• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.156-176
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• 1999

Rubber chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants, vulcanizing agents, processing agents and retarders are very important to the production and protection of tires and rubber goods. The use of accelerators and antidegradants are evaluated in various tire components. This paper will focus on how to vulcanize tires economically and maintain the physical properties of each tire component without severe degradation due to oxygen, heat and ozone. Also, new non-nitrosoamine accelerators and non-staining antiozonants will be discussed. Lastly, the future requirements of antidegradants and accelerators in the tire industry will be reviewed. Tires have been vulcanized with Sulfenamides as primary accelerators and either Guamdine's or Thiurams as secondary accelerators to achieve proper properties at service conditions. However, interior components such as the carcass can be vulcanized with Thiazoles as a primary accelerator to cure faster than the external components. Using the combination of Sulfenamide with secondary accelerators in a tire tread compound and the combination of a Thiazole and Guanidine in a carcass compound will be presented with performance data. Uniroyal Chemical and another Rubber Chemical Manufacturer have developed, "Tetrabenzyl Thiuram Disulfide," (TBzTD) as a non-Nitrosoamine accelerator, which could replace Nitrosoamine generating Thiurams. This new accelerator has been evaluated in a tread compound as a secondary accelerator. Also, Flexsys has developed N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole Sulfenamide (TBSI) as a non-Nitrosoamine accelerator which could replace 2-(Morpholinothio) -benzothiazole (MBS), a scorch delayed Sulfendamide accelerator. TBSI has been evaluated in a Natural Rubber (NR) belt skim compound vs. MBS. An optimum low rolling resistant cure system has been developed in a NR tread with Dithiomorpholine (DTDM). Also, future requirements for developing accelerators will be discussed such as the replacement of DTDM and other stable crosslink systems. Antidegradants are divided into two different types for use in tire compounds. Internal tire compounds such as apex, carcass, liner, wire breaker, cushion, base tread and bead compounds are protected by antioxidants against degradation from oxygen and heat due to mechanical shear. The external components such as sidewall, chafer and cap tread com-pounds are protected from ozone by antiozonants and waxes. Various kinds of staining and non-staining antioxidants have been evaluated in a tire carcass compound. Also, various para-phenylene diamine antiozonants have been evaluated in a tire sidewall compound to achieve the improved lifetime of the tire. New non-staining antiozonants such as 2, 4, 6-tris-(N-1, 4-dimethylpentyl-p-phenylene diamine) 1, 3, 5 Trizine (D-37) and un-saturated Acetal (AFS) will be discussed in the tire sidewall to achieve better appearance. The future requirements of antidegradants will be presented to improve tire performance such as durability, better appearance and longer lasting tires.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2003

The Precast Concrete(PC) method was developed for a large production of a structure in Europe. Afterwards, this PC method has been applied to a structure and an outside Coating of buildings extensively. The outside Coating of the building applied this PC method is a method to put tiles or stones to base concrete. And there is a method to use paints for, so the expression of various patterns is possible. The Multi-Layer Coating is one of the methods to use paints. This Multi-Layer Coating method can show various designs of external appearance with Foam when it is made with the PC panel. Also, the paint film of the PC panel enables a splendid appearance, and a protective function of concrete is possible, too. Therefore, it makes good durability of the PC. Besides, maintenance is easy to manage because it is free from pollution when it uses metallic materials, stones, or any other materials. You might have no trouble in applying the Multi-Layer Coating method in order to save a merit of an outside Coating on the PC panel. However, the Multi-Layer Coating method used as a current outside Coating method has pollution and bad working environment because Oil Epoxy Resins have toxicity and flammability. Therefore, a lot of warnings are required for coating work in order to have appropriate quality because working hours are short, and production efficiency is low too. These reasons make the cost of construction of the Multi-Layer Coating method increase. And employers or designers may have problems in selecting this Multi-Layer Coating method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to get activation of the Multi-Layer Coating method by offering improvement measures about the problems of the existing Multi-Layer Coating method.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.168-179
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• 2014

