• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 1997

The controversy between Lewis and Spanier's theory and Thomas and kleber's theory on marital satisfaction and marital stability was tested empirically. The results show that while marital satisfaction was the best predictor for marital stability the impact of alternative attractions and external pressures to remaim married was more complicated than both theories predicted depending on the nature of alternative attractions. Thomas and Kleber's theory was supported in most of groups Contrary to Lewis and Spanier's theory alternative atteractions did not negatively affect marital stability of marriages of high qulity. Contrary to both theories external pressures to remain married was not an important predictor of marital stability . In some cases high external pressures to remain married even lowered marital stability. The validity of both theories are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2009

This purpose of this study was to examine the connections between positive maternal psychology, internal control, and parenting stress of mothers with young children. The subjects were 398 mothers living in Buchon city. Collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysiss, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that employed mothers had higher positive psychology and lower parenting stress than unemployed mothers. In addition, positive maternal psychology, internal-external control, and parenting stress were all related to each other. In particular, positive psychology was the strongest predictor for parental stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.103-127
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• 1999

The effects of environmental factors on adolescent’s socialization were examined according to the gender. Data were drawn from 1,412 adolescents. A hypothesized model was tested for male and female students separately by the links among housing, family conflicts, parent-adolescent relationship, family stress, peer relations, mass media, school atmosphere, consumption, consumer socialization, and adolescent’s socialization. There was no difference between male and female students in the predictability of the effects of environmental factors on internal and external socialization. For male students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, consumer socialization, peer relations, family stress, mother-adolescent relations, and school atmosphere. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, school atmosphere, consumer socialization, father-adolescent relations, housing, and mother-adolescent relations. For female students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, peer relations, father-adolescent relations, and consumer socialization. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, followed by consumer socialization, mother-adolescent relations, school atmosphere, housing, and peer relations. The findings are consistent with a growing body of literature showing that the environmental factors are related to male & female adolescent’s socialization.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

This study was to investigate cross-situational consistency in copings and copings according to an internal/external locus of control. The subjects were 489 the sixth grade children selected from seven elementary schools in Seoul. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and ANOVA Major findings were that (1) Correlations among corresponding copings across stress situations-such as parents, friend-alienation, friend-conflict, and loaming related stress situations- ranged from r=.27 to r=.67, reflecting cross-situational consistency in copings. (2) Generally, children with an internal locus of control used more active coping behaviors, but used less passive and aggressive coping behaviors than children with an external locus of control in stress situations.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

This study has been designed to explore how the types of housing life-style relate to the preferences of internal and external spaces among multi-family housing residents. Data were collected by questionnaire self-administered to 278 female residents living in multi-family housing over 20s pyong (66$m^2$) in the Kwangju area. General linear model/Duncan-test, and $x^2$-test were used in analyzing the data. In the preferences of internal space, there were significant differences in the needs of an indoor garden, exercise spaces, and a front balcony and in the concept of the living room and the dining-kitchen by types of housing life-style. In the preferences of external spaces, there were significant difference in the preferred type of housing, the preferred residential area, and in the need of an individual storage space and a walking path by types of housing life-style.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2001

This study investigated the heat transmission coefficient through the experiment that the skylight, slope window of 60 degree and 30 degree consisted of pair glass and the double window of external window and internal window paper were suitable for heat insulation. As the result of experiment, the heat transmission coefficient of slope window was 1.06 times in the 60 degree, 1.18 times in the 30 degree and 1.31 times in the skylight as a standard lateral window. The heat transmission coefficient in the double window of external window and internal window paper was 3.017$\textrm{㎉}$/$\textrm{m}^2$.hr.$^{\cire}C$. The slope window was not suitable for the prescription by the increase of the heat transmission coefficient, so the user must pay attention to the treatment. This study investigated only the slope window of 12mm and 16mm pair glass and the double window of external window and internal window paper, study on the various pattern of window must be achived in a future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2024

External nasal splints are commonly used for immobilization following nasal fracture reduction or rhinoplasty procedures. The literature documents the use of various materials like thermoplastic materials, aluminum, Orthoplast, fiberglass, plaster of Paris, and polyvinyl siloxane. These materials are bulky, time-consuming, expensive, and cumbersome to use, and have been associated with complications including contact dermatitis and epidermolysis. Furthermore, they cannot be retained if the situation warrants prolonged stabilization and immobilization. We introduce a new technique using readily available scalp vein catheter flanges as an external nasal stent. The technique is easy to master, inexpensive, and limits edema and ecchymosis, while stabilizing the reconstructed nasal skeleton in position during the healing period.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.67-78
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• 2006

Self-concept is a multi-dimensional characteristic including self-image and self-evaluation. Self-image is the descriptive side of self-concept and is composed of the real self-image and the ideal self-image. Self-evaluation is the appraisable side self-concept and is composed of the internal self-concept, external self-concept and total score of self-concept. The purposes of this study were to determine the correlation of self-image and self-evaluation and to identify the effects of self-image and self-evaluation on consumption value. The data were collected from 237 college women residing in Gwangju using a questionnaire to investigate real/ideal self-image, self-evaluation and consumption value. The results were analyzed with factor analysis, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis using statistical program SPSS 10.0. The results of this research were as follows. 1. The real self-image and ideal self-image had a significant correlation with internal self-concept, external self-concept and total score of self-concept. It was ensured that self-image and self-evaluation are one side of the multidimensional self-concept. 2. The real/ideal self-image and internal/external self-evaluation had a significant influence on consumption value. The real self-image and external self-evaluation were the most important variables explaining the consumption value.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Korean residents' subjective opinion of the noise on the lowrise multifamily house in America. The results of this study can be applied for the prevention of noise when planning cities, roads, and multifamily houses in Korea. The subjects of this study are three kinds of multifamily houses and their 124 Korean residents in Athens, America. The results of this study are as follows. The Korean residents felt the noise from lawn mowers and the sound of filter fan of air conditioners were higher than all the other external noise. They were disturbed a little by the external noise. The air borne sound was recognized a little by Korean residents but they only felt moderate sound of building services and household equipment from the solid borne sound of the internal noise. They suffered worse from external noise in the summer and they felt worse from 8～12 o'clock due to external noise and 20～24 o'clock due to internal noise. The Korean residents liked the sound of birds or insects, the sound of cars and trains. However many Korean people in Athens disliked the sounds of birds or insects and lawn mowers more than these sounds in Korea. The Korean residents who were living in the apartment houses felt better than those in the other multifamily houses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

This study examined types and color conditions of street views through relationship of high-storied apartment house to street components which has great visual influence on urban street view and requires harmony with street environment as background factor and conducted positive experiment with high-storied apartment houses located at housing site development districts in Gwangju Metropolitan City since 1990s in order to set applicable color ranges in designing external colors of high-storied apartment houses which became background of street view by types. Consequently, in image changes of four factors of main colors in classified street types, P, RP, R and YR colors showed high average values in naturalness, harmony and unity and GY, G, BG and B colors showed dichotomy with low average value, but image of personality showed generally low average value. RP, R and YR colors showed higher adaptability and GY, G and BG colors showed lower adaptability. It was confirmed that according to adaptability of main colors used in high-storied apartment houses by street types, there was difference of appropriate color range in street components and external colors of high-storied apartment houses by street types.