five patients were evaluable for estimation of response. Median follow-up period was 25 months with ranges from 3 to 73 months. Stage IIB, III, and IVA were 16, 5, 4 patients, respectively, Twenty patients were squamous cell carcinoma. Response was noted in all 25 patients: complete response(CR) in 17/25($68\%$), Partial response(PR) in 8/25($32\%$). Of the 24 patients except one who died of sepsis at 3 months follow-up, seventeen patients($70.8\%$) maintained local control in the pelvis: 16/17($94.1\%$) in CR, 1/17($14.3\%$) in PR. Fourteen of the 17 patients with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Median survival is 28 months for CR and 15 months for PR. Analysis of 5-year survival by stage shows 11/16($59.8\%$) in IIB, 3/5($60.0\%$) in III, and 1/4($25.0\%$) in IVA. Overall 5-year survival rate was $55.2\%$. Ten patients recurred: 4 at locoregional, 3 in distant metastasis and 3 with locoregional and distant site. Toxicity by addition of cisplatinum was not excessive. Conclusion : Although the result of this study was obtained from small number of patients, it is rather encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical group.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제25호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2010

우리나라를 비롯한 각국이 경제정보전을 가속화하면서 국가역량을 총동원하고 있으며 이런 과정에서 산업기술 정보의 불법 유출이 급속하게 늘어나고 있다. 2007에서 2008년까지의 피해 예방액만 약 180조 원에 다다르며 앞으로 그 액수는 더욱 커질 것으로 본다. 이러한 핵심기술 유출수법도 개인에 의한 단순 절취에서 연구 활동 참여자 전원이 가담하는 등 조직화, 대형화되고 있기 때문에 기술을 개발하는 것 외에 기술을 지키는 것에도 관심과 역량을 집중할 시기이다. 이러한 고급두뇌들의 유출은 여러 가지 요인이 있을 수 있으나 일반적으로 자녀 교육 및 보수 등의 개인적 요인, 경력직으로서의 빠른 순환의 노동시장, 연구의 정치적 제약 등 개인 사회 정치 문화 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 핵심인력 유출을 방지하기 위한 대책으로 각 기업체 및 연구소별 조직이나 업종의 목적과 이념에 핵심인력 관리시스템을 체계적으로 구축하여 핵심인재에 대해서는 차별화된 처우와 보장, 감독을 실시해야 하며, 핵심인력이 다시 돌아올 경우 인사 상 불이익을 주지 않고 외부 경험을 접목시키도록 배려하는 등 인사체제를 개방형으로 전환할 것을 제시하고있다. 또한, 국내외 대학에 업계 공동으로 연수를 보내는 등 상호간의 협력과 자사 교육 시설의 확보를 통한 핵심인력의 양성 및 교육이 필요하다. 아울러 핵심인력의 유출과 관련한 현안들은 각 기업체만의 문제가 아니며 외국에서도 국가적인 차원에서 핵심기술을 확보하기 위한 작업에 혈안이 되어 있는 만큼 기업체와 유관기관의 공조체제가 매우 필요하고 할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2006

다양한 지질 주제도는 현지 조사에 의해 부분적으로 샘플링된 공간 자료의 내삽을 통해 작성되어 왔으며, 공간적 예측을 위해 공간적 상관성을 고려하는 지구통계학적 크리깅이 많이 적용되어 왔다. 이 논문에서는 지질 주제도 작성을 목적으로 부분적인 샘플링 자료와 이와 상관된 부가자료를 통합하기 위해 다변량 지구통계 기법을 적용하였다. 다변량 지구통계 기법으로 simple kriging with local means와 kriging with an external drift를 적용하였다. 지하수위 분포도 작성과 퇴적물 입도 분포도 작성의 2가지 사례연구를 수행하였는데, 지하수위 분포도 작성에는 지하수위 분포 샘플링 자료와 수치고도모델을, 퇴적물 입도분포도 작성에는 입도 샘플링 자료와 IKONOS 원격탐사 자료를 이용하였다. 사례연구 수행결과, 다변량 지구통계 기법이 그동안 많이 이용되어온 단변량 지구통계 기법 친 정규 크리깅에 비해 작은 추정 오차를 나타내면서 국소적인 특성을 반영할 수 있었다. 그러나 추정 오차의 정도는 샘플링 밀도, 부가자료와의 상관성과 공간자료 자체의 상관성 정도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 퇴적물 입도 분포도 작성 사례연구에서 이러한 요소들이 상호 영향을 미쳐 부가자료의 이용 효과가 상대적으로 적게 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.658-662
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• 2007

The simple and easy treatment with cast or splint has been applied to stabilize long bone fractures in farm animals. Applying cast or splint is relatively easier than surgical fixation and may temporarily stabilize fracture site. However, the internal fixation provides strong stabilization and early recovery of limb function. In this report, we describe six cases of limb fractures in calves repaired by internal fixation. Fracture sites are various and affected ages are between 1 day and several months old. In some cases, patients were treated with cast or splint before admitting to Veterinary Medical Center. In these patients, regardless of initial treatment fractures were not immobilized. Consequently we decided to treat these patients with open reduction and internal fixation. The fracture repair with implants(bone plate, screw, cerclage wire, and intramedullary pin) were effective and satisfactory in calves which had been failed by application of cast. Although the cost of orthopedic treatment in farm animal is one of the most important considerations from the practical point of view, internal fixation has many benefits in newborn and young calves. And simplicity of postoperative management is also practically significant benefit expected from infernal fixation In conclusion, we suggest that internal fixation will produce better result than external coaptation in calve.