Everyone has the desire to be well shaped. Modern people in the $21^{st}$ century utilize their external appearance as a tool to express their personalities and social activities for the improvement of cultural life and the acceleration of information transfer. The expression of beauty is a method of communication from the view point of creation in addition to the exchange of meaning & value, and it has become a method of image transfer due to the increased desire for a better appearance. The beauty industry was established in 1948 by the execution of the 1st hairdresser's license test, and has been developed in full scale through the enactment of the public health control act. Therefore, beauty education is currently qualitatively and quantitatively developed, and the educational role of the beauty institute has expanded to include training beauty professionals. Private beauty institutes provide students with beauty related education in preparation for the national technical qualification examinations or private beauty association tests. These beauty education opportunities enable aspiring beauticians to attend various beauty competition events and acquire a sense of accomplishment. The purpose of this study was to determine how the quality of the beauty educational institutes affects the re-registration rate, and to analyze the effect of the beauty educational institutes quality on the intention of re-registrations using a survey. The study results show that variables such as 'lecture satisfaction', 'internal environment satisfaction', 'facility satisfaction', and 'tuition satisfaction' are significantly related to the rate of re-registrations, with 'lectures satisfaction' especially having the largest influence on re-registration.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.672-685
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40％ of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563％ in leaves, 0.325％ in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054％ and 0.037％ each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0％ in leaves, and stems was 64.0％. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16％ in stem's extract, 33.18％ in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7％ and 23.5％ each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 ％ than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~ 3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5％ of yield.

• 복식
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• 제45권
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• pp.71-84
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• 1999

This study was to identify the dimensions of consumer's purchasing motives and purchasing delay reasons toward casual hanbok. Other objective was to examine relationship between these variables and future purchasing intention. Th 22 purchasing motive questions and 19 purchasing delay reasons were selected through the result of self-questionnaire analysis. 302 purchaser and 297 consumers who delay for particular reasons in Pusan responsed to the second questionnaire of purchasing motives and purchasing delay reasons toward casual Hanbok. The results as follows: 1. For factor analysis 22 purchasing motive questions were subjected to the principle component analysis with orthogonal rotation after extraction of 6 major factors. Six dimensions are consciousness of nation goodness of design conformity with fashion charming apperance relaxation fo body and mind nation goodness of design conformity with fashion charming appearance relaxation of body and mind and pursuit of individuality. These factors explained 62.0% of total variables. 2. Consumer's purchasing motives such as consciousness of nation goodness of design charming appearance and relaxation of body and mind has predicting power to the re-purchasing intention of casual hanbok 3. For factor analysis 19 delay reason question were subjected to the principle component analysis with orthogonal rotation after extraction of 5 major factors. Five dimensions are non-fitness for occasion and body shape unsatisfaction with design unsatisfaction with price need of information search for better product and preference for traditional hangok. These factors explained 60.4% of total variables. 4. Delay reasons of unsatisfaction with design and price were positively related to the future purchasing intention. This delay reason is caused by forces external to the consumer and the consumer has engaged in information search. This result explained this type of consumer has the strong future purchasing intention.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the difference of external appearance measurements in subjects of different regional lineages as subgroups within the Tae-eumin Sasang grouping. Methods: We chose 51 Tae-eumin subjects diagnosed by Korean Sasang constitutional medical doctors aided by voice analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups, the northern and southern lineages, by an expert on facial characteristics of the two lineages. We took pictures of their frontal and lateral views by Martin's method, measured projected length of face with the Facial Feature Measurement Program, and analyzed anthropometric facial differences between the northern and southern types. Results: Results show differences between the northern and southern types. First, the northern type of face has bigger measurements than the southern type on the frontal face. Second, the northern type of face has higher measurements of "height", which means distance from pupil to a specific measurement point, than the southern type on the frontal face. Third, on the frontal face, the northern and southern types have differences with respect to eyebrow, point of sellion, and eye. Fourth, on the side face, the northern and southern types have differences in lip, mandible and ear. Conclusions: We found our anthropometric facial measurements of the northern and southern lineages to be in accordance with previous literature. Knowledge of the differences between the northern and southern lineages can be a hint in constitutional diagnosis when differentiation is clinically confusing.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Objectives : Due to morphological similarity, many substitutes and counterfeits have been used as Moktong for thousands of years. This study was designed to determine discriminative criteria for identifying medicinal herbs used as Moktong. Methods : Akebia quinata, A. trifoliata, Clematis armandii, and Aristolochia manshuriensis were collected in various regions. Samples were authenticated and examined by observation and microscopy with paraffin embedding and triple staining using the modified Ju staining method. Results : Three different types of features to establish discriminative criteria for four kinds of Moktong were identified. Botanical features include differences in phyllotaxy, leaf shape, and caulescent. External morphological features were arrangement and size of fine holes(xylem), and overall shape of the section. Internal morphological features include the number of medullary rays, shape of the pitch, type of tissues rounding pitch, appearance of annual rings, shape and amount of crystals(calcium-oxalate), and the appearance of cork cambium. Further details(e.g. identification keys) are in the article. Conclusions : These criteria could provide an effective method for identifying numerous kinds of Moktong distributed in markets throughout northeast Asian nations.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.227-232
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 다양한 조명하에서 실시간으로 눈을 검출하고 추적하는 새로운 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 기존의 능동적 적외선을 이용한 눈 검출 및 추적 방법은 외부의 조명에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 문제점을 가지고 있으므로, 본 논문에서는 적외선 조명을 이용한 밝은 동공 효과와 전형적인 외형을 기반으로 한 사물 인식 기술을 결합하여 외부 조명의 간섭으로 밝은 동공 효과가 나타나지 않는 경우에도 견실하게 눈을 검출하고 추적 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 눈 검출과 추적을 위해 SVM과 평균 이동 추적방법을 사용하였고, 적외선 조명과 카메라를 포함한 영상 획득 장치를 구성하여 제안된 방법이 효율적으로 다양한 조명하에서 눈 검출과 추적을 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the functionally improved winter work clothing for the Korean railroad workers. Based on the questionnaires, the sample clothing for the Korean railroad workers was produced. The design, materials, and patterns were modified to increase mobility and comfort of workers. Water-repellent treatment was added to the material in order to decrease the dirt and stains while working. Also the reflective strips were added to chest and back of the upper garment in order to increase visibility and safety of the workers. In terms of the design and pattern underarm of the sleeve and side panel of the bodice were put in together and action pleats at the back were inserted in order to decrease the pullback of the armpit and scapular area and increase mobility of the arm movement. Also the patterns of the elbows areas were modified to increase mobility of joint. The prototype was evaluated an objective assessment and subjective assessment to compare to the existing working uniform. Assessment group was consisted of 5 subject groups and 11 expert groups and evaluated external appearance and adaptability to the movements. According to the results, the prototype was evaluated better than the existing working uniform in appearance and adaptability except height of collar. A field test was conducted to compare the prototype and the existing working uniform. The field tests were performed by 6 workers in the Korean railroad. According to the results, the prototype was improved in terms of adaptability and comfort.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.410-419
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the functionally improved winter work clothing for the Korean railroad workers. Based on the questionnaires, sample clothing for the Korean railroad workers was produced. The design, materials, and patterns were modified to increase mobility and comfort for workers. Water-repellent treatment was added to the material in order to decrease the dirt and stains while working. Also, reflective strips were added to side seams and hems of the trousers in order to increase the visibility and safety of the workers. In terms of the design and pattern, a circumference of 4.5cm was added to the crotch area in order to minimize tightness on the hip and crotch areas, but no additional circumference was added to the hip area. And a 1cm width dart was inserted between the side seams and yoke in order to add activity. Also three 1.4cm width tucks were used at 2.5cm space on the knees to alleviate tightness at the knees. The prototype was evaluated objectively and subjectively to compare with the existing working uniform. The assessment group consisted of 5 subject groups and 11 expert groups to evaluate external appearance and adaptability of the movements. Subject and panels were asked to evaluate the prototype that followed an ergonomic design and pattern. According to the results, the prototype was evaluated better than the existing working uniform in appearance and adaptability. A field test was conducted to compare the prototype and the existing working uniform. The field tests were performed by 6 workers in the Korean railroad. According to the results, the prototype advanced in terms of adaptability and comfort